Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza
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Metafora w służbie polityki. Aleksander Kwaśniewski o wstąpieniu Polski do NATO i akcesji do Unii Europejskiej
Full text linkThe aim of the article is to analyse selected metaphors used by the President of the Republic of Poland, Aleksander Kwaśniewski, in public appearances during his presidency in from 1995 to 2005. The subject of interest are public appearances in which A. Kwaśniewski talked about the preparation and accession of Poland to one of the most prestigious organisations in the world – the North Atlantic Alliance (NATO) in 1999 and the European Union (EU) in 2004. The author analyses selected metaphors (including: HOME, ROAD, FAMILY), regarding Poland’s accession to these structures, which were used by the president in his speeches. The author discusses how A. Kwaśniewski, who was then the head of state, used metaphors to present his attitude towards the issue of Poland’s integration with North Atlantic Alliance and accession to the European Union and what vision of Poland’s presence in these structures he had.The aim of the article is to analyse selected metaphors used by the President of the Republic of Poland, Aleksander Kwaśniewski, in public appearances during his presidency in from 1995 to 2005. The subject of interest are public appearances in which A. Kwaśniewski talked about the preparation and accession of Poland to one of the most prestigious organisations in the world – the North Atlantic Alliance (NATO) in 1999 and the European Union (EU) in 2004. The author analyses selected metaphors (including: HOME, ROAD, FAMILY), regarding Poland’s accession to these structures, which were used by the president in his speeches. The author discusses how A. Kwaśniewski, who was then the head of state, used metaphors to present his attitude towards the issue of Poland’s integration with North Atlantic Alliance and accession to the European Union and what vision of Poland’s presence in these structures he had
Funkcjonowanie zwrotów leżeć bykiem i leżeć martwym bykiem w polszczyźnie
Full text linkThe article discusses the motivation and the functioning of two phraseological units in the Polish language, namely leżeć bykiem (to idle lazily) and leżeć martwym bykiem (to be resting idly). Resulting from independent derivations, they appeared in the Polish language in the second half of the twentieth century. Due to formal similarity, though, they quickly developed relations which led to the transformations of their meaning and form.The article discusses the motivation and the functioning of two phraseological units in the Polish language, namely leżeć bykiem (to idle lazily) and leżeć martwym bykiem (to be resting idly). Resulting from independent derivations, they appeared in the Polish language in the second half of the twentieth century. Due to formal similarity, though, they quickly developed relations which led to the transformations of their meaning and form
Wizerunek kobiety w polskich afektonimach w świetle teorii stereotypów płciowych
Full text linkThis article aims to present the image of a woman in Polish affectionate names in the light of the theory of gender stereotypes. Special attention has been paid to the linguistic and cultural status of female affectionate names. Based on the analysis of selected female affectionate names, the author demonstrates that they contain some women’s representations that depend on features assigned to women in social and cultural stereotypes (physical, mental and behavioural) such as beauty, grace, timidity, kindness, peace, protectiveness, modesty, etc. It has been noticed that this image can be both positive and negative.This article aims to present the image of a woman in Polish affectionate names in the light of the theory of gender stereotypes. Special attention has been paid to the linguistic and cultural status of female affectionate names. Based on the analysis of selected female affectionate names, the author demonstrates that they contain some women’s representations that depend on features assigned to women in social and cultural stereotypes (physical, mental and behavioural) such as beauty, grace, timidity, kindness, peace, protectiveness, modesty, etc. It has been noticed that this image can be both positive and negative
Legal design jako narzędzie umożliwiające osiągnięcie komunikatywności tekstu prawnego
Full text linkThe article discusses the idea of legal design as an approach to legal communication that takes into account the needs of the readers of a normalised legal text and combines linguistic and non-linguistics techniques. It includes examples of legal regulations that refer to the intelligibility and clarity, also discussing the communication challenges that authors of legal texts are faced with. The aim of the article is to explain the term ‘legal design’ whose role as a tool for ensuring communicativeness is becoming more widely recognised by the specialists in the practice and theory of law and linguistics.The article discusses the idea of legal design as an approach to legal communication that takes into account the needs of the readers of a normalised legal text and combines linguistic and non-linguistics techniques. It includes examples of legal regulations that refer to the intelligibility and clarity, also discussing the communication challenges that authors of legal texts are faced with. The aim of the article is to explain the term ‘legal design’ whose role as a tool for ensuring communicativeness is becoming more widely recognised by the specialists in the practice and theory of law and linguistics
Obsceniczne, obraźliwe czy „śmieszne”? O odbiorze społecznym kilku typów nazw miejscowych pogranicza polsko-wschodniosłowiańskiego
Full text linkThis article examines local place names which may, due to their form or their use in a wider context of a speech act, be considered to be obscene, offensive or funny. The first group includes names that evoke troublesome associations, even though they are not, etymologically speaking, connected with the taboo sphere (e.g. Gacie, Hujsko, Podupce). The second group consists of place names whose obscene or humorous character is recognisable only by those with relevant linguistic knowledge and awareness (e.g. Przedrzymiechy, Pukarzów, Tarzymiechy). The third and final group contains names whose potentially ridiculous and humorous character is present only when accompanied by a broader text and context of an utterance (e.g. Nielisz, Niemce, Cyców).This article examines local place names which may, due to their form or their use in a wider context of a speech act, be considered to be obscene, offensive or funny. The first group includes names that evoke troublesome associations, even though they are not, etymologically speaking, connected with the taboo sphere (e.g. Gacie, Hujsko, Podupce). The second group consists of place names whose obscene or humorous character is recognisable only by those with relevant linguistic knowledge and awareness (e.g. Przedrzymiechy, Pukarzów, Tarzymiechy). The third and final group contains names whose potentially ridiculous and humorous character is present only when accompanied by a broader text and context of an utterance (e.g. Nielisz, Niemce, Cyców)
„Społeczeństwo jako ciało jest pęknięte”. Zabiegi stylizacyjne w dialogach Małgorzaty Szumowskiej i Michała Englerta na przykładzie filmów Body/Ciało i Twarz
Full text linkThe aim of this article is to present an overview of the stylistic measures identifiable in the dialogues of two films whose screenplays were written by Małgorzata Szumowska and Michał Englert – Body (2015) and Mug (2017). The analysis of linguistic and stylistic means has been organised into three categories that can be used to describe the work of this script-writing duo (in line with Adam Kruk’s critical proposition): deliberate schematicity, social hearing (as a metaphor for social sensitivity) and mockery. In the linguistic layer of these films, schematicity comes to the fore through the accumulation of homogeneous linguistic means (especially from the emotional register of colloquial Polish) and contrasting juxtapositions of various social variants of the language. The social hearing of Szumowska and Englert is revealed especially through the presence of linguistic templates, and mockery – in the linguistic joke and in the openly mocking statements of some of the characters. The analysis shows that the dialogues are another testimony to the stylish separateness of Szumowska and Englert and one of the ways to portray Poland as full of internal divisions.The aim of this article is to present an overview of the stylistic measures identifiable in the dialogues of two films whose screenplays were written by Małgorzata Szumowska and Michał Englert – Body (2015) and Mug (2017). The analysis of linguistic and stylistic means has been organised into three categories that can be used to describe the work of this script-writing duo (in line with Adam Kruk’s critical proposition): deliberate schematicity, social hearing (as a metaphor for social sensitivity) and mockery. In the linguistic layer of these films, schematicity comes to the fore through the accumulation of homogeneous linguistic means (especially from the emotional register of colloquial Polish) and contrasting juxtapositions of various social variants of the language. The social hearing of Szumowska and Englert is revealed especially through the presence of linguistic templates, and mockery – in the linguistic joke and in the openly mocking statements of some of the characters. The analysis shows that the dialogues are another testimony to the stylish separateness of Szumowska and Englert and one of the ways to portray Poland as full of internal divisions
Współczesne zmiany kulturowo-komunikacyjne a język prawa. Uwagi na marginesie propozycji nowego modelu uzasadnienia orzeczeń sądowych
Full text linkThe subject of the article is the structure and linguistic shape of a specific type of legal genre – the reasons for the judgement. The authors, as members of the project and training team, actively participate in the transformation of the communication standards for the Polish judiciary community. They work with the assumption that the long-standing tradition of legal communication is hermetic and results in texts which are uncommunicative and unintelligible to an average reader. In the article, the authors present the social, media, linguistic and communication contexts of such texts. They emphasise their retropical character and indicate the possible direction of changes towards less hermetic and more everyday communication experiences, closer to the average reader. In the conclusion, they underline the importance of the intelligibility of a text as the basic parameter of effective communication and advocate for a systemic change of contemporary legal communication. Based on the texts of reasons for the judgement, they show that such a change is possible as long as it is accepted by the judiciary community in the first place.The subject of the article is the structure and linguistic shape of a specific type of legal genre – the reasons for the judgement. The authors, as members of the project and training team, actively participate in the transformation of the communication standards for the Polish judiciary community. They work with the assumption that the long-standing tradition of legal communication is hermetic and results in texts which are uncommunicative and unintelligible to an average reader. In the article, the authors present the social, media, linguistic and communication contexts of such texts. They emphasise their retropical character and indicate the possible direction of changes towards less hermetic and more everyday communication experiences, closer to the average reader. In the conclusion, they underline the importance of the intelligibility of a text as the basic parameter of effective communication and advocate for a systemic change of contemporary legal communication. Based on the texts of reasons for the judgement, they show that such a change is possible as long as it is accepted by the judiciary community in the first place
Prawnie istotne aspekty interpretacji językoznawczej – przykład 2: zakres znaczeniowy leksemu zboczeniec (i czy jest nim homoseksualista?)
Full text linkIn the article, I discuss the legal aspects of language: using linguistic analyses for the benefit of the courts. I discuss linguists’ court communication situation and the expectations towards them. The starting point is one exemplary court case in which an expert linguist was appointed to issue an opinion on the evidence. The conclusions fall into two categories: linguistics and forensic science. Linguistic conclusions, developed in accordance with traditional methods of lexicographic analysis and lexicological and semantic analysis, are not necessarily (because they would not have to be) innovative for linguists. It was more important to show the situation of a linguist in court, the structure of judicial opinion and the procedures for building the linguistic response to a process inquiry as seen from the forensic perspective. In the article, I discuss the legal aspects of language: using linguistic analyses for the benefit of the courts. I discuss linguists’ court communication situation and the expectations towards them. The starting point is one exemplary court case in which an expert linguist was appointed to issue an opinion on the evidence. The conclusions fall into two categories: linguistics and forensic science. Linguistic conclusions, developed in accordance with traditional methods of lexicographic analysis and lexicological and semantic analysis, are not necessarily (because they would not have to be) innovative for linguists. It was more important to show the situation of a linguist in court, the structure of judicial opinion and the procedures for building the linguistic response to a process inquiry as seen from the forensic perspective. 
Морфо-синтаксическая структура коммуникативных ситуаций каузации радости (на материале польского языка) Эмоции
Full text linkThe article analyses the morphological and syntactic expression of the causator (or cause) in the communicative situations of causation of joy in the Polish language. By causation we mean the semantic category which expresses the causal relationships between the fundamentals of non-linguistic reality. The purpose of this study is to analyse the syntactic structure of communicative situations of causation of joy, on the semantic level of which there are such actants as: agent, experiencer, causator (or cause). All of the analysed constructions were divided into three groups: agentive split constructions, agentive unsplit constructions and non-agentive constructions. Split constructions refer to those in which the agent and causator are separate actants, while unsplit ones refer to those in which these semantic roles are combined into one actant. The results of the study show that the most numerous group among the examples is that of non-agentive constructions.The article analyses the morphological and syntactic expression of the causator (or cause) in the communicative situations of causation of joy in the Polish language. By causation we mean the semantic category which expresses the causal relationships between the fundamentals of non-linguistic reality. The purpose of this study is to analyse the syntactic structure of communicative situations of causation of joy, on the semantic level of which there are such actants as: agent, experiencer, causator (or cause). All of the analysed constructions were divided into three groups: agentive split constructions, agentive unsplit constructions and non-agentive constructions. Split constructions refer to those in which the agent and causator are separate actants, while unsplit ones refer to those in which these semantic roles are combined into one actant. The results of the study show that the most numerous group among the examples is that of non-agentive constructions
Normatywna i semantyczna konstrukcja winy w polskim prawie karnym. Językoznawcze uwagi de lege ferenda
Full text linkThe aim of the article is to analyse the normative concept of guilt currently adopted by the Polish legislator from the semantic perspective. Under Polish law, imputation of a perpetrator of a criminal act is a prerequisite for incurring criminal liability. The perpetrator who cannot be blamed is not punishable and is not treated as a criminal. The legislator distinguishes two forms of guilt: intentional, which is synonymous with intention, and unintentional. Both intentional and intentional guilt are subject to further gradations in the Act, which often raises serious difficulties in judicial practice. In the article, the author strives to formulate the linguistic postulates de lege ferenda, which helps avoid interpretation doubts by changing the wording of language related to the construction of guilt in criminal law.The aim of the article is to analyse the normative concept of guilt currently adopted by the Polish legislator from the semantic perspective. Under Polish law, imputation of a perpetrator of a criminal act is a prerequisite for incurring criminal liability. The perpetrator who cannot be blamed is not punishable and is not treated as a criminal. The legislator distinguishes two forms of guilt: intentional, which is synonymous with intention, and unintentional. Both intentional and intentional guilt are subject to further gradations in the Act, which often raises serious difficulties in judicial practice. In the article, the author strives to formulate the linguistic postulates de lege ferenda, which helps avoid interpretation doubts by changing the wording of language related to the construction of guilt in criminal law