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Dalla tutela ambientale in Costituzione alla responsabilità politica (anche) verso le future generazioni? Detti e non-detti di un principio di origine giurisprudenziale
No full textWith the constitutional reform of 2022, \u27future generations\u27 make their appearance in the Italian Constitutional text. The reference to future generations had already been developed by the Constitutional Court, founding this reference in the Constitutional Law No. 1/2012 to implement the sound management of public finances, together with the related principle of \u27political responsibility\u27 in the exercise of elective office. Comparing the two constitutional revisions, the essay aims to reflect on the existence and implications of a principle of an objective political responsibility towards the new generations in respect of the new ecological purposes included in the Constitution.Con la riforma costituzionale del 2022 fanno la loro apparizione nel Testo costituzionale le “generazioni future”, nel cui interesse la Repubblica si impegna a tutelare l’ambiente e l’ecosistema. Il riferimento alle generazioni future già era stato sviluppato dalla Corte costituzionale, a partire dalla legge costituzionale n. 1/2012, per implementare una sana gestione delle finanze pubbliche, insieme al correlato principio di “responsabilità politica” nell’esercizio dei mandati elettivi. Il saggio, mettendo in parallelo le due revisioni costituzionali, tenta di riflettere sull’esistenza e le implicazioni di un principio di responsabilità politica nei confronti delle nuove generazioni, che si caratterizza per essere un principio oggettivizzato e finalizzato al perseguimento dei nuovi scopi ecologici inseriti in Costituzione
Le tonalità dell’ambiente e le generazioni future nel cammino di riforma della Costituzione
No full textThe constitutional reform of Articles 9 and 41 of the Constitution introduce expressly in the Italian Constitution the notions of “environment,” “ecosystem,” and “future generations”. The path that led most recently to the amendment of the Constitution was structured, on closer inspection, in the extensive constitutional jurisprudence that recognized the environment as a constitutional value and in the dialogue with international charters and catalogues that have moved in the direction of sustainability and green transition. Reference is also introduced to the protection of animals, which is transferred to the exclusive legislative competence of the state. Thus, the axiological paradigm that is the benchmark for assessing the reasonableness of public policies is changed.Con la riforma costituzionale degli articoli 9 e 41 della Costituzione si introducono espressamente nel testo costituzionale le nozioni di “ambiente”, “ecosistema” e di “generazioni future”. Il percorso che ha portato da ultimo alla modificazione della Costituzione si è strutturato a ben vedere nella nutrita giurisprudenza costituzionale che ha riconosciuto all’ambiente la natura di valore costituzionale e nel dialogo con le carte e i cataloghi internazionali che si sono mossi nel segno della sostenibilità e della transizione verde. Si introduce, altresì, il riferimento alla tutela degli animali, che viene rimessa alla competenza legislativa esclusiva dello Stato. Si modifica, pertanto, il paradigma assiologico che costituisce il parametro di riferimento per la valutazione della ragionevolezza delle politiche pubbliche
GDPR and Ethereum Blockchain: a Compatibility Assessment
Get PDFBlockchain technology could bring many advantages to our society, in many different areas. In particular, it could improve individuals’ control over their data. Through blockchain, data could be shared easily and in a secure way among different actors, thus preventing its accumulation in single points of failure. As the use of blockchain technology becomes widespread, its compatibility with Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (the General Data Protection Regulation, ‘GDPR’ or ‘Regulation’ hereafter) has emerged as a point of tension. Some have argued that blockchain pursues the same objectives as the GDPR, but it does so in ways which are different from those established by the Regulation. This is mainly due to the fact that the Regulation implies a centralized data collection system, where it is possible to single out an accountable central entity, against which users’ rights have to be safeguarded. Whereas, in public permissionless blockchain projects, the network is decentralized, no single entity is responsible for it, and the decision-making power is shared among different stakeholders. It has been argued that this incompatibility, and the resulting regulatory uncertainty, will asphyxiate the development of this technology. Being the Ethereum blockchain the one which, at the time of writing, promises to be the most suitable to be adopted in a variety of use cases, this paper assesses whether, having regard to the allocation of GDPR responsibility roles, to the legal bases and principles of data processing, and to the data subject’s rights, it is possible to consider the Ethereum blockchain GDPR-compatible.Blockchain technology could bring many advantages to our society, in many different areas. In particular, it could improve individuals’ control over their data. Through blockchain, data could be shared easily and in a secure way among different actors, thus preventing its accumulation in single points of failure. As the use of blockchain technology becomes widespread, its compatibility with Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (the General Data Protection Regulation, ‘GDPR’ or ‘Regulation’ hereafter) has emerged as a point of tension. Some have argued that blockchain pursues the same objectives as the GDPR, but it does so in ways which are different from those established by the Regulation. This is mainly due to the fact that the Regulation implies a centralized data collection system, where it is possible to single out an accountable central entity, against which users’ rights have to be safeguarded. Whereas, in public permissionless blockchain projects, the network is decentralized, no single entity is responsible for it, and the decision-making power is shared among different stakeholders. It has been argued that this incompatibility, and the resulting regulatory uncertainty, will asphyxiate the development of this technology. Being the Ethereum blockchain the one which, at the time of writing, promises to be the most suitable to be adopted in a variety of use cases, this paper assesses whether, having regard to the allocation of GDPR responsibility roles, to the legal bases and principles of data processing, and to the data subject’s rights, it is possible to consider the Ethereum blockchain GDPR-compatible
Are Top-down Approaches of Transitional Justice Enough to Deliver Justice? To what extent can transitional justice from below tackle the contemporary problems of doing justice after mass violence?
Get PDFThe aim of the article is to shed light on the values of transitional justice from below: this peculiar approach fits in the whole process of transition towards democracy, peace, and reconciliation and constitutes a praiseworthy course of action to deliver justice after mass atrocities have been perpetrated during a conflict. To begin with, the “bottom-up approach” will be analyzed. Secondly, the article will consider the specular “top-down approach” by pointing out its deficiencies. The call for an enriched transitional process that considers the needs and the will of the affected communities comes from civil society itself; if not, it is feared that the whole process might be perceived as illegitimate, compromising the entire transition. In fact, civil society, in its various forms, is a key player that can benefit the transitional process. After these introductory remarks, the article tries to investigate the ideal role that civil society should play when governmental institutions of a particular country obstruct, or at least, do not undertake, initiatives of transitional justice. It goes without saying that not even bottom-up initiatives are free from criticism.The aim of the article is to shed light on the values of transitional justice from below: this peculiar approach fits in the whole process of transition towards democracy, peace, and reconciliation and constitutes a praiseworthy course of action to deliver justice after mass atrocities have been perpetrated during a conflict. To begin with, the “bottom-up approach” will be analyzed. Secondly, the article will consider the specular “top-down approach” by pointing out its deficiencies. The call for an enriched transitional process that considers the needs and the will of the affected communities comes from civil society itself; if not, it is feared that the whole process might be perceived as illegitimate, compromising the entire transition. In fact, civil society, in its various forms, is a key player that can benefit the transitional process. After these introductory remarks, the article tries to investigate the ideal role that civil society should play when governmental institutions of a particular country obstruct, or at least, do not undertake, initiatives of transitional justice. It goes without saying that not even bottom-up initiatives are free from criticism
«A voice answering a voice»: Il dialogo della poesia in Virginia Woolf
Get PDF“Was not writing poetry a secret transaction, a voice answering a voice?” (Orlando). This apparently rhetorical question is, on the contrary, a challenge to explore the dialogic nature of poetry, and concerns a variety of discourses on “the poetical” that have characterized the literary and philosophical scene of the 20thCentury. This essay focusses on Martin Heidegger’s observations on language and on some of Gilles Deleuze’s views on literature, and aims to show that they are instrumental to a novel understanding of Woolf’s works and vice versa. A philosophical approach to Virginia Woolf’s universally acknowledged masterpieces, such as To the Lighthouse, The Waves, Orlando, Mrs Dalloway, allows an assessment of the conceptual depth of her writing, while it sheds light on the poetic quality of her novels, as well. Moreover, it makes clear why Virginia Woolf belongs to the “poets” that have influenced some of the major philosophers of the age. This interpretative exchange between contemporary literature and philosophy confirms - and this is the main thesis of this essay - that thought and poetry intrinsically convoke each other, and that they belong to each other.
"Della scienza e dell\u27arte nell\u27educazione" di Thomas Henry Huxley: Un modello unitario di cultura tra armonia e verità
No full textThe unabridged Italian translation of the essay On Science and Art in Relation to Education (1883) by Thomas Henry Huxley is offered here, acknowledging that translation may contribute to the construction of acultural discourse, through the selection of foreign texts which prove to illuminate themes perceived as crucial in the target context [Venuti]. Indeed, this essay proposes an ideal of culture connoted by the coexistence of the various branches of knowledge. The target text is preceded by an introduction, which analyses the essay within the context of the 19th-century debate on education and discusses the translation strategies adopted.Nella consapevolezza che la trasposizione di un testo straniero concorre a illuminare temi utili a costruire un discorso culturale nel contesto di arrivo[Venuti], il contributo propone la traduzione integrale in italiano del saggio On Science and Art in Relation to Education (1883) di Thomas Henry Huxley. L’autore offre infatti un modello di cultura fondato sull’intersezione tra i diversi campi del sapere. La traduzione è accompagnata da una nota introduttiva, in cui si analizza il saggio nell’alveo del dibattito ottocentesco sull’educazione e si discutono le strategie impiegate per tradurre la prosa di Huxley
Tradurre l\u27Ecclesiaste nel Cinquecento: la versione in ottave di Giovanni Antonio Fenice
Get PDFThis paper presents an almost unknown translation in stanzas of the book of Ecclesiastes, prepared in the second half of the 16th century by Giovanni Antonio Fenice. Information on the author, an overview of the text\u27s editions, and some reflections on the translational practice of Fenice are provided.Il contributo presenta una poco nota traduzione in ottave dell’Ecclesiaste, allestita nel secondo Cinquecento da Giovanni Antonio Fenice. Vengono fornite informazioni sull’autore, una panoramica delle redazioni del testo, e alcune riflessioni sulla prassi traduttoria di Fenice
«Water is our element»: Metaphors of the Sea and Water in Margaret Atwood\u27s The Penelopiad
Get PDFThe sea was omnipresent in many parts of ancient Western life, and Greek mythology is rich in tales of female gods or mortals assisting—or hindering—humans in their struggle with the sea. Atwood’s The Penelopiad (2005) is one of the most recent rewrites of Greek mythology to depart from a male-oriented perspective, as it tells the story of Homer’s epic from the perspective of Penelope. This article will analyse the literary representations of sea and water, as well as the relationship between women and the sea, through a stylistic analysis of sea- and water-related conceptual metaphors in The Penelopiad and its Italian translation by Margherita Crepax (2018). Atwood shares some of the contradictory view of classic symbolism, in which the sea is both a maternal symbol of creation and the boundary between life and death. However, she also redefines the traditional perspective through the use of anthropomorphism, which transforms water into a postfeminist metaphor that, rather than being empowering, critically highlights women’s current situation in society.Nell’antichità occidentale la vita era dominata dalla presenza del mare, come dimostrato dai numerosi racconti della mitologia greca in cui gli umani lo combattono, soccorsi – oppure ostacolati – da dee o donne mortali. The Penelopiad (2005) di Margaret Atwood è una delle recenti riscritture del mito greco che, allontanandosi dalla prospettiva maschile, racconta l’epica di Omero dal punto di vista di Penelope. Questo contributo esaminerà le rappresentazioni letterarie dell’acqua e del mare e le relazioni con i personaggi femminili attraverso un’analisi stilistica delle metafore concettuali legate al mare e all’acqua in The Penelopiad e nella sua traduzione italiana (Margherita Crepax, 2018). Atwood mantiene alcune contraddizioni del simbolismo classico, per il quale il mare è sia l’emblema materno della creazione sia il confine tra la vita e la morte, ma allo stesso tempo lo rinnova. Atwood ricorre infatti all’antropomorfismo e rende l’acqua una metafora post-femminista tramite la quale denunciare lo stato della donna nella società contemporanea
Ammissibilità/inammissibilità
No full text Con la sentenza n. 50 del 2022 la Corte costituzionale si è pronunciata sull’inammissibilità del referendum sull’art. 580 del codice penale. La rilevanza dell’argomento affrontato e la particolare attualità del dibattito sulle scelte di fine vita rappresentano l’occasione per un approfondimento su alcune questioni affrontate nella decisione. BioLaw Journal – Rivista di BioDiritto ha proposto ad alcuni esperti una riflessione su quattro binomi intorno ai quali ruota l’argomentazione della Corte (ammissibilità e inammissibilità; vulnerabilità e autodeterminazione; volontà popolare e ir/responsabilità istituzionale; disponibilità e indisponibilità della vita)
La scelta della Corte costituzionale colombiana di depenalizzare l’aborto entro la ventiquattresima settimana e la sua rilevanza rispetto ai diritti sessuali e riproduttivi delle donne
No full textThis article examines the sentence delivered by Colombia’s Constitutional Court C-055/2022. With this decision, the Court partially decriminalizes the crime of abortion provided by Art. 122 of Colombia’s Criminal Code, which was sanctioned in all circumstances except those indicated in the same provision. These exceptions, which already indicated a certain openness to the recognition of women’s sexual and reproductive rights, were included through the decision of Court C-355 of 2006. The comment addresses the evolution of the Court’s decisions and the reasons for the partial decriminalization of article 122 of the Criminal Code: from socio-cultural development, as represented by the various regional pro-voluntary abortion movements, to the need for consistent legislation at all levels, whether national, regional, or international.Il presente contributo prende in esame la sentenza emanata dalla Corte costituzionale colombiana C-055 del 2022. Con questa pronuncia la Corte depenalizza parzialmente il reato di aborto previsto dall’art. 122 del Codice Penale della Colombia, il quale veniva originariamente sanzionato con la reclusione da sedici a cinquantaquattro mesi in tutti i casi in cui l’interruzione volontaria della gravidanza fosse avvenuta al di fuori delle eccezioni previste dalla stessa norma. Queste scriminanti, che già rappresentavano una certa apertura verso il riconoscimento dei diritti sessuali e riproduttivi delle donne, erano state inserite all’interno della fattispecie per mezzo del precedente della Corte C-355 del 2006 per diverse ragioni. Il commento affronta l’evoluzione delle decisioni della Corte e i motivi di fondo della parziale decriminalizzazione dell’art. 122 c.p.: dallo sviluppo socio-culturale, rappresentato dalla nascita di diversi movimenti regionali a favore dell’interruzione volontaria della gravidanza; all’esigenza di dotarsi di una normativa coerente a ogni livello, che sia nazionale, regionale o internazionale