Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja
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Troska o wellbeing matek jako antidotum wobec rezygnacji z rodzicielstwa młodych dorosłych
No full textThe aim of the article is to show the role of the mother in the eyes of young people in the context of their procreation plans. Based on available research reports, they notice a decrease in interest in having a child, which, according to sociologists and psychologists, results from many different reasons. The presented analysis assumes that the mother’s image may contribute to this condition. Her role in the children’s lives is extremely important and she enjoys great authority in their eyes, giving them the support they need, but this involves certain costs on her part. The text refers to the results of existing research, from which emerges a picture of a tired, stressed mother who does not have time to take care of her health and other important needs, which may largely contribute to the decline in interest in copying such a pattern by young people who may not feel ready to make a similar sacrifice. The key point in this study is to point out the need to take broadly understood care aimed at the well-being of mothers – starting from themselves, so that they are more likely to take into account their own health, well-being and satisfaction, to broader social awareness and a whole range of activities in many fields of social life – so their children could see them primarily as happy women and have such an image of their own future
Algorithm literacy of Polish students of selected faculties in social sciences and humanities
No full textThe widespread use and impact of algorithms on almost every aspect of the individual and the society is a significant challenge to the modern world. For effective and informed functioning in today’s societies we need algorithm literacy. The development of algorithm literacy must be present in the educational process not only in engineering schools, but also (if not primarily) in the cultural and social studies focused on contemporary cultural changes. Our research focused on the latter. The Algorithm Literacy Scale for Internet Users was used to measure and compare the algorithm literacy of Polish students from three faculties: Architecture of Information Spaces (University of Warsaw), Information in a Digital Environment, speciality: Information Management (University of Łódź), Sociology, speciality: Individual and Contemporary Culture (University of Łódź).The research had the following goals:• Preliminary assessment of algorithm literacy among Polish students of selected faculties.• Testing the Algorithm Literacy Scale for Internet Users in the Polish context and its critical analysis.• Verifying if students acquired any knowledge on algorithms during their studies.The study found that:• There are minor differences in algorithm literacy between faculties, and that some elements of algorithmic awareness and knowledge are widespread, observed in over 90% of respondents, whileothers – limited, observed in 30% or less of respondents.• Form of some items on Algorithm Literacy Scale for Internet Users might be unclear and rephrasing should be considered.• Only six percent of surveyed students indicated university classes as a source of algorithm awareness and knowledge.The widespread use and impact of algorithms on almost every aspect of the individual and the society is a significant challenge to the modern world. For effective and informed functioning in today’s societies we need algorithm literacy. The development of algorithm literacy must be present in the educational process not only in engineering schools, but also (if not primarily) in the cultural and social studies focused on contemporary cultural changes. Our research focused on the latter. The Algorithm Literacy Scale for Internet Users was used to measure and compare the algorithm literacy of Polish students from three faculties: Architecture of Information Spaces (University of Warsaw), Information in a Digital Environment, speciality: Information Management (University of Łódź), Sociology, speciality: Individual and Contemporary Culture (University of Łódź).The research had the following goals:• Preliminary assessment of algorithm literacy among Polish students of selected faculties.• Testing the Algorithm Literacy Scale for Internet Users in the Polish context and its critical analysis.• Verifying if students acquired any knowledge on algorithms during their studies.The study found that:• There are minor differences in algorithm literacy between faculties, and that some elements of algorithmic awareness and knowledge are widespread, observed in over 90% of respondents, while others – limited, observed in 30% or less of respondents.• Form of some items on Algorithm Literacy Scale for Internet Users might be unclear and rephrasing should be considered.• Only six percent of surveyed students indicated university classes as a source of algorithm awareness and knowledge
Kreowanie zachowań prozdrowotnych i antyzdrowotnych w kontekście stylu życia jako determinantu zdrowia
No full textAmong the factors determining health, the most important is lifestyle. An adult can influence what his or her life will be like by developing health habits acquired in childhood or by changing them over the course of gaining experience. The lifestyle developed by humans is associated with the creation of both positive and negative health behaviors. The most important healthy behaviors are not using stimulants, including drugs and alcohol, eating healthy, being physically active, taking care of your mental state, avoiding stress and finding ways to deal with it.The development of health behaviors is influenced by many factors, including: family, peer environment, personality, media. To keep your health in the best possible condition, you should lead a healthy lifestyle and change bad habits
Jak wspierać wspierających? Wolontaryjny zryw społeczny na rzecz uchodźców wojennych z Ukrainy – analiza tematyczna doświadczenia wolontariatu i jej implikacje praktyczne
No full textThe aim of the study was to learn the personal perspective of the experience of providing aid by volunteers involved in help for refugees from Ukraine who came to Polish in February 2022. The particular interest were the emotions experienced by volunteers in the circumstances of providing assistance at reception points located at railway stations in the capital of Poland, where people fleeing the war could receive support in the initial period of the invasion in Ukraine. The study was carried out in accordance with the assumptions of the phenomenological approach, which allows to describe the phenomenon by the meaning given to it by the respondents. The data collected was compiled with thematic analysis techniques. As a result, ten topics were distinguished, including: experiences related to the war and volunteer activities, the image of Ukrainians coming to Poland, motives for taking up help and satisfaction derived from it, the importance of the support of relatives and a group of cooperating volunteers for regulating emotions accompanying volunteer activity. Participants were strongly affected by the outbreak of the war, although they differed in the intensity of their fear for Polish safety and their commitment to following information about the war. They had a positive image of Ukrainians, due to their perceived cultural similarity to Poles. Listening to the refugees’ stories was particularly emotionally difficult for those who spoke Russian. Participants felt a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction from helping. An important benefit of volunteering was the bonds with other volunteers, which also served as mutual support and a source of strategies for regulating negative emotions. The study presents examples of good practices used by Polish NGOs carrying out volunteering, as well as provides practical implications useful in planning psychological support for people helping refugees and in other areas of volunteer assistance.The aim of the study was to learn the personal perspective of the experience of providing aid by volunteers involved in help for refugees from Ukraine who came to Polish in February 2022. The particular interest were the emotions experienced by volunteers in the circumstances of providing assistance at reception points located at railway stations in the capital of Poland, where people fleeing the war could receive support in the initial period of the invasion in Ukraine. The study was carried out in accordance with the assumptions of the phenomenological approach, which allows to describe the phenomenon by the meaning given to it by the respondents. The data collected was compiled with thematic analysis techniques. As a result, ten topics were distinguished, including: experiences related to the war and volunteer activities, the image of Ukrainians coming to Poland, motives for taking up help and satisfaction derived from it, the importance of the support of relatives and a group of cooperating volunteers for regulating emotions accompanying volunteer activity. Participants were strongly affected by the outbreak of the war, although they differed in the intensity of their fear for Polish safety and their commitment to following information about the war. They had a positive image of Ukrainians, due to their perceived cultural similarity to Poles. Listening to the refugees’ stories was particularly emotionally difficult for those who spoke Russian. Participants felt a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction from helping. An important benefit of volunteering was the bonds with other volunteers, which also served as mutual support and a source of strategies for regulating negative emotions. The study presents examples of good practices used by Polish NGOs carrying out volunteering, as well as provides practical implications useful in planning psychological support for people helping refugees and in other areas of volunteer assistance
Folk songs from Warmia and Mazury in the work of early education teachers in developing regional identity of pupils in classes I–III
No full textWarmia and Mazury are distinct historical regions whose traditions are used in early school education as carriers of regional culture, e.g. fairy tales and folk songs. The aim of this study was to establish what role do folk songs play in shaping students’ identity in the experiences of early childhood education teachers? Qualitative research was based on individual, partly guided, problem-focused interviews.Interviews were conducted with seven early childhood education teachers from the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodeship. The respondents point to a specific organization of the educational process with the use of folk songs and identify specific elements occurring in the process of implementing folk songs, which play an important role in shaping the regional identity of students in grades I–III: information about folk heroes, songs and dance games; the stories of the works’ creation; rhyming and easily catchy phrases. The development of identity in children is reinforced by the acquisition of the ability to be rooted culturally and to adapt the elements of regional songs to the present reality in which they function. The regional identity developed in this manner is stronger if the process of stimulation by the local culture – children in contact with the local tradition and history – is longer. Fairy folk songs should be permanently embedded in the education process in classes I–III.Warmia and Mazury are distinct historical regions whose traditions are used in early school education as carriers of regional culture, e.g. fairy tales and folk songs. The aim of this study was to establish what role do folk songs play in shaping students’ identity in the experiences of early childhood education teachers? Qualitative research was based on individual, partly guided, problem-focused interviews.Interviews were conducted with seven early childhood education teachers from the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodeship. The respondents point to a specific organization of the educational process with the use of folk songs and identify specific elements occurring in the process of implementing folk songs, which play an important role in shaping the regional identity of students in grades I–III: information about folk heroes, songs and dance games; the stories of the works’ creation; rhyming and easily catchy phrases. The development of identity in children is reinforced by the acquisition of the ability to be rooted culturally and to adapt the elements of regional songs to the present reality in which they function. The regional identity developed in this manner is stronger if the process of stimulation by the local culture – children in contact with the local tradition and history – is longer. Fairy folk songs should be permanently embedded in the education process in classes I–III
Dobrostan psychiczny jako predyktor szczęścia według teorii psychologicznych
No full textAccording to the World Health Organization data in 2019, 301 million people were affected by anxiety disorders, and 280 million were grappling with various forms of depression. In the same year, almost a billion individuals, including 14 percent of teenagers, experienced issues related to mental well-being. The above statistics do not inspire optimism and clearly indicate a deteriorating global mental health situation. In contrast to mental health crises stands psychological well-being, with one of its main determinants being mental well-being. The sense of well-being or its absence applies to every individual, making it an intriguing subject. Despite geographical, cultural, socio-economic, and even genetic differences, everyone aspires to mental well-being. Delving into the concept of well-being is a crucial step in the journey towards personal happiness and satisfaction. Through a deeper understanding of what influences our individual sense of well-being, we can better tailor our actions and life goals to our own needs and values. The article presents various psychological concepts related to well-being, including positive psychology and health psychology, personality theories, Janusz Czapiński’s onion model of happiness, Aaron Antonovski’s salutogenic model, perspectives from gerontology, with a special focus on Lars Tornstam’s theory of gerotranscendence, and considerations from the standpoint of workplace well-being
Who am I? Sense of identity of Portuguese university students in a socio-ecological perspective
No full textThe transition to adulthood, in Portugal as in most countries, has undergone profound changes in the last decades. They are mostly related to the extension of educational paths and the later and less linear entry into the labor market. Emerging adulthood (EA) resulted from a context of long school journeys, uncertain and precarious transitions to the labor market, and postponed life projects such as autonomy regarding family of origin, marriage or parenthood. One of the key features of this developmental phase is identity exploration. It involves experiencing a dynamic process of exploration and reflection in both: individual aspects and socio-ecological contexts. This study explores the self-identification of Portuguese students, based on the assumptions of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model. The aim of the study was to analyse the development of an individual’s sense of identity resulting from participation in the surrounding socio-cultural conditions. The surveyed psychology students (N = 107) aged between 20–25 (M = 21.4;SD = 1.44), mostly female (94.4%) provided answers to the question Who am I? using the TST (Twenty Statement Test) by Kuhn and McPartland. The collected material was analysed using qualitative content analysis with categories defined according to Bronfenbrenner’s model. Results suggest that surveyed EAs defined themselves mostly according to individual features, in particular personality, character and emotional states. Surprisingly, frequently, participants identified themselves as someone who is involved in social relations above the microsystems and with nature (mesosystem categories). Identifications of microsystem sources also seem to play an important role in the way participants described themselves, in particular as a friend and/or peer, as a family member, as a student, and as an aspiring professional. The least valued ecological systems were the exosystem (e.g. membership of an organisation) and macrosystem (e.g. nationality).The transition to adulthood, in Portugal as in most countries, has undergone profound changes in the last decades. They are mostly related to the extension of educational paths and the later and less linear entry into the labor market. Emerging adulthood (EA) resulted from a context of long school journeys, uncertain and precarious transitions to the labor market, and postponed life projects such as autonomy regarding family of origin, marriage or parenthood. One of the key features of this developmental phase is identity exploration. It involves experiencing a dynamic process of exploration and reflection in both: individual aspects and socio-ecological contexts. This study explores the self-identification of Portuguese students, based on the assumptions of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model. The aim of the study was to analyse the development of an individual’s sense of identity resulting from participation in the surrounding socio-cultural conditions. The surveyed psychology students (N = 107) aged between 20–25 (M = 21.4;SD = 1.44), mostly female (94.4%) provided answers to the question Who am I? using the TST (Twenty Statement Test) by Kuhn and McPartland. The collected material was analysed using qualitative content analysis with categories defined according to Bronfenbrenner’s model. Results suggest that surveyed EAs defined themselves mostly according to individual features, in particular personality, character and emotional states. Surprisingly, frequently, participants identified themselves as someone who is involved in social relations above the microsystems and with nature (mesosystem categories). Identifications of microsystem sources also seem to play an important role in the way participants described themselves, in particular as a friend and/or peer, as a family member, as a student, and as an aspiring professional. The least valued ecological systems were the exosystem (e.g. membership of an organisation) and macrosystem (e.g. nationality)
Rozwój społeczny człowieka oraz znaczenie relacji interpersonalnych w życiu adolescentów
No full textBackground: As a social being, humans require contact and interaction with other individuals for proper development at each stage. This dependence is conditioned by multiple factors, such as the necessity to fulfill the mandatory life needs, among which the need to affiliate deserves special attention: that is, the need to belong to a social circle, a community, inside which an individual unit exists and functions every day. One developmental stage where interpersonal relationships receive a deeper meaning is the adolescence period, during which relationships that have existed since childhood undergo a certain kind of transformation.Methods: This is an overview of interpersonal relationships of adolescents, based on available databases. This article aimed to explore the essence of the social functioning of adolescents. Results: The social functioning of teenagers is characterized by an increasing autonomy regarding their parents and caregivers The adolescents on their development path are more and more intensely underlining their place in society as well as their willingness to participate in the social space according to the rules they set, which often leads to intergenerational conflicts. In the life of an adolescent, the most important interpersonal relationships are those established during contact with a peer group. This group, due to its characteristics and developmental potential, serves a range of functions that no other social group can provide to a growing adolescent. Said functions include, among others: the function of organizing free time, the function of egalitarianism of the social group, the function of value distribution, and the function of providing an emotional and psychological background to a young adult. During the growing period, friendly relationships established between two adolescents become increasingly crucial. These relationships frequently pre-intimate features, becoming the potential basis for further romantic relationships formed not only during adolescence but also further down the life of the individual. This article clearly shows the key role of social development in the period of adolescence, as well as in the perspective of the whole human life.Background: As a social being, humans require contact and interaction with other individuals for proper development at each stage. This dependence is conditioned by multiple factors, such as the necessity to fulfill the mandatory life needs, among which the need to affiliate deserves special attention: that is, the need to belong to a social circle, a community, inside which an individual unit exists and functions every day. One developmental stage where interpersonal relationships receive a deeper meaning is the adolescence period, during which relationships that have existed since childhood undergo a certain kind of transformation.Methods: This is an overview of interpersonal relationships of adolescents, based on available databases. This article aimed to explore the essence of the social functioning of adolescents. Results: The social functioning of teenagers is characterized by an increasing autonomy regarding their parents and caregivers The adolescents on their development path are more and more intensely underlining their place in society as well as their willingness to participate in the social space according to the rules they set, which often leads to intergenerational conflicts. In the life of an adolescent, the most important interpersonal relationships are those established during contact with a peer group. This group, due to its characteristics and developmental potential, serves a range of functions that no other social group can provide to a growing adolescent. Said functions include, among others: the function of organizing free time, the function of egalitarianism of the social group, the function of value distribution, and the function of providing an emotional and psychological background to a young adult. During the growing period, friendly relationships established between two adolescents become increasingly crucial. These relationships frequently pre-intimate features, becoming the potential basis for further romantic relationships formed not only during adolescence but also further down the life of the individual. This article clearly shows the key role of social development in the period of adolescence, as well as in the perspective of the whole human life
Jane Austen i Elizabeth Bennet – o wizerunku kobiecości w wybranych adaptacjach filmowych Dumy i uprzedzenia
No full textAim: The article attempts a multifaceted analysis of the portrayal of female characters in selected film adaptations of Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice.Problem: The primary goal of the article was to address two research questions: how the world created by the author has been translated into the audiovisual realm of film, and whether, amidst changes in socio-cultural perceptions of women’s roles from the 1940s to contemporary times, the visual and characterological traits of the film’s main character, Elizabeth Bennet from Jane Austen’s novel, have also evolved.Method: Utilizing content analysis techniques, the study interpreted the depiction of the main character from three selected film adaptations created in different time periods – the 1940s, the 1990s, and the first decade of the 21st century.Results: The analysis indicates that the chosen film adaptations of Pride and Prejudice from 1940, 1995, and 2005 employ diverse patterns, cultural currents, and ideologies in shaping the main female character – ranging from typical screwball comedy, through classical British adaptations incorporating sexual aspects of the characters presented, to a romantic view of literary models. The 1995 BBC adaptation, by introducing feminist elements and highlighting Elizabeth Bennet’s personality, played a crucial role in altering the approach to adapting literary classics for the screen. In contrast, the 2005 version directed by Joe Wright focuses on the internal transformations of the characters, emphasizing their emotions and self-realization, thereby aligning more with contemporary audience expectations.Aim: The article attempts a multifaceted analysis of the portrayal of female characters in selected film adaptations of Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice.Problem: The primary goal of the article was to address two research questions: how the world created by the author has been translated into the audiovisual realm of film, and whether, amidst changes in socio-cultural perceptions of women’s roles from the 1940s to contemporary times, the visual and characterological traits of the film’s main character, Elizabeth Bennet from Jane Austen’s novel, have also evolved.Method: Utilizing content analysis techniques, the study interpreted the depiction of the main character from three selected film adaptations created in different time periods – the 1940s, the 1990s, and the first decade of the 21st century.Results: The analysis indicates that the chosen film adaptations of Pride and Prejudice from 1940, 1995, and 2005 employ diverse patterns, cultural currents, and ideologies in shaping the main female character – ranging from typical screwball comedy, through classical British adaptations incorporating sexual aspects of the characters presented, to a romantic view of literary models. The 1995 BBC adaptation, by introducing feminist elements and highlighting Elizabeth Bennet’s personality, played a crucial role in altering the approach to adapting literary classics for the screen. In contrast, the 2005 version directed by Joe Wright focuses on the internal transformations of the characters, emphasizing their emotions and self-realization, thereby aligning more with contemporary audience expectations