Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja
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The conditions of academic education and the methodological preferences of young scientists: A systematic literature review
No full textThis systematic literature review (SLR) collects and analyses publications on methodological preferences from almost the last 50 years. The aim of the review is to diagnose the state of knowledge as well as to integrate and synthesize the existing literature in the field of methodological preferences. This review concerns 73 texts that have been qualified for the study. The SLR reveals the need to reconstruct a seman-tic web, in which the notion of methodological preferences is embedded. Thus, it indicates the need to introduce a definition of methodological preferences, as well as to propose a model of this feature. Fur-thermore, some implications for future research are presented, along with the limitations of the systematic review of the literature.This systematic literature review (SLR) collects and analyses publications on methodological preferences from almost the last 50 years. The aim of the review is to diagnose the state of knowledge as well as to integrate and synthesize the existing literature in the field of methodological preferences. This review concerns 73 texts that have been qualified for the study. The SLR reveals the need to reconstruct a seman-tic web, in which the notion of methodological preferences is embedded. Thus, it indicates the need to introduce a definition of methodological preferences, as well as to propose a model of this feature. Fur-thermore, some implications for future research are presented, along with the limitations of the systematic review of the literature
Konstruowanie tożsamości w rzeczywistości globalnej zmiany
No full textThe article reflects on the process of identity construction in the context of a reality described as global change. According to numerous scientific reports, this process constitutes the most important developmental task in human life, with its most sensitive and significant stage occurring during adolescence. However, in reality, it is a complex, multidimensional process that lasts from conception until death. Moreover, this process undergoes numerous transformations that do not occur in a “vacuum”; on the contrary, they strongly resonate with the conditions of the modern world, which are characterized by dynamism, global reach, and fundamental transformations, particularly in terms of norms, standards, and social values. This article is a review-based work grounded in scientific literature on both identity formation and the nature of global changes that significantly influence the process of human identification. The analysis presented in the article invites reflection on what the task of identity construction truly entails today, what challenges and risks it poses, and whether, in the face of global transformations, it is still possible to discern any stable values within the composition of human identity. In an effort to avoid marginalization, individuals follow trends present in contemporary social and cultural spaces. Their actions are driven by personal desires and aspirations, but also by mechanisms and trends observable in sociology. In this sense, human identity can be compared to a multicolored mosaic or a puzzle, where its components can be freely rearranged, creating an entirely new form. Although the process of identity construction, in many respects, occurs naturally through personal experiences and participation in diverse social structures, it remains a challenge that significantly impacts both psychological and physical well-being.The article reflects on the process of identity construction in the context of a reality described as global change. According to numerous scientific reports, this process constitutes the most important developmental task in human life, with its most sensitive and significant stage occurring during adolescence. However, in reality, it is a complex, multidimensional process that lasts from conception until death. Moreover, this process undergoes numerous transformations that do not occur in a “vacuum”; on the contrary, they strongly resonate with the conditions of the modern world, which are characterized by dynamism, global reach, and fundamental transformations, particularly in terms of norms, standards, and social values. This article is a review-based work grounded in scientific literature on both identity formation and the nature of global changes that significantly influence the process of human identification. The analysis presented in the article invites reflection on what the task of identity construction truly entails today, what challenges and risks it poses, and whether, in the face of global transformations, it is still possible to discern any stable values within the composition of human identity. In an effort to avoid marginalization, individuals follow trends present in contemporary social and cultural spaces. Their actions are driven by personal desires and aspirations, but also by mechanisms and trends observable in sociology. In this sense, human identity can be compared to a multicolored mosaic or a puzzle, where its components can be freely rearranged, creating an entirely new form. Although the process of identity construction, in many respects, occurs naturally through personal experiences and participation in diverse social structures, it remains a challenge that significantly impacts both psychological and physical well-being
Homogenizacja kultury – utopia czy rzeczywistość? Krytyczne spojrzenie na tezę Francisa Fukuyamy
No full textThe idea of cultural homogenisation has been a topic of discussion among scholars since the existence of culture. However, it became more prominent with accelerated globalisation, marked by the rise of Western (American) culture. In this context, Fukuyama (1998) advanced the thesis that culture will ultimately become homogenised. To verify the researcher’s thesis and provide a critical view of the statements made by scientists, the analysis was based on the analysis of publications, scientific speeches, and verified pressinformation. By demonstrating the fallibility of Fukuyama (1998), four aspects are presented: psychological, cultural dualism, cultural identity and legal. The psychological aspect demonstrates the necessity for positive experiences derived from travel, particularly exposure to unfamiliar cultures. The cultural dualism aspect underscores the simultaneous engagement with global culture while preserving distinctiveness.The cultural identity aspect highlights the strong sense of separateness within society, exemplified by the preservation of national or local identities, as seen in the case of Catalonia. The final aspect, the legal aspect, discusses the concepts of globalisation of law and global law, and finally questions them with the introduction of the concept of dualism of law. Based on observed legal processes in the world and analysisof literature, a new concept was introduced – dualism of law, naming this previously unnamed phenomenon. Consequently, it was determined that the hypothesis proposed by the researcher was erroneous, and a favourable trajectory for the advancement of global culture was delineated, orienting itself towards the cultural dualism that is extant in the business.The idea of cultural homogenisation has been a topic of discussion among scholars since the existence of culture. However, it became more prominent with accelerated globalisation, marked by the rise of Western (American) culture. In this context, Fukuyama (1998) advanced the thesis that culture will ultimately become homogenised. To verify the researcher’s thesis and provide a critical view of the statements made by scientists, the analysis was based on the analysis of publications, scientific speeches, and verified press information. By demonstrating the fallibility of Fukuyama (1998), four aspects are presented: psychological, cultural dualism, cultural identity and legal. The psychological aspect demonstrates the necessity for positive experiences derived from travel, particularly exposure to unfamiliar cultures. The cultural dualism aspect underscores the simultaneous engagement with global culture while preserving distinctiveness. The cultural identity aspect highlights the strong sense of separateness within society, exemplified by the preservation of national or local identities, as seen in the case of Catalonia. The final aspect, the legal aspect, discusses the concepts of globalisation of law and global law, and finally questions them with the introduction of the concept of dualism of law. Based on observed legal processes in the world and analysis of literature, a new concept was introduced – dualism of law, naming this previously unnamed phenomenon. Consequently, it was determined that the hypothesis proposed by the researcher was erroneous, and a favourable trajectory for the advancement of global culture was delineated, orienting itself towards the cultural dualism that is extant in the business
Czy za skandale dopingowe w UE będą płacić sponsorzy? Doping ryzykiem reputacyjnym i presją dla organizacji finansujących sport i instytucji regulacyjnych
No full textOperating at the intersection of competition, business and political issues, contemporary sport faces challenges from the growing expectations of sponsors and an increasingly demanding public – either spectators or voters. This article aims to demonstrate that, with the development of EU sustainability reporting regulations, sports sponsors will be required to integrate reputational risks associated with doping into their management strategies. The first section explores the impact of EU regulations, in particular the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) and the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS), on the obligations of sports sponsors and their perception of the reputational risks associated with doping. Through the example of incidents such as the suspension of Iga Świątek in 2024, it demonstrates the increasing pressure on sponsors and sports organisations to implement more effective anti-doping mechanisms. Following this, a study of reputational risk in sport is conducted, highlighting its importance in ESG management strategies and its impact on corporate investment and communication decisions. Subsequently, a discussion of the ineffectiveness of existing anti-doping policies and inequalities in enforcement around the world follows, highlighting the need for international institutions to harmonise their actions. The article is theoretical and review-based. The analysis of documents is conducted chronologically and by issue, which organises scattered threads and allows regulatory gaps to be identified. The research gap in the literature regarding sponsors’ perspectives on doping scandals provides a basis for new reflections on the role of business in contemporary sport and its social responsibility.Operating at the intersection of competition, business and political issues, contemporary sport faces challenges from the growing expectations of sponsors and an increasingly demanding public – either spectators or voters. This article aims to demonstrate that, with the development of EU sustainability reporting regulations, sports sponsors will be required to integrate reputational risks associated with doping into their management strategies. The first section explores the impact of EU regulations, in particular the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) and the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS), on the obligations of sports sponsors and their perception of the reputational risks associated with doping. Through the example of incidents such as the suspension of Iga Świątek in 2024, it demonstrates the increasing pressure on sponsors and sports organisations to implement more effective anti-doping mechanisms. Following this, a study of reputational risk in sport is conducted, highlighting its importance in ESG management strategies and its impact on corporate investment and communication decisions. Subsequently, a discussion of the ineffectiveness of existing anti-doping policies and inequalities in enforcement around the world follows, highlighting the need for international institutions to harmonise their actions. The article is theoretical and review-based. The analysis of documents is conducted chronologically and by issue, which organises scattered threads and allows regulatory gaps to be identified. The research gap in the literature regarding sponsors’ perspectives on doping scandals provides a basis for new reflections on the role of business in contemporary sport and its social responsibility
Pedagogical practices of overcoming personal fragility and social limitations in Ukrainian students during the war
No full textThe article is devoted to the problem of overcoming personal fragility and social limitations among students during the war in Ukraine. The notion of “fragility” has become highly relevant in the global dimension in an era of numerous crises, shocks, and uncertainty. According to the OECD report ‘States of Fragility 2025’, fragility is defined as a combination of increased risks and insufficient response capacities of states, systems, and/or communities to manage, absorb, or mitigate such risks. The current situation of the Russian-Ukrainian war fully corresponds to its thesis of “living with fragility and responding to it”. The article presents research findings confirming the crucial role of extracurricular education in this context. Institutions of extracurricular education in Ukraine implement educational programs, social and creative projects, forums, competitions, and volunteer initiatives; they also provide social rehabilitation and psychosocial support, particularly for children affected by war, children from internally displaced families, and those with learning difficulties. Special relevance is accorded to socio-pedagogical practices of overcoming fragility and fostering resilience among students under risks and threats.The article is devoted to the problem of overcoming personal fragility and social limitations among students during the war in Ukraine. The notion of “fragility” has become highly relevant in the global dimension in an era of numerous crises, shocks, and uncertainty. According to the OECD report ‘States of Fragility 2025’, fragility is defined as a combination of increased risks and insufficient response capacities of states, systems, and/or communities to manage, absorb, or mitigate such risks. The current situation of the Russian-Ukrainian war fully corresponds to its thesis of “living with fragility and responding to it”. The article presents research findings confirming the crucial role of extracurricular education in this context. Institutions of extracurricular education in Ukraine implement educational programs, social and creative projects, forums, competitions, and volunteer initiatives; they also provide social rehabilitation and psychosocial support, particularly for children affected by war, children from internally displaced families, and those with learning difficulties. Special relevance is accorded to socio-pedagogical practices of overcoming fragility and fostering resilience among students under risks and threats
Zachowania prospołeczne i inteligencja emocjonalna studentek – przyszłych nauczycielek edukacji wczesnoszkolnej
No full textThe introductory part of the paper focuses on the relevance of the child’s social and pro-social upbringing in the family and school environment. In order to explore the pro-social and emotional potential of thosewho began their studies with the specialisation of early childhood education teacher, a diagnostic study was conducted. The study targeted female students of the first year of Pre-school and Early Childhood Pedagogy at the University of Opole and the Pro-social Behaviour Questionnaire (PBQ) as well as the Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire – INTE were used as research tools. The materials included in the article come from research carried out in the academic year 2024/2025; they provide data on the level of frequency of pro-social behaviours in showing help, support and involvement in volunteer activities.The introductory part of the paper focuses on the relevance of the child’s social and pro-social upbringing in the family and school environment. In order to explore the pro-social and emotional potential of thosewho began their studies with the specialisation of early childhood education teacher, a diagnostic study was conducted. The study targeted female students of the first year of Pre-school and Early Childhood Pedagogy at the University of Opole and the Pro-social Behaviour Questionnaire (PBQ) as well as the Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire – INTE were used as research tools. The materials included in the article come from research carried out in the academic year 2024/2025; they provide data on the level of frequency of pro-social behaviours in showing help, support and involvement in volunteer activities
Ancient precepts on the tranquillity of mind
No full textThe paper concerns Seneca’s and Plutarch’s teaching on tranquillity. These Ancient philosophers’ letters, later on called equally “On Tranquillity of Mind”, expose several issues connected with tranquil states of mind, such as reasoning and argumentations against passions, moderation between hyperactivity and apathy, the application of premeditatio malorum, making the right use of conditions, accepting the events cheerfully, avoiding lamentation, or having good companions, etc. The two sages see in philosophy a doctor helping cure the soul and share with us moral precepts on how to gain peace in mind.The paper concerns Seneca’s and Plutarch’s teaching on tranquillity. These Ancient philosophers’ letters, later on called equally “On Tranquillity of Mind”, expose several issues connected with tranquil states of mind, such as reasoning and argumentations against passions, moderation between hyperactivity and apathy, the application of premeditatio malorum, making the right use of conditions, accepting the events cheerfully, avoiding lamentation, or having good companions, etc. The two sages see in philosophy a doctor helping cure the soul and share with us moral precepts on how to gain peace in mind
Krótkoterminowa (nie)skuteczność algorytmu SuperMemo na przykładzie wybranej wiedzy historycznej
No full textThe subject of the article is the SuperMemo algorithm, which serves as the basis for various memory-enhancing applications. It has been implemented, for instance, in the Anki program or an application sharing the same name as the algorithm – SuperMemo. Experimental studies on its short-term effectiveness were conducted among 282 pupils and students from Olsztyn on the example of selected historical knowledge. The results indicate a lack of superiority of the unmodified version of the algorithm over traditional learning methods and suggest its effectiveness after the introduction of proprietary corrections.The subject of the article is the SuperMemo algorithm, which forms the basis of various applications that aid memorization. It has been implemented, for instance, in the program Anki or in the application bearing the same name as the algorithm -SuperMemo. A two-stage experimental study of its short-term effectiveness was conducted among 282 pupils and students from Olsztyn, using selected historical knowledge as a basis. The results of the first stage suggest no advantage of the unmodified version of the algorithm over traditional learning methods, while the second stage indicates its effectiveness after introducing proprietary adjustments. This is manifested both in the objectively measured effectiveness of memorization and in the evaluations of individual algorithm versions declared by the participants. The difference obtained would hypothetically be even greater if the knowledge required to be mastered during the experiment were more extensive, which is a common scenario in school and university settings.The subject of the article is the SuperMemo algorithm, which forms the basis of various applications that aid memorization. It has been implemented, for instance, in the program Anki or in the application bearing the same name as the algorithm -SuperMemo. A two-stage experimental study of its short-term effectiveness was conducted among 282 pupils and students from Olsztyn, using selected historical knowledge as a basis. The results of the first stage suggest no advantage of the unmodified version of the algorithm over traditional learning methods, while the second stage indicates its effectiveness after introducing proprietary adjustments. This is manifested both in the objectively measured effectiveness of memorization and in the evaluations of individual algorithm versions declared by the participants. The difference obtained would hypothetically be even greater if the knowledge required to be mastered during the experiment were more extensive, which is a common scenario in school and university settings
Wiedza i świadomość polskich, czeskich i słowackich studentów na temat zmian hormonalnych w cyklu życia człowieka
No full textThere are many environmental factors that can affect a person’s fertility and rate of development during adolescence. The use of psychoactive substances during puberty, a time when testosterone and oestradiol levels begin to exceed childhood levels, increases the likelihood of psychiatric disorders in adulthood; in turn, at menopause, oestrogen deficiency can cause psychological, physical and endocrine changes, including sexual dysfunction. The study aimed to diagnose students’ knowledge of hormonal changes in the human life cycle. The study was conducted at three universities – in Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. A total of 450 stu-dents participated in the study (172 from Poland, 99 from the Czech Republic and 179 from Slovakia). The research sample was selected based on the assumption that there are differences in awareness of sexual development in Polish, Czech and Slovak society. The research was conducted by means of a diagnostic survey with a questionnaire technique.The analysis of the survey results showed that students’ knowledge of hormonal changes in the human life cycle is insufficient. It was shown that there is a need to pay attention to deepen and consoli-date the knowledge of students, especially students of education/teaching, regarding problems related to biological, social and environmental factors affecting hormonal changes in the human life cycle; with satisfactory knowledge of the consequences of psychoactive substance use or environmental factors that may affect the menstrual cycle.There are many environmental factors that can affect a person’s fertility and rate of development during adolescence. The use of psychoactive substances during puberty, a time when testosterone and oestradiol levels begin to exceed childhood levels, increases the likelihood of psychiatric disorders in adulthood; in turn, at menopause, oestrogen deficiency can cause psychological, physical and endocrine changes, including sexual dysfunction. The study aimed to diagnose students’ knowledge of hormonal changes in the human life cycle. The study was conducted at three universities – in Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. A total of 450 stu-dents participated in the study (172 from Poland, 99 from the Czech Republic and 179 from Slovakia). The research sample was selected based on the assumption that there are differences in awareness of sexual development in Polish, Czech and Slovak society. The research was conducted by means of a diagnostic survey with a questionnaire technique.The analysis of the survey results showed that students’ knowledge of hormonal changes in the human life cycle is insufficient. It was shown that there is a need to pay attention to deepen and consoli-date the knowledge of students, especially students of education/teaching, regarding problems related to biological, social and environmental factors affecting hormonal changes in the human life cycle; with satisfactory knowledge of the consequences of psychoactive substance use or environmental factors that may affect the menstrual cycle
Kompetencje polskich całodobowych opiekunów osób starszych w Niemczech. Wyzwania edukacyjne (wybrane wyniki badań sondażowych)
No full textThe text presents selected results of a survey conducted among live-in-caregivers from Poland working with the older adults in Germany (the research sample consisted of 119 individuals). These results are a part of the Polish-German research project focusing on caregivers’ management of their tasks. The article discusses a research section designed to obtain answers to questions in which the caregivers were asked to self-assess their competencies as live-in caregivers from Poland working in Germany. The respondents were asked to assess their competencies in caring for persons with dementia, nursing, accompanying individuals in the process of dying and death, linguistic competencies, the ability to carry out their tasks, the traits and qualities caregivers are expected to show to cope with these tasks, as well as their trainingand education-related needs. The results demonstrate educational needs the respondents have to address, even though in general they hold relatively high opinion of their competencies; this claim, however, upon closer examination of the individual competencies, sounds too optimistic.The text presents selected results of a survey conducted among live-in-caregivers from Poland working with the older adults in Germany (the research sample consisted of 119 individuals). These results are a part of the Polish-German research project focusing on caregivers’ management of their tasks. The article discusses a research section designed to obtain answers to questions in which the caregivers were asked to self-assess their competencies as live-in caregivers from Poland working in Germany. The respondents were asked to assess their competencies in caring for persons with dementia, nursing, accompanying individuals in the process of dying and death, linguistic competencies, the ability to carry out their tasks, the traits and qualities caregivers are expected to show to cope with these tasks, as well as their trainingand education-related needs. The results demonstrate educational needs the respondents have to address, even though in general they hold relatively high opinion of their competencies; this claim, however, upon closer examination of the individual competencies, sounds too optimistic