Investigationes Linguisticae
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The concept of ‘logic’ and ‘logical’ in the official documents of the Pope Benedict XVI in comparison with the approach present in John Paul II encyclicals
Get PDFThe article discusses the meaning of the words ‘logic’ and ‘logical’ as used by Pope Benedict XVI in the Encyclicals and Apostolic Exhortations. The approach of Benedict XVI is then compared with that of Pope John Paul II (as analyzed in Lapis (2011))
Współczesny rozwój konfucjanizmu na Bali w kontekście historycznym, politycznym i kulturowym
Get PDFFrom 2006 Confucianism is again one of the six state-recognized religions in Indonesia. This article aims to present its recent developments, using the example of Confucian community in Bali. It analyzes the problem in the context of religious practises and culture of the Chinese minority, state ideology and the law, religious and ethnic politics.Od 2006 roku, po prawie trzech dekadach przerwy, konfucjanizm znalazł się ponownie wśród religii oficjalnie uznawanych przez państwo indonezyjskie. Zmiana ta postrzegana jest jako istotny krok w odchodzeniu od polityki dyskryminującej osoby pochodzenia chińskiego. Posługując się przykładem balijskim, artykuł omawia współczesny rozwój konfucjanizmu w Indonezji w kontekście praktyk religijnych i kultury mniejszości chińskiej, ideologii państwowej i prawa, polityki religijnej i etniczne
Wyznaczanie granicy zdania - człowiek vs maszyna
Get PDFThe paper aims at presenting the results of an experiment checking the possibility of an accurate reconstruction of text sentence boundary done by humans and computer programme with possible application in presenting the output of automatic speech recognition systems. The results are compare with the assesment of received sentences acceptability.The paper aims at presenting the results of an experiment checking the possibility of an accurate reconstruction of text sentence boundary done by humans and computer programme with possible application in presenting the output of automatic speech recognition systems. The results are compare with the assesment of received sentences acceptability
Projekcja ortograficznych form wewnątrzwyrazowych grup spółgłoskowych na transkrypcję fonologiczną na potrzeby systemu dzielenia na sylaby wyrazów języka polskiego
Get PDFThis paper presents a module forming part of a currently developed syllabification system for Polish. The main purpose of this module is to map the orthographic form of consonant clusters located within words to their phonological transcription. The mapping is very precise – each letter in the orthographic form is assigned to a particular phoneme or group of phonemes. The main goal is to allow phonological principles – the sonority principle and the principle of maximal onset – to be applied directly to words written in orthographic form. These principles are based on a phonological sonority scale that assigns abstract numbers to speech sounds. These numbers reflect certain phonetic features associated with the sounds, chiefly the degree of opening of the vocal tract. Thecomplex relationships between the orthographic and phonological forms of Polish words mean that the assignment of values of the sonority scale directly to letters is not possible.W niniejszym artykule omówiono moduł, który jest częścią rozwijanego systemu dzielenia na sylaby dla języka polskiego. Zadanie tego modułu polega na odwzorowaniu wewnątrzwyrazowych grup spółgłoskowych zapisanych w formie ortograficznej na zapis w transkrypcji fonologicznej. Odwzorowanie jest bardzo precyzyjne – poszczególne litery zapisu ortograficznego wewnątrzwyrazowych grup spółgłoskowych są przypisane do poszczególnych fonemów. Podstawowy cel omawianego modułu związany jest z potrzebą stosowania zasad fonologicznych (zasady sonorności oraz zasady maksymalnego nagłosu) w odniesieniu do wyrazów ortograficznych. Te zasady bazują na fonologicznej skali sonorności, która przypisuje do dźwięków mowy abstrakcyjne wartości liczbowe. Te wartości odzwierciedlają cechy fonetyczne właściwe dla poszczególnych dźwięków mowy – przede wszystkim stopień rozwarcia narządów artykulacyjnych. W języku polskim występują złożone relacje między płaszczyzną ortograficzną i płaszczyzną fonologiczną. Dlatego przypisywanie wartości sonorności bezpośrednio do liter ortograficznych nie jest możliwe
Cechy polskiego języka biznesu jako języka specjalistycznego w początkowym etapie kształtowania się (na podstawie „Czasu” z lat 1870–1914)
Get PDFThe aim of the article is to present a specific features of business language at the initial stage of its development (years: 1870-1914). This stage provides an interesting research material and its analysis is necessary to have a full overview of business language as a specialized variety of contemporary Polish. The article concerns various aspects of this issue: diversity of business subject fields, the primacy of cognitive function over the communicative function and specific features of the grammatical and lexical scope. All features stem from the specific communicative situations in which business language as a language for specific purposes occurs. The analysis embraces the linguistic material that comes from the Krakow newspaper Czas.The aim of the article is to present a specific features of business language at the initial stage of its development (years: 1870-1914). This stage provides an interesting research material and its analysis is necessary to have a full overview of business language as a specialized variety of contemporary Polish. The article concerns various aspects of this issue: diversity of business subject fields, the primacy of cognitive function over the communicative function and specific features of the grammatical and lexical scope. All features stem from the specific communicative situations in which business language as a language for specific purposes occurs. The analysis embraces the linguistic material that comes from the Krakow newspaper Czas
Charakterystyka znaczeń wyrażeń tak naprawdę, na pewno i oczywiście
Get PDFThe following article characterizes the meanings of the Polish expressions ‘tak naprawdę’ (‘prawda’, eng. ‘truth’; truthfully, truly, really), ‘na pewno’ (‘pewność’, eng.‘certainty’; ‘surely’, ‘certainly’) and ‘oczywiście’ (‘oczywisty’, eng. ‘obvious’; ‘of course’, ‘obviously’). The findings of the study are based on a questionnaire which generated reactions via free association test completed by students of the filologia course at Adam Mickiewicz University’s Faculty of Modern Languages and Literatures. The aim of the article is to isolate the possible dimensions of meaning for the expressions in question, to investigate the functions they fulfil in colloquial usage as well asto present the functioning and understanding of what is ‘true’, ‘certain’ and ‘obvious’.Omawiane w niniejszym artykule charakterystyki znaczeń wyrażeń „tak naprawdę”, „na pewno” i „oczywiście” opracowane zostały na podstawie badań ankietowych z wykorzystaniem metody skojarzeniowej, przeprowadzonych wśród studentów kierunku filologia na Wydziale Neofilologii UAM. Celem pracy jest zaprezentowanie możliwych do wyodrębnienia wymiarów semantycznych dla badanych wyrażeń, prześledzenie funkcji jakie pełnią w potocznym użyciu i przedstawienie sposobów funkcjonowania i rozumienia tego, co „prawdziwe”, „pewne” czy „oczywiste”
Nauczanie słuchaczy wojskowych słownictwa związanego z prawem konfliktów zbrojnych
Get PDFThis article is to present teaching methods adopted to develop lessons aimed at teaching vocabulary connected with LOAC (Law of Armed Conflict) to military personnel. Topics taken into consideration include: conduct of hostilities, prisoners of war (POW) and special signs. The presented exercises have been based on authentic materials such as: the Hague Convention, Geneva Conventions with additional protocols and rules of engagement cards. Additionally, the skills of speaking, reading and writing will be integrated. The exercises have already been conducted with professional soldiers as well as cadets at the Polish Air Force Academy in Dęblin.“The LOAC arises from a desire among civilized nations to prevent unnecessary suffering and destruction while not impeding the effective waging of war. A part of public international law, LOAC regulates the conduct of armed hostilities. It also aims to protect civilians, prisoners of war, the wounded, sick, and shipwrecked. LOAC applies to international armed conflicts and in the conduct of military operations and related activities in armed conflict, however such conflicts are characterized”.Rod Powers, US military expertThis article is to present teaching methods adopted to develop lessons aimed at teaching vocabulary connected with LOAC (Law of Armed Conflict) to military personnel. Topics taken into consideration include: conduct of hostilities, prisoners of war (POW) and special signs. The presented exercises have been based on authentic materials such as: the Hague Convention, Geneva Conventions with additional protocols and rules of engagement cards. Additionally, the skills of speaking, reading and writing will be integrated. The exercises have already been conducted with professional soldiers as well as cadets at the Polish Air Force Academy in Dęblin.“The LOAC arises from a desire among civilized nations to prevent unnecessary suffering and destruction while not impeding the effective waging of war. A part of public international law, LOAC regulates the conduct of armed hostilities. It also aims to protect civilians, prisoners of war, the wounded, sick, and shipwrecked. LOAC applies to international armed conflicts and in the conduct of military operations and related activities in armed conflict, however such conflicts are characterized”.Rod Powers, US military exper