Investigationes Linguisticae
Not a member yet
343 research outputs found
Sort by
Prajurit1 kraton Yogyakarta – (nie)istniejąca armia pałacu sułtana w Yogyakarcie
Get PDFThe text discusses establishment, the transition and eclipse of the Yogyakarta kraton’s army. Sultan palace, or kraton, in Yogyakarta came into being in 1755, after the division of the Islamic Mataram kingdom into two courts. This article provides a short overview of the history of connections between the colonization of Java and suppression of the Sultan’s armed forces.Tekst dotyczy narodzin, formowania się oraz stopniowej redukcji armii sułtana Yogyakarty. Jej historia umożliwia prześledzenie dziejów kratonu w Yogyakarcie, od jego wyodrębnienia się w 1755 r., do czasów współczesnych, z nowej perspektywy. Szczególna uwaga poświęcona została wpływom kolonialnej zależności na liczebność i losy brygad stanowiących tę armię
A. Tarskiego kryterium monotoniczności operatora konsekwencji w międzykulturowych badaniach systemów wniskowań
Get PDFIn this article I refer to the issue of comparative research methodology and methods of philosophical argumentation systems with different cultural areas. In relation to that shown by A. Tarski logical consequence operator, will establish criteria for the comparative analysis of systems inferences different cultural areas of the property based on the operator monotonic consequences
Syntactic diacrisis in a rigid and a free word order language
Get PDFThe paper is concerned with some syntactic consequences of Polish being a synthetic language with a rich system of case inflections and English lacking morphological case (or having a residual form of it). It will be argued that this typologically significant grammatical difference provides an essential premise in a unified explanation for the clustering of a number of syntactic differences between the two languages.The argument is based on a set of functionally motivated constraints on grammatical representations. The constraints are proposed as a part of a theory of “syntactic diacrisis” and are claimed to result from a) the general nature of language as a semiotic system, and b) the specific properties of the human parsing mechanism.The paper consists of three sections. The first contains a brief discussion of the role and place of functional explanations in syntax and introduces the concept of a “parser’s requirement on structure” (PROS).The second section introduces and justifies some basic principles of “syntactic diacrisis”.The third focuses on several syntactic differences between English and Polish and shows how they could all be explained by reference to the interplay of the functional (theory of diacrisis)and grammatical factors.The paper is concerned with some syntactic consequences of Polish being a synthetic language with a rich system of case inflections and English lacking morphological case (or having a residual form of it). It will be argued that this typologically significant grammatical difference provides an essential premise in a unified explanation for the clustering of a number of syntactic differences between the two languages.The argument is based on a set of functionally motivated constraints on grammatical representations. The constraints are proposed as a part of a theory of “syntactic diacrisis” and are claimed to result from a) the general nature of language as a semiotic system, and b) the specific properties of the human parsing mechanism.The paper consists of three sections. The first contains a brief discussion of the role and place of functional explanations in syntax and introduces the concept of a “parser’s requirement on structure” (PROS).The second section introduces and justifies some basic principles of “syntactic diacrisis”.The third focuses on several syntactic differences between English and Polish and shows how they could all be explained by reference to the interplay of the functional (theory of diacrisis)and grammatical factors
Odrodzenie naukowej współpracy polsko-indonezyjskiej po normalizacji stosunków dwustronnych pomiędzy Polską a Indonezją
Get PDFSince the normalization of bilateral relations between Poland and Indonesia in 1992 we have been observing a steady growth, particularly in the educational and scientific cooperation between thw two countries. The accession of Poland to the European Union have made this country a more attractive destination for foreign students. The number of Indonesians studying in Poland increases year over year. This fact is strengthened through the establishment of Indonesian Students Association in Poland (PPI Polandia). Polish citizens are among largest groups of Darmasiswa recipients - a scholarship program provided by the Indonesian government. In this paper the authors trace the records of cooperation in the field of education and science during the eras before and after the normalization of bilateral relations of both countries as well as the situation observed in recent years. This issue needs further exploration regarding the possibility of more data available in Indonesian sources of records.Praca opisuje jak wyglądały kontakty dydaktyczno-naukowe polsko-indonezyjskie w ujęciu diachronicznym oraz współczesnym. Metodą badawczą zastosowaną podczas prac nad niniejszą publikacją były głównie wywiady z byłymi i obecnymi stypendystami obu rządów oraz badania bibliograficzne. Po normalizacji stosunków dwustronnych w 1992r .liczba Indonezyjczyków studiujących w Polsce wzrasta z roku na rok, czego dowodem jest również utworzenie polskiego oddziału Stowarzyszenia Studentów Indonezyjskich (Persatuan Pelajar Indonesia Polandia). Polacy to z kolei obecnie jedna z najliczniejszych grup uczestniczących w indonezyjskim programie stypendialnym Darmasiswa. Niestety brak jest wiarygodnych danych liczbowych na temat współpracy naukowej polsko-indonezyjskiej przed rokiem 1992 dlatego zagadnienie wymaga dalszych badań z uwzględnieniem szerszego spektrum źródeł indonezyjskich
Przemiany w kulturze muzycznej Sumatry Zachodniej na przykładzie wykorzystania fletu saluang darek
Get PDFSaluangdarek is recognized as one of the oldest and indigenous instruments used in music by the Minangkabau people. Its name comes from the region Darek also called Luhak Nan Tigo and forming the heartland of Minangkabau culture. Saluangdarek is an instrument of simple construction - a bamboo tube open at both ends, having four finger holes. This construction, however, requires the use of specific and difficult playing technique. The sound of this flute is very distinctive and is today one of the elements used to build a sense of ethnic identity among the Minankgabau people. Saluang traditionally was used as an instrument accompanying the doleful, nostalgic songs as well as a medium to contact the spirits. In the 70s the new music genre called saluang dangdut was developed, where joyful melodies are played on the flute, accompanied by drums and singing. This genre has evolved into a very popular nowadays Pop Minang. The article presents the contemporary use of saluangdarekflute and the influence of foreign cultures and the mass media on the music in Minangkabau region.Saluang darek jest uznawany za jeden z najstarszych i autochtonicznych instrumentów wykorzystywanych w muzyce przez ludzi Minangkabau. Jego nazwa pochodzi od regionu Darek zwanego też Luhak Nan Tigo i stanowiącego kolebkę kultury Minangkabau. Saluang darek jest instrumentem o prostej konstrukcji – bambusowej rury otwartej na obu końcach, posiadającej cztery otwory palcowe. Taka budowa wymaga jednak stosowania specyficznej i trudnej techniki gry. Jego dźwięk jest bardzo charakterystyczny i stanowi współcześnie jeden z elementów używanych do budowania poczucia tożsamości etnicznej wśród ludzi Mianankgabau. Tradycyjnie stosowano saluang jako instrument akompaniujący do rzewnych, nostalgicznych pieśni oraz jako medium do kontaktu z duchami. W latach 70. wraz ze wzrostem popularności muzyki rozrywkowej narodził się gatunek saluang dangdut, w którym radosnym melodiom granym na flecie towarzyszą bębny i śpiew. Gatunek ten ewoluował do bardzo popularnego dziś Pop-Minang. W artykule przedstawione zostaną współczesne pola eksploatacji fletu saluang darek oraz wpływ obcych kultur i massmediów na wykonywaną na nim muzykę
Profesjolekt hotelarski w mediach na przykładzie pisma menedżerów hoteli – „Biznes Hotel”
Get PDFThe article presents the main features of hotel professiolect on the basis of a paper “Business Hotel”, aimed at hotel managers. The basic considerations are preceded by the introduction of the term professiolect as well as features of media messages which confront with the specificity of specialized texts. The main purpose of this article is to characterize hotel professiolect in its variety used in media, particularly at the lexical level (borrowings, professional vocabulary, acronyms) and to indicate the main semantic areas which the analyzed lexemes fall under.The article presents the main features of hotel professiolect on the basis of a paper “Business Hotel”, aimed at hotel managers. The basic considerations are preceded by the introduction of the term professiolect as well as features of media messages which confront with the specificity of specialized texts. The main purpose of this article is to characterize hotel professiolect in its variety used in media, particularly at the lexical level (borrowings, professional vocabulary, acronyms) and to indicate the main semantic areas which the analyzed lexemes fall under
Dziedzictwo zrytualizowanej przemocy na Sumbie Zachodniej
Get PDFNiniejszy artykuł analizuje przejawy dziedzictwa zrytualizowanej przemocy w rejonie Sumby Zachodniej w Indonezji na przykładzie jego dwóch tradycyjnych emblematów tradycyjnego noża parang oraz rytualnego turnieju wojny Pasola, które są charakterystyczne dla tej części wyspy. Autorka opisuje korzenie historyczne tego fenomenu, analizując jego różne funkcje kulturowe oraz przyczyn jego trwałej obecności we współczesnej przestrzeni społecznej Sumby Zachodniej.Niniejszy artykuł analizuje przejawy dziedzictwa zrytualizowanej przemocy w rejonie Sumby Zachodniej w Indonezji na przykładzie jego dwóch tradycyjnych emblematów tradycyjnego noża parang oraz rytualnego turnieju wojny Pasola, które są charakterystyczne dla tej części wyspy. Autorka opisuje korzenie historyczne tego fenomenu, analizując jego różne funkcje kulturowe oraz przyczyn jego trwałej obecności we współczesnej przestrzeni społecznej Sumby Zachodniej
Trójwarstwowa struktura informacji w treści wypowiedzi1 (szkic o programie Gramatyki Rozproszonej)
Get PDFThe idea of the three-tier information structure in the content of utterances is the result of research carried out in a transdisciplinary spirit, within sciences such as linguistics, psychology, logic and computer science. The theory of Meta-Informative Centering (MIC) of attention, which borrows the concept of attention centering from psychology and the concept of information from computer science, makes it possible to treat ―information structures" or "thematic-rhematic structures" as strictly dependent on the canonical form of utterances (as the manifestation of predication). Thus, an important feature of the MIC theory is its reference to predication, and in particular to the language of classical logic (first-order predicate logic). In the light of MIC theory, "information structure" appears in fact to be a structure of meta-information (representing "information about information") with respect to orthoinformation (proper information; i.e. situation frame, its types and aspects, roles, spatio-temporal anchors etc.) contained in the utterances. It is the theory of Associative Semantics (AS), which is being developed in parallel to the theory of MIC, which constitutes the layer of ortho-information. However, the foundational role in the structure of information content of utterances is played by para-information ("information which is similar or related to some other information"). In order to treat systematically the structure of information (ortho-, meta- and para-information) as contained in language utterances, and for representing their fundamental components, we proposed using ―formal concepts‖ belonging to the rapidly developing new field of research in computer science under the general name of ―Formal Concept Analysis‖ (FCA). The most important operations (responsible for the structure of information contained in the body of the utterances) are as follows: (a) selection (for building conceptual areas of interest in the para-information tier), (b) configuration (for building relationships between concepts in the ortho-information tier) and (c) centering (secondary selection of concepts for transmitting in the meta-information tier), while the most important operations (responsible for the structure of utterances) are: (a) nesting (for building utterances as units of discourse in the profile, across the tiers) and (b) encapsulation (for designating the conceptual space and combining conceptual representations with the language). In this paper we present one of the many areas of application of the described theoretical foundation, namely: word order in linguistic typology. Research taking into account the abovementioned three kinds of information constitutes a contribution to the construction of a coherent theoretical framework for Distributed Grammar (i.e. multi-tier grammar with a generalized idiomatics).The idea of the three-tier information structure in the content of utterances is the result of research carried out in a transdisciplinary spirit, within sciences such as linguistics, psychology, logic and computer science. The theory of Meta-Informative Centering (MIC) of attention, which borrows the concept of attention centering from psychology and the concept of information from computer science, makes it possible to treat ―information structures" or "thematic-rhematic structures" as strictly dependent on the canonical form of utterances (as the manifestation of predication). Thus, an important feature of the MIC theory is its reference to predication, and in particular to the language of classical logic (first-order predicate logic). In the light of MIC theory, "information structure" appears in fact to be a structure of meta-information (representing "information about information") with respect to orthoinformation (proper information; i.e. situation frame, its types and aspects, roles, spatio-temporal anchors etc.) contained in the utterances. It is the theory of Associative Semantics (AS), which is being developed in parallel to the theory of MIC, which constitutes the layer of ortho-information. However, the foundational role in the structure of information content of utterances is played by para-information ("information which is similar or related to some other information"). In order to treat systematically the structure of information (ortho-, meta- and para-information) as contained in language utterances, and for representing their fundamental components, we proposed using ―formal concepts‖ belonging to the rapidly developing new field of research in computer science under the general name of ―Formal Concept Analysis‖ (FCA). The most important operations (responsible for the structure of information contained in the body of the utterances) are as follows: (a) selection (for building conceptual areas of interest in the para-information tier), (b) configuration (for building relationships between concepts in the ortho-information tier) and (c) centering (secondary selection of concepts for transmitting in the meta-information tier), while the most important operations (responsible for the structure of utterances) are: (a) nesting (for building utterances as units of discourse in the profile, across the tiers) and (b) encapsulation (for designating the conceptual space and combining conceptual representations with the language). In this paper we present one of the many areas of application of the described theoretical foundation, namely: word order in linguistic typology. Research taking into account the abovementioned three kinds of information constitutes a contribution to the construction of a coherent theoretical framework for Distributed Grammar (i.e. multi-tier grammar with a generalized idiomatics)
Wpływ religii i tradycji na konflikt na Molukach w latach 1999-2002
Get PDFThis paper presents the influence of religion and tradition on conflict in Maluku, Indonesia. Thanks to the strong influence of the Dutch the province remains exception with Christian majority in country dominated by Muslims. Maluku seemed to be a perfect example of religious tolerance, however, it changed between 1999 and 2002 when the inhabitants experienced consequences of sectarian conflict. The reasons of this clash remain unclear and it was a blow to the national motto ,,unity in diversity”. This article will discuss an attitude of people in Maluku who have used forsaken traditional laws and religion to reconciliation after conflict and have shown an interesting example of coexistence Christians, Muslims and followers of syncretic faiths.Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy wpływu religii i tradycji na konflikt, który miał miejsce na indonezyjskich Molukach w latach 1999-2002. Silne wpływy Holendrów w okresie kolonialnym sprawiły, że na wyspach utrzymała się chrześcijańska większość, co stanowiło wyjątek w zdominowanym przez muzułmanów państwie. Moluki wydawały się idealnym przykładem obszaru, gdzie panuje tolerancja i dialog między różnymi wyznaniami, aż do wybuchu konfliktu etnoreligijnego na przełomie XX i XXI wieku. W artykule zostanie omówiona geneza starć między muzułmanami a chrześcijanami oraz wykorzystanie zapomnianego prawa zwyczajowego i religii do procesu pokojowego