Filozofia Chrześcijańska
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Dyskusja komplikacji generowanych przez koncepcję monadyzmu biologicznego Stanisława Ignacego Witkiewicza
Full text linkThe article focuses on Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz’s metaphysical concept, namely biological monadism. According to Witkacy, the Whole of Existence constitutes a multiplicity of monads – Particular Existences. It is them – occurring in various configurations – that constitute the substantive foundation of reality. The essential characteristic of these monads is their corporeal character, which means that Witkiewicz’s Particular Existence constitutes an original unity of the temporal (duration) and spatial (expanse) component; a unity finding expression in the statement that the monad is a corporeal consciousness and in the Whole of Existence there is no place for the objective existence of inanimate matter.
The article exposes an important limitation of Witkiewicz’s metaphysics. It seems that the permanent presence of the Infinite in Witkacy’s General Ontology results in the indelible Mystery of Existence, which neutralizes the ultimate status of the why question. Being in Witkiewicz’s perspective becomes mysterious, enigmatic and senseless but, at the same time, it is deprived of any trace of randomness. In this way the structure of Being included in Witkiewicz’s monadic categorial network excludes the sense of the why question related to the Whole of Existence.The article focuses on Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz’s metaphysical concept, namely biological monadism. According to Witkacy, the Whole of Existence constitutes a multiplicity of monads – Particular Existences. It is them – occurring in various configurations – that constitute the substantive foundation of reality. The essential characteristic of these monads is their corporeal character, which means that Witkiewicz’s Particular Existence constitutes an original unity of the temporal (duration) and spatial (expanse) component; a unity finding expression in the statement that the monad is a corporeal consciousness and in the Whole of Existence there is no place for the objective existence of inanimate matter.
The article exposes an important limitation of Witkiewicz’s metaphysics. It seems that the permanent presence of the Infinite in Witkacy’s General Ontology results in the indelible Mystery of Existence, which neutralizes the ultimate status of the why question. Being in Witkiewicz’s perspective becomes mysterious, enigmatic and senseless but, at the same time, it is deprived of any trace of randomness. In this way the structure of Being included in Witkiewicz’s monadic categorial network excludes the sense of the why question related to the Whole of Existence
Człowiek a samotność
Full text linkPiotr Domeracki "Horyzonty i perspektywy monoseologii.Filozoficzne studium samotności" (Wydawnictwo Naukowe UMK, Toruń 2018)Piotr Domeracki "Horyzonty i perspektywy monoseologii.Filozoficzne studium samotności" (Wydawnictwo Naukowe UMK, Toruń 2018
Filozof na szlakach refleksji nad kulturą
Full text linkWojciech Daszkiewicz "Byt, człowiek, kultura. Studium z filozofii kultury" (Polskie Towarzystwo Tomasza z Akwinu, Katedra Metafizyki KUL, Lublin 2019)Wojciech Daszkiewicz "Byt, człowiek, kultura. Studium z filozofii kultury" (Polskie Towarzystwo Tomasza z Akwinu, Katedra Metafizyki KUL, Lublin 2019
Świat życia religijnego we francuskiej fenomenologii
Full text linkReligious experience seems to lie outside the boundaries of the immanent structures of experience that phenomenology studies. Phenomenology was born, after all, at the moment of delineating the boundary between the immanent structure of experience and what is external to it and therefore secondary. In France, however, it is not difficult to find thinkers who do not hesitate to cross this line. French phenomenology, thus opening the possibility of the world of religious life, seems to move within the limits of the method described by Husserl. The phenomenological concept of the world of consciousness is based on the belief that there is a fundamental difference between the psychological experience and the experience of consciousness. At the source of the concept of the world of religious life described here, on the other hand, is the belief that because religious experience is not a psychological experience, but an experience of consciousness, it meets the criteria set by phenomenology for experience. Therefore, it is justified here to use the concept of religious experience in the strict sense. It is also legitimate to subject this experience to phenomenological examination. Religious experience, on the other hand, shapes the world of religious life referred to in this article, which in itself can also become the subject of phenomenology research.Wydaje się, że doświadczenie religijne leży poza granicami immanentnych struktur doświadczenia, które bada fenomenologia. Fenomenologia narodziła się wszak z chwilą wyznaczenia granicy między immanentną strukturą doświadczenia, a tym co wobec niej zewnętrzne i dlatego wtórne. We Francji nietrudno jednak znaleźć myślicieli, którzy nie wahają się tej granicy przekroczyć. Fenomenologia francuska zatem otwierając możliwość świata życia religijnego wydaje poruszać się po granicach metody opisanej przez Husserla. U źródeł fenomenologicznej koncepcji świata życia świadomości leży przekonanie o zasadniczej różnicy między przeżyciem psychicznym a przeżyciem świadomości. U źródeł opisywanej tutaj koncepcji świata życia religijnego natomiast leży przekonanie, że ponieważ przeżycie religijne nie jest przeżyciem psychicznym, ale przeżyciem świadomości, spełnia kryteria stawiane doświadczeniu przez fenomenologię. Dlatego uprawnione jest tutaj posługiwanie się pojęciem doświadczenia religijnego w sensie ścisłym. Uprawnione jest też poddanie tego doświadczenia fenomenologicznemu badaniu. Doświadczenie religijne kształtuje natomiast ów świat życia religijnego, o którym mowa w tym artykule, a który sam w sobie również może stać się przedmiotem badań fenomenologii
Kosmiczny kontekst ewolucji biologicznej i jego konsekwencje filozoficzno-teologiczne
Full text linkIn the article I describe the cosmic context of biological evolution and its concretization in the form of various formulations of anthropic principles (weak, strong, probabilistic, ultimate and participatory) in order to discuss selected philosophical and theological consequences of the anthropic of the Universe. The aim of the article is to answer the question whether the fact of the anthropic nature of the Universe leads to the possibility of justifying theses of an ontological, epistemological and theological nature.W artykule opiszę kosmiczny kontekst ewolucji biologicznej i jego konkretyzację w postaci różnych sformułowań zasad antropicznych (słabej, mocnej, probabilistycznej, ostatecznej i partycypacyjnej), aby przejść do omówienia wybranych filozoficznych oraz teologicznych konsekwencji antropiczności Wszechświata. Celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie, czy fakt antropiczności Wszechświata prowadzi do możliwości uzasadnienia tez o ontologicznym, epistemologicznym oraz teologicznym charakterze
Spoglądać jak Ojciec: Sens Życia i Przemienione Spojrzenie
No full textIn this nihilistic age, the worth of life is often measured by utility. This paper challenges such an approach by turning attention away from what is given to focus on how we receive it. Drawing inspiration from the theological tradition of the icon, I discuss how we can understand this shift as a “transfiguration of vision.” A close study of the act of prayer before the icon reveals how we can gain distinct manner of seeing, which in turn has implications for the way we understand life.W dzisiejszych nihilistycznych czasach wartość życia często mierzy się użytecznością. Niniejszy artykuł rzuca wyzwanie takiemu podejściu, odwracając uwagę od tego, co jest nam dane, aby skupić się na tym, jak to otrzymujemy. Czerpiąc inspirację z teologicznej tradycji ikony, omawiam, jak możemy rozumieć to przesunięcie jako "przemianę spojrzenia". Wnikliwe studium aktu modlitwy przed ikoną ujawnia, jak możemy nabyć szczególny sposób patrzenia, co z kolei ma implikacje dla sposobu, w jaki rozumiemy życie
Myśl Wincentego Granata wobec problemów współczesności
Full text linkThe aim of the article is to present relevance of the personalistic Granat’s thought in the context of contemporary social challenges. In the article, I analyze the topic of Christian humanism in Granat’s thought. I point out that he saw the sources of this concept in man’s aspirations to learn the full truth about himself. Granat saw the final answer to these desires in the relation of man and the sense of his existence to the person of Christ. I also consider Granat’s opinion about the role of the Catholic church today. I would like to draw your attention to the fact that Granat clearly emphasized the deep spiritual and apostolic dimension of the Church, pointing out that the Church is above all the Mystical Body of Christ. Therefore, the fundamental task of the Church is to unite God’s children around Christ. The Church also has a duty to proclaim to man that he cannot understand himself without Christ. The Church accomplishes these goals by administering the sacraments and moderating interreligious dialogue. I consider the issue of peace in his philosophical refl ection as well. According to Granat the source of peace is God. Man drawing his strength from his closeness with God can contribute to peace through mutual respectful relationships. At the state level the key role is played by the concern of each country for the common good and international cooperation in this field. In conclusion, I formulate summarizing remarks.The aim of the article is to present relevance of the personalistic Granat’s thought in the context of contemporary social challenges. In the article, I analyze the topic of Christian humanism in Granat’s thought. I point out that he saw the sources of this concept in man’s aspirations to learn the full truth about himself. Granat saw the final answer to these desires in the relation of man and the sense of his existence to the person of Christ. I also consider Granat’s opinion about the role of the Catholic church today. I would like to draw your attention to the fact that Granat clearly emphasized the deep spiritual and apostolic dimension of the Church, pointing out that the Church is above all the Mystical Body of Christ. Therefore, the fundamental task of the Church is to unite God’s children around Christ. The Church also has a duty to proclaim to man that he cannot understand himself without Christ. The Church accomplishes these goals by administering the sacraments and moderating interreligious dialogue. I consider the issue of peace in his philosophical refl ection as well. According to Granat the source of peace is God. Man drawing his strength from his closeness with God can contribute to peace through mutual respectful relationships. At the state level the key role is played by the concern of each country for the common good and international cooperation in this field. In conclusion, I formulate summarizing remarks
Teologiczna interpretacja pojęcia arché u wczesnych fi lozofów greckich: w kręgu teologii milezyjskich fi lozofów przyrody
Full text linkThe purpose of this article is an attempt to present one fundamental problem: identifi cation of the essential features of the arché in Milesian philosophers of nature by indicating possible relationships with theology. The theological interpretation of the Milesians indicates that arché does not merely have a material dimension, it is inherently external, going beyond, and consequently, the original principle contains a peculiar transcendence. In the concepts of natural philosophers, there is an archaic path to immortality, infi nity, and eternal existence, which are, in essence, divine attributes. There is a clear search to determine the relationship of divine sphere of existence with the world that we know from everyday experience. This means that the Milesians have found a plane on which the divine sphere and the temporal sphere can meet. There are certain frameworks within which there is an interaction between the divine element (constant and invariant) and temporal (transient and fi nite).The purpose of this article is an attempt to present one fundamental problem: identifi cation of the essential features of the arché in Milesian philosophers of nature by indicating possible relationships with theology. The theological interpretation of the Milesians indicates that arché does not merely have a material dimension, it is inherently external, going beyond, and consequently, the original principle contains a peculiar transcendence. In the concepts of natural philosophers, there is an archaic path to immortality, infi nity, and eternal existence, which are, in essence, divine attributes. There is a clear search to determine the relationship of divine sphere of existence with the world that we know from everyday experience. This means that the Milesians have found a plane on which the divine sphere and the temporal sphere can meet. There are certain frameworks within which there is an interaction between the divine element (constant and invariant) and temporal (transient and fi nite)
Medytacja i doświadczenie mistyczne w okresie formatywnym sufizmu
Full text linkSufism, Muslim mysticism, is a phenomenon inherent in Islam, existing almost from the beginning of this religion. In the article the view of Islamic sacred texts: the Qur’an and the Hadith, to the basic principles of Sufi sm: asceticism and meditation is discussed. The most important concepts of Sufi sm arising during the period of singular mystics, i.e. the formative times of Sufi sm (9th-11th century) are underlined. Concepts such as love for God, self-accountability, piety, and Union with God were presented and interpreted. Attention was also paid to the biographies of the most important mystics from this period, as recorded in the works of their successors.Sufism, Muslim mysticism, is a phenomenon inherent in Islam, existing almost from the beginning of this religion. In the article the view of Islamic sacred texts: the Qur’an and the Hadith, to the basic principles of Sufi sm: asceticism and meditation is discussed. The most important concepts of Sufi sm arising during the period of singular mystics, i.e. the formative times of Sufi sm (9th-11th century) are underlined. Concepts such as love for God, self-accountability, piety, and Union with God were presented and interpreted. Attention was also paid to the biographies of the most important mystics from this period, as recorded in the works of their successors
Dharma jako praktyczne studium umierania. Przyczynek do studiów nad podstawami mistyki buddyjskiej
Full text linkInspired by the Platonic defi nition of philosophy as preparation for death, the author sketches the way indicated by the Buddha (dharma) as an action aimed at ending the elementary circumstances of life. In addition, he tries to show that despite interpretative controversy and changing cultural context, this action is reproduced in the history of Buddhism. So it has solid, unchanging foundations. To make his reasoning clear, the author explains the key concepts present in Buddhist doctrine: dharma, kamma (karman) and skilful means (upaya kauśalya).Inspired by the Platonic defi nition of philosophy as preparation for death, the author sketches the way indicated by the Buddha (dharma) as an action aimed at ending the elementary circumstances of life. In addition, he tries to show that despite interpretative controversy and changing cultural context, this action is reproduced in the history of Buddhism. So it has solid, unchanging foundations. To make his reasoning clear, the author explains the key concepts present in Buddhist doctrine: dharma, kamma (karman) and skilful means (upaya kauśalya)