Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
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O niektórych mitach, nieścisłościach i kontrowersjach w kwestii tureckiej wyprawy na Wiedeń w 1683 roku
Get PDFIn the article, the author has analyzed some myths, controversies and inaccuracies concerning the genesis, course and results of the armed expedition by Grand Vizier Kara Mustapha Pasha against Vienna in 1683. Some of them came into existence almost immediately after the victory at Vienna John III Sobieski, others were created or retained for various reasons later, especially in the Polish literature of the subject. One of the main purposes of the article is also the analysis of the media and film image of the Battle of Vienna. The article is an attempt to answer some research questions and some hypotheses on the basis of such written sources as the Turkish chronicles and the available literature of the subject.In the article, the author has analyzed some myths, controversies and inaccuracies concerning the genesis, course and results of the armed expedition by Grand Vizier Kara Mustapha Pasha against Vienna in 1683. Some of them came into existence almost immediately after the victory at Vienna John III Sobieski, others were created or retained for various reasons later, especially in the Polish literature of the subject. One of the main purposes of the article is also the analysis of the media and film image of the Battle of Vienna. The article is an attempt to answer some research questions and some hypotheses on the basis of such written sources as the Turkish chronicles and the available literature of the subject
Polityka mocarstw europejskich wobec Turcji w latach 1903-1914
Get PDFThe years 1903-1914 should be considered as the most interesting period in the activity of the great powers states in South-East Europe and Near East for a few reasons discussed below. In the final period of the formation of the antagonistic military-political alliances in Europe, the so called “Concert of Europe” mainly showed a great interest in maintaining the status quo and preventing any conflicts which could occupy their attention. These states also focused on Turkey and especially on its European dominion. As a result, they jointly conducted reforms in Macedonia or tried to prevent the outbreak of war between the High Porte and the Balkan allies in 1912. At the same time, the powers did not stop their endeavors to realize their own political or economic aims at the cost of Turkey (e.g. the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by Austro-Hungary in 1908, the occupation of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica by Italy in 1911). Their aim was to eliminate the influences and block the initiative of their competitors.The years 1903-1914 should be considered as the most interesting period in the activity of the great powers states in South-East Europe and Near East for a few reasons discussed below. In the final period of the formation of the antagonistic military-political alliances in Europe, the so called “Concert of Europe” mainly showed a great interest in maintaining the status quo and preventing any conflicts which could occupy their attention. These states also focused on Turkey and especially on its European dominion. As a result, they jointly conducted reforms in Macedonia or tried to prevent the outbreak of war between the High Porte and the Balkan allies in 1912. At the same time, the powers did not stop their endeavors to realize their own political or economic aims at the cost of Turkey (e.g. the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by Austro-Hungary in 1908, the occupation of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica by Italy in 1911). Their aim was to eliminate the influences and block the initiative of their competitors
Związek kryzysu państwa Osmanów w okresie interregnum (1403-1413) z wasalnymi państwami ościennymi. Kierunek rumelijski
Get PDFAfter the defeat of Bayezid in the battle of Ankara (28 July 1402) the Ottoman state passed through a period of political instability combined with dynastic war and and ethnic strife, and it remained divided until 1413. This period is known as the Interregnum (Fetret Dewri), during which four sons of Bayezid stoked claim to leadership over the Ottomans, while the Christian states tried to take the maximum advantage from the division of the Ottomans by supporting one prince against the others. At this time a strong European crusade might have pushed the Ottomans out of Europe or at least of Balkan countries, but the weakness and division of the south of the Danube and diversion to other matters to the north left an opportunity for the Ottomans to restore what had been crushed without significant loss.After the defeat of Bayezid in the battle of Ankara (28 July 1402) the Ottoman state passed through a period of political instability combined with dynastic war and and ethnic strife, and it remained divided until 1413. This period is known as the Interregnum (Fetret Dewri), during which four sons of Bayezid stoked claim to leadership over the Ottomans, while the Christian states tried to take the maximum advantage from the division of the Ottomans by supporting one prince against the others. At this time a strong European crusade might have pushed the Ottomans out of Europe or at least of Balkan countries, but the weakness and division of the south of the Danube and diversion to other matters to the north left an opportunity for the Ottomans to restore what had been crushed without significant loss
Turcy i Imperium Osmańskie w proroctwach południowosłowiańskich
Get PDFThe main aim of this work is the presentation and analysis of anti-turkish and anti-Islamic ideas found in the South Slavonic prophecies. Prophetic and apocalyptic literature developed in two connected directions in the Ottoman period among the Orthodox Slavs in the Balkans. On the one hand, old prophetic and apocalyptic material (such as the Revelation of Pseudo-Methodius, prophecies of Leo the Wise, the apocryphal Visions of Daniel) was actualized according to new historical-political circumstances. On the other hand, new anti-turkish prophecies were created in that period. However, marginal glosses, interpolations or compilations were often used in that process. Anti-Turkish and anti-Islamic ideas focused mainly on the future Ottoman doom and the image of the legendary emperor who was supposed to defeat the “Ishmaelites”.The main aim of this work is the presentation and analysis of anti-turkish and anti-Islamic ideas found in the South Slavonic prophecies. Prophetic and apocalyptic literature developed in two connected directions in the Ottoman period among the Orthodox Slavs in the Balkans. On the one hand, old prophetic and apocalyptic material (such as the Revelation of Pseudo-Methodius, prophecies of Leo the Wise, the apocryphal Visions of Daniel) was actualized according to new historical-political circumstances. On the other hand, new anti-turkish prophecies were created in that period. However, marginal glosses, interpolations or compilations were often used in that process. Anti-Turkish and anti-Islamic ideas focused mainly on the future Ottoman doom and the image of the legendary emperor who was supposed to defeat the “Ishmaelites
Dubrownicki benedyktyn Ludwik Tuberon de Crieva (Crijević) i jego zarys dziejów Turcji w pamiętniku politycznym Commentarii de temporibus suis
Get PDFOne of the first writers from Dubrovnik who has attempted to write a comprehensive history of Turkey was Benedictine Louis de Crieva called Tuberon (1458-1527). In the sixth book of his political memoir Commentarii de temporibus suis, he provided a description of the origin, customs and outline of the history of the Turks. The analysis of his work leads to conclusion, that it was a response to a great interest in this topic in the 16th Europe. Moreover, the author attempted to give a full lecture of the history of Turks, although he knew very little about the history of sultans in the 14th and the first half of the 15th century.One of the first writers from Dubrovnik who has attempted to write a comprehensive history of Turkey was Benedictine Louis de Crieva called Tuberon (1458-1527). In the sixth book of his political memoir Commentarii de temporibus suis, he provided a description of the origin, customs and outline of the history of the Turks. The analysis of his work leads to conclusion, that it was a response to a great interest in this topic in the 16th Europe. Moreover, the author attempted to give a full lecture of the history of Turks, although he knew very little about the history of sultans in the 14th and the first half of the 15th century
The Ottoman Macedonia between the politics of the young Turks and the Kingdom of Serbia: expectations and negotiations
No full textThe aim of the article is to analyze the politics of the Serbian Kingdom towards the newly created situation in Ottoman Macedonia, caused by the Young Turks Revolution in 1908. The activities of the Serbian Chetnik organization in Ottoman Macedonia were discontinued as a special Serbian political organization was established. The organisation was mostly interested in the following agenda: regulating the status of the so called “Serbian people” in the Ottoman Empire; regular use of the national name “Serb” instead of the general term “Rum”; expansion of the patriarchies privileges to the “Serbs” in Ottoman Macedonia.The aim of the article is to analyze the politics of the Serbian Kingdom towards the newly created situation in Ottoman Macedonia, caused by the Young Turks Revolution in 1908. The activities of the Serbian Chetnik organization in Ottoman Macedonia were discontinued as a special Serbian political organization was established. The organisation was mostly interested in the following agenda: regulating the status of the so called “Serbian people” in the Ottoman Empire; regular use of the national name “Serb” instead of the general term “Rum”; expansion of the patriarchies privileges to the “Serbs” in Ottoman Macedonia
Христо Христов, Операция „МАРАТОН”. Истината за кражбата на Паисиевата история от Държавна Сигурност в „Зограф”, изд. CIELA, София 2012, ss. 271.
Get PDFŽivot i delo akademika Bogumila Hrabaka. Međunarodni tematski zbornik, uredili i priredili Dragi Maliković, Marko Atlagić, Dalibor Elezović, izdavač: Filozofski fakultet Univerziteta u Prištini (sa privremenim sedištem u Kosovskoj Mitrovici), Kosovska Mitrovica 2011, s. 653 + 1 nlb., 3 fotografie, 7 grafik.
Get PDFZdenko Zlatar, Dubrovnik’s Merchants and Capital in the Ottoman Empire (1520-1620). A Quantitative Study, The Isis Press, Istanbul 2010, ss. 664.
Get PDFCele polityczne i terytorialne Królestwa Czarnogóry w przededniu i w trakcie I wojny bałkańskiej
Get PDFMontenegro, the smallest of the Balkan states in the beginning of the 20th century, was especially interested in creating an anti-Turkish alliance. It aimed at attaching the fertile lands of Sandžak of Novi Pazar, Metohija and Shkodër. Finally, as a result of the I Balkan War, it managed to achieve the first two aims, only if partially, because it had to share those lands with Serbia. Montenegro did not manage to take over control of Shkodër and the surroundings inhabited mainly by Albanians. There were many reasons why Montenegro did not manage to realize its territorial aspirations: – the poor financial condition of the state of Montenegro on the eve of the war, which prevented them from gaining a strong position in the Balkan alliance and made a success in its military actions dependent on the allies, especially on Serbia; – the detrimental pressure exerted by king Nicolas I to fight at any cost for the control over Shkodër; – a conflict of interest and mistakes made by the Montenegro authorities in developing their relations with Serbia, which weighed later on the relations between Montenegro and Serbia in the period between the Balkan wars and the First World War, as well as at the time when Yugoslavia began to unite around the idea of building the common state. – not appreciating to a sufficient degree the significance of the Albanian problem and not using the possession of the North Albanian lands as a bargaining chip in the relations with neighbors, particularly with Serbia.Montenegro, the smallest of the Balkan states in the beginning of the 20th century, was especially interested in creating an anti-Turkish alliance. It aimed at attaching the fertile lands of Sandžak of Novi Pazar, Metohija and Shkodër. Finally, as a result of the I Balkan War, it managed to achieve the first two aims, only if partially, because it had to share those lands with Serbia. Montenegro did not manage to take over control of Shkodër and the surroundings inhabited mainly by Albanians. There were many reasons why Montenegro did not manage to realize its territorial aspirations: – the poor financial condition of the state of Montenegro on the eve of the war, which prevented them from gaining a strong position in the Balkan alliance and made a success in its military actions dependent on the allies, especially on Serbia; – the detrimental pressure exerted by king Nicolas I to fight at any cost for the control over Shkodër; – a conflict of interest and mistakes made by the Montenegro authorities in developing their relations with Serbia, which weighed later on the relations between Montenegro and Serbia in the period between the Balkan wars and the First World War, as well as at the time when Yugoslavia began to unite around the idea of building the common state. – not appreciating to a sufficient degree the significance of the Albanian problem and not using the possession of the North Albanian lands as a bargaining chip in the relations with neighbors, particularly with Serbia