R-USJ Institutional Repository (Universidad San Jorge)
Not a member yet
2877 research outputs found
Sort by
Maximal Respiratory Pressure Reference Equations in Healthy Adults and Cut-off Points for Defining Respiratory Muscle Weakness
No full textIntroduction: Maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (PImax/PEmax) reference
equations obtained in healthy people are needed to correctly interpret respiratory muscle
strength. Currently, no clear cut-off points defining respiratory muscle weakness are
available. We aimed to establish sex-specific reference equations for PImax/PEmax in a
large sample of healthy adults and to objectively determine cut-off points for respiratory
muscle weakness.
Methods: A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted across 14 Spanish centres.
Healthy non-smoking volunteers aged 18-80 years stratified by sex and age were
recruited. PImax/PEmax were assessed using uniform methodology according to
international standards. Multiple linear regressions were used to obtain reference
equations. Cut-off points for respiratory muscle weakness were established by using Tscores.
Results: The final sample consisted of 610 subjects (314 females; 48 [standard deviation,
SD: 17] years). Reference equations for PImax/PEmax included body mass index and a
squared term of the age as independent variables for both sexes (p<0.01). Cut-off points
for respiratory muscle weakness based on T-scores ≥2.5 SD below the peak mean value
achieved at a young age were: 62 and 83cmH2O for PImax and 81 and 109cmH2O for
PEmax in females and males, respectively.
Conclusion: These reference values, based on the largest dataset collected in a European
population to date using uniform methodology, help identify cut-off points for respiratory
muscle weakness in females and males. These data will help to better identify the
presence of respiratory muscle weakness and to determine indications for interventions
to improve respiratory muscle function.
Keywords: Adults; Healthy volunteers; Maximal respiratory pressures; Muscle strength;
Reference values; Respiratory function tests; Respiratory muscles.This work was funded by a research grant from the Span-ish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR), project615/2018 and from The Official College of Physiotherapists fromGalicia (CoFiGa). Margarita Barral-Fernández was awarded a grantby SEPAR to work full-time on this project for 12 months. Fundingfor open access charge: Universidade da Coru˜na/CISUG
SEAs BIOLOGÍA: Investigación basada en diseño de secuencias de enseñanza y aprendizaje de Biología para escuelas técnicas
Get PDFSEAs Biología is a proposal to renew the approach to Biology in high schools in Santa Fe, Argentina, to arouse the interest of students of the professional technical modality in the natural sciences, promoting meaningful learning, from a collaborative work proposal. It consists of the design and implementation of teaching and learning sequences (SEAs) as cognitive tools. To provide theoretical knowledge about these designs and the results of their implementation, we apply Design-Based Research (DBR) as a methodological framework, following the approach towards action. After two iterations in the redesign of the prototype, we conclude that the SEAs Biología allow students to be interested in achieving significant learning when curricular contents are connected with current issues and debates on the incidence of science in daily life and the environment and contemporary world.SEAs Biología es una propuesta para renovar el abordaje de la Biología en las escuelas secundarias de Santa Fe, Argentina, para despertar el interés de los estudiantes de la modalidad técnico profesional por las ciencias naturales, promoviendo el aprendizaje significativo, desde una propuesta de trabajo colaborativo.
Consiste en el diseño e implementación de secuencias de enseñanza y aprendizaje (SEAs) como herramientas cognitivas.
Para aportar conocimiento teórico sobre estos diseños y los resultados de su implementación, aplicamos una investigación basada en diseño (IBD) como marco metodológico, siguiendo el enfoque hacia la acción.
Luego de dos iteraciones en el rediseño del prototipo, podemos concluir que las SEAs de Biología permiten interesar a los estudiantes para lograr un aprendizaje significativo cuando se conectan los contenidos curriculares con cuestiones y debates actuales sobre la incidencia de la ciencia en la vida cotidiana y el mundo contemporáneo
Relationship between Participation in Daily Life Activities andPhysical Activity in Stroke Survivors: A Protocol for aSystematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textStroke survivors undertake low levels of physical activity and participation in daily life
activities, but the correlation between these two domains still carries some degree of uncertainty.
This systematic review and meta-analyses-based data synthesis will aim to describe and estimate the
relationship between participation in daily life activities and physical activity in stroke survivors.
Six databases (MEDLINE/PubMed,Web of Science, Scopus, PEDro, SPORTDiscus, and Rehabilitation
& Sport Medicine Source) will be searched. Studies assessing participation alongside physical activity
levels in adult stroke survivors in English or Spanish will be included. The study selection, assessment
of the risk of bias, and data extraction will be conducted independently by two investigators. If
available, correlation values between physical activity and participation outcomes will be extracted.
The Hedges–Olkin method will be used for pooling correlation values between participation and
physical activity measures. Subgroup analyses will be performed according to the time elapsed
since the stroke (i.e., 6 months and >6 months). This will be the first systematic review with a
meta-analysis to provide information on the relationship between physical activity and participation
in stroke survivors. Findings are likely to inform the design of health prevention protocols and the
development of healthy behavior change interventions.This work was supported by "Ayudas a Proyectos Internos de Investigacion Universidad San Jorge curso 2022-2023" grant number PI 2023 MOTUS-2223024. J.B.-A. is supported by the Grant PIF 2022-2026 from "Gobierno de Aragon", Spain. Authors C.d.D.-A., J.B.-A., A.B.-E., R.G.-N., M.P.L.-R., P.R.-P., V.D.-G. and P.B.-L. are members of the research group MOTUS supported by "Gobierno de Aragon" (n. B60_23D). The funders did not have any role in this study
Buenas Prácticas de Innovación Docente en el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (vol. X)
No full textThe call to promote educational innovation and to increase the quality in the teaching-learning process takes special relevance in the European Higher Education Area. The challenge lies in clarifying what innovation means and how to implement it. The application of new tools, methodologies, and practices to sustain more active and meaningful learning also requires a deep reflection on the goals pursued, as well as on the methods teachers use to help achieve these goals.La llamada a promover la innovación educativa y la calidad en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje adquiere una relevancia especial en la implantación del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. El reto reside, sin lugar a dudas, en clarificar qué significa innovar y dónde es necesario hacerlo. Promover la aplicación de herramientas, metodologías y experiencias que favorezcan aprendizajes más activos y significativos requiere igualmente una reflexión profunda de los docentes sobre los objetivos que se persiguen, así como sobre los métodos que utilizan para favorecer que dichas finalidades se consigan
Gauging the Media Discourse and the Roots of Islamophobia Awareness in Spain
No full textThis article analyses the media discourse about Islamophobia in Spain. Specifically, an
overview of all the appearances of the term in four Spanish newspapers (ABC, El Mundo, El País, and
La Vanguardia) is provided with the aim of finding out when the term was first used and became
standard language. The study also demonstrates the links with the public interest and identifies the
ideological and terminological attitudes in the discourse of each newspaper. The corpus includes
1475 news articles since the first reference (in 1987) to the term Islamophobia and May 2022, which
were quantitatively examined in two steps. While the first was manual and served to document
the historical background, the second allowed us to monitor the media content by means of Sketch
Engine. Furthermore, the searches for the term “islamofobia” in Google Trends from Spain were
also reviewed. The main findings show that both terrorist attacks in Western countries and the
controversies surrounding freedom of speech are key to the emergence and normalisation of the
concept, particularly since 2015. However, the interest of each newspaper differs, with El País covering
the topic most frequently. This left-wing newspaper offers some notable variations in terminology as
well. While the three right-wing newspapers consistently relate Islamophobia to threat, the vocabulary
used in El País underpins the victimisation of the Arab-Islamic population. According to the Sketch
Engine analysis, the usual terms that occur in combination with Islamophobia are racism, terrorism,
violence, hate, anti-semitism, and xenophobia. Finally, Google Trends data confirmed the peak in
public interest in the Barcelona and Cambrils attacks (17A).This work was partially funded (850 euros) by Departamento de Ciencia, Universidad y Sociedad del Conocimiento, from the Gobierno de Aragon (Spain) (Research Group S05_23R)
Influence of walking speed on gait spatiotemporal parameters and the functional rockers of the foot in healthy adults
Get PDFBackground
The gait cycle is generally divided into stance phase and swing phase. The stance phase can also be divided into three functional rockers, each with a distinct fulcrum. It has been shown that walking speed (WS) influences both stance and swing phase but its influence on the functional foot rockers duration is unknown. The aim of the study was to analyze the WS influence on functional foot rockers duration.
Methods
a cross-sectional study is completed with 99 healthy volunteers to assess the effect of WS on kinematics and foot rockers duration in treadmill walking at 4, 5, and 6 km·h-1
Results
Friedman test exhibited that all spatiotemporal variables and the length of the foot rockers changed significantly with WS (p < 0.05) except rocker 1 at 4 and 6 km·h-1.
Conclusion
Every spatiotemporal parameter and the duration of the three functional rockers are affected by walking speed, although not all rockers are affected equally. The findings of this study reveal that Rocker 2 is the primary rocker whose duration is influenced by changes in gait spee
Running Economy in the Vertical Kilometer
Get PDFNew and promising variables are being developed to analyze performance and fatigue in trail running, such as mechanical power, metabolic power, metabolic cost of transport and mechanical efficiency. The aim of this study was to analyze the behavior of these variables during a real vertical kilometer field test. Fifteen trained trail runners, eleven men (from 22 to 38 years old) and four women (from 19 to 35 years old) performed a vertical kilometer with a length of 4.64 km and 835 m positive slope. During the entire race, the runners were equipped with portable gas analyzers (Cosmed K5) to assess their cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses breath by breath. Significant differences were found between top-level runners versus low-level runners in the mean values of the variables of mechanical power, metabolic power and velocity. A repeated-measures ANOVA showed significant differences between the sections, the incline and the interactions between all the analyzed variables, in addition to differences depending on the level of the runner. The variable of mechanical power can be statistically significantly predicted from metabolic power and vertical net metabolic COT. An algebraic expression was obtained to calculate the value of metabolic power. Integrating the variables of mechanical power, vertical velocity and metabolic power into phone apps and smartwatches is a new opportunity to improve performance monitoring in trail running
Assimilating Foreigners into Nascent Rome’s Imperium Dionysius of Halicarnassus and Livy on Rome’s First Expansion
Get PDFThrough a comparison of how Dionysius and Livy depict the rape of the Sabine women and Rome’s subsequent wars with her Latin neighbors and Titus Tatius’ Sabines, this paper analyzes how these two historians understand the early expansion of Roman imperium. While previous scholarship has argued that Livy presents a rather sanitized version of the integration of the Sabine women into Roman society, less attention has been paid to Dionysius’ depiction of this process. A comparison with Livy shows how instead of conceiving of the process as easy or seamless, Dionysius includes a steady stream of details that point to the difficulty and messiness of this process. Particular attention is paid to the depiction of violence, childbirth and political integration to highlight the meaningful differences between the each historian’s telling of Rome’s nascent empire.Esta contribución analiza el modo en que Dionisio y Tito Livio entienden la temprana expansión del imperium romano a través del estudio de los pasajes relativos al rapto de las Sabinas y a las consiguientes guerras con los pueblos vecinos, tanto los latinos como los sabinos de Tito Tacio. Si bien es cierto que la historiografía tradicional ha defendido que Livio ofrece una versión edulcorada de la integración de las sabinas en la sociedad romana, también lo es que menos atención ha recibido el relato de Dionisio de Halicarnaso, quien presenta un panorama más complejo. Así, al compararlo con Livio, se demuestra cómo el heleno está lejos de concebir este proceso como fácil o ininterrumpido, incluyendo un flujo continuo de detalles que apuntan a la gran dificultad y al caos imperante en el mismo. Especial atención se presta al modo en que cada historiador representa la violencia sexual, el alumbramiento y la integración política, para así subrayar las diferencias entre los relatos de estos dos autores sobre el naciente imperium romano
Proximity Sports as a Sustainable Strategy for the Promotion of Physical Activity at an Early Age: The KIA Project
Get PDFThis paper presents the main results of the Kids in Action (KIA) project, which aimed to
promote physical activity and sport among children aged 3 to 11, by linking the education, sports, and
family sectors. It applies the concepts of proximity consumption and the 15-min city to sustainable
and healthy habits. This study aims to evaluate the application of the concept of proximity to the
provision of physical sports activities from an early age to reduce the drop-out rate of PA through
collaboration between schools, local government, and the sports sector. A mixed methodology
was used, applying a survey and interviews with the stakeholders to identify good practices when
promoting physical activity at an early age. A total of 147 children and 10 adults (3 family members,
4 school managers or teachers, and 3 sports managers) participated. The main results included
the importance of introducing sport and providing adequate facilities, namely through guided
workshops. It influences not only the actual participation in sport but also the intention to continue
practicing it. It is observed that children with less affinity for conventional sports benefit particularly
from initiatives such as the KIA program. On the other hand, the lack of available resources and the
influence of sports culture in families are considered the main barriers. They are factors that harm the
quality of participation.This research was funded by the European Commission, grant number 622130-EPP-1-2020-1-PT-SPO-SSCP
Antidiabetic and anti‑obesity properties of a polyphenol‑rich flower extract from Tagetes erecta L. and its effects on Caenorhabditis elegans fat storages
Get PDFDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by a high blood sugar level that can cause severe complications
to the organism or even death when not treated. However, certain dietary habits and foods may have beneficial effects
on this condition. A polyphenolic-rich extract (containing hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercetin, ellagic acid, and vanillic
acid) of Tageres erecta L. (T. erecta) was obtained from yellow and orange flowers using an ethanolic Soxhlet extraction.
These extracts were screened for antidiabetic and anti-obesity properties using in vitro and in vivo procedures. The capacity
to inhibit the enzymes lipase and α-glucosidase, as well as the inhibition of advance glycation end-products (AGEs) was
tested in vitro. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was used as an obesity in vivo model to assess extracts effects on fat
accumulation using the wild-type strain N2 and a mutant with no N3 fatty acid desaturase activity BX24. Extracts from both
cultivars (yellow and orange) T. erecta presented in vitro inhibitory activity against the enzymes lipase and α-glucosidase,
showing lower IC50
values than acarbose (control). They also showed important activity in preventing AGEs formation. The
polyphenol-rich matrices reduced the fat content of obese worms in the wild-type strain (N2) down to levels of untreated C.
elegans, with no significant differences found between negative control (100% reduction) and both tested samples (p < 0.05).
Meanwhile, the fat reduction was considerably lower in the BX24 mutants (fat-1(wa-9)), suggesting that N3 fatty acid
desaturase activity could be partially involved in the T. erecta flower effect. Our findings suggested that polyphenols from T.
erecta can be considered candidate bioactive compounds in the prevention and improvement of metabolic chronic diseases
such as obesity and diabetes.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This research was funded by Government of Aragon (financial support of the group B44_20D-Phyto-Pharm: Principios vegetales bioactivos y ciencias farmacéuticas), Universidad San Jorge Proyecto Interno 2122028 and Universidad de Zaragoza (JIUZ-2021-BIO-08)