R-USJ Institutional Repository (Universidad San Jorge)
Not a member yet
2877 research outputs found
Sort by
Efecto de un protocolo de movilidad de tobillo en deportistas de crossfit con restricción de la flexión dorsal de tobillo en la cinemática tridimensional del hombro durante un movimiento de “squat snatch”: Protocolo de un ensayo clínico aleatorizado Autor
Get PDFIntroducción: CrossFit fusiona la gimnasia balística y el levantamiento de pesas olímpico con ejercicios convencionales, sometiendo al complejo del hombro a una presión significativa durante el entrenamiento con pesas. La ejecución de ejercicios típicos, como el “squat snatch”, a menudo coloca al hombro en posiciones desfavorables, generando desequilibrios articulares y musculares propensos a lesiones. La búsqueda de niveles más altos de rendimiento por parte del levantador, junto con la posición desfavorable del manguito rotador y la realización de movimientos en series con repeticiones extensas y cargas pesadas, puede resultar en fatiga muscular, deterioro técnico y alteración en la alineación del hombro. En la sentadilla con barra, gesto deportivo, en cuanto a extremidades inferiores, similar al “squat snatch”, mantener el centro de gravedad vertical para garantizar el equilibrio es esencial, requiriendo la aplicación de principios de antropometría y biomecánica. La movilidad del tobillo, relacionada con el ángulo del tronco, se presenta como un factor clave en esta técnica. Objetivos: En primer lugar, evaluar la influencia que tiene una limitación en la flexión dorsal del tobillo en la cinemática del hombro durante el movimiento de crossfit/halterofilia “squat snatch” y por otro lado, en aquellos deportistas de crossfit con una limitación en la flexión dorsal de tobillo, evaluar el efecto de un programa de movilidad de tobillo en la cinemática de tobillo y hombro durante la ejecución de un “squat snatch”. Material y métodos: Protocolo de un ensayo clínico aleatorizado prospectivo doble ciego en el que la muestra se reclutará de diferentes box de crossfit en Navarra y será distribuida en dos grupos: grupo control (Programa educación técnica “squat snatch” + 4 entrenamientos de crossfit/semana) y grupo intervención (Programa de automovilización de tobillo + 4 entrenamientos de crossfit/semana). Los pacientes serán evaluados antes de comenzar el estudio, una vez finalizada la intervención y al mes y a los 3 meses tras finalizar la intervención. Se analizarán los cambios pre y post intervención en el ROM de flexión dorsal de tobillo y flexión/ABD/RE de hombro en el punto más bajo de la ejecución del movimiento “squat snatch”. Resultados esperados: Se espera encontrar una mejora significativa en el ROM de flexión dorsal del tobillo tras la intervención, la cual podría repercutir en menores compensaciones a nivel proximal, en última instancia en la articulación del hombro, durante la ejecución del movimiento “squat snatch” Conclusión: La aplicación de un programa de automovilización de tobillo, podría generar un mayor ROM de flexión dorsal del tobillo, el cual evitaría posibles compensaciones de las articulaciones proximales, para así mantener el equilibrio durante la ejecución de un “squat snatch”ntroduction: CrossFit fuses ballistic gymnastics and Olympic weightlifting with conventional exercises, putting significant stress on the shoulder complex during weight training. Performing typical exercises, such as the squat snatch, often places the shoulder in unfavourable positions, creating joint and muscle imbalances that are prone to injury. The lifter's pursuit of higher levels of performance, coupled with unfavourable rotator cuff positioning and the performance of movements in sets with extensive repetitions and heavy loads, can result in muscle fatigue, technical deterioration and altered shoulder alignment. In the barbell squat, a lower limb sporting gesture similar to the squat snatch, maintaining a vertical centre of gravity to ensure balance is essential, requiring the application of anthropometric and biomechanical principles. The mobility of the ankle, related to the angle of the trunk, is a key factor in this technique. Objectives: Firstly, to evaluate the influence that a limitation in dorsal flexion of the ankle has on the kinematics of the shoulder during the crossfit/halterophilia movement "squat snatch" and secondly, in those crossfit athletes with a limitation in dorsal flexion of the ankle, to evaluate the effect of an ankle mobility programme on the kinematics of the ankle and shoulder during the execution of a squat snatch. Material and methods: Protocol of a prospective double-blind randomised clinical trial in which the sample will be recruited from different crossfit boxes in Pamplona and will be distributed into two groups: control group (squat snatch technical education programme + 4 crossfit training sessions/week) and intervention group (ankle self-mobilisation programme + 4 crossfit training sessions/week). Patients will be evaluated before starting the study, once the intervention is finished and at one month and 3 months after finishing the intervention. Pre- and post-intervention changes in ankle dorsiflexion ROM and shoulder flexion/ABD/RE at the lowest point of the squat snatch movement will be analysed. Expected results: We expect to find a significant improvement in dorsiflexion ROM after the intervention, which could result in less compensation at the proximal level, ultimately at the shoulder joint, during the execution of the squat snatch movement. Conclusion: The application of an ankle self-mobilisation programme could generate a greater ROM of dorsal ankle flexion, which would avoid possible compensations of the proximal joints, in order to maintain balance during the execution of a squat snatch
Integración de un programa de entrenamiento de miembros inferiores y tronco en atletas con un síndrome de pinzamiento subacromial: un protocolo de ensayo clínico aleatorizado.
Get PDFIntroducción: El dolor subacromial es común en atletas con movimientos repetidos por encima de la cabeza. La tendinopatía del manguito rotador es una complicación frecuente, especialmente en deportes como voleibol, béisbol y natación. Dado que un programa de entrenamiento de hombro ya ha demostrado su contribución, sería pertinente asociarlo con un programa de entrenamiento de MMII y tronco para optimizar esta ventana de recuperación. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de un programa de entrenamiento que integra ejercicios para el tronco, miembros inferiores y superiores, con el objetivo de reducir el dolor debido a una tendinopatía del manguito rotador, consecuencia de un SIS en atletas que realizan movimientos repetidos por encima de la cabeza, utilizando la escala NPRS después de 6 semanas de entrenamiento, en comparación a solo un programa de entrenamiento dirigido al hombro. Métodos: Es un ensayo clínico aleatorizado en dos grupos: grupo control con programa de entrenamiento de hombro y grupo experimental con programa de entrenamiento de hombro, MMII y tronco. Se recluta pacientes con tendinopatía del manguito rotador, presentando con pruebas funcionales (Jobes, Hawkings y Empty) y ecografía. Siguen un protocolo común durante un mes, basado en el entrenamiento del hombro lesionado. Se valora como variable primaria el dolor con la escala NPRS, y como variables secundarias la funcionalidad del miembro lesionado mediante la escala FAST y la prueba YBT-UQ, el rango de movimiento con un goniómetro y la fuerza muscular con un HHD. Resultados esperados: Se espera una mejoría significativa de cada una de las variables en los dos grupos, con una diferencia significativa a favor del grupo intervención en las evaluaciones intermedias y final. Conclusión: La integración del programa de entrenamiento de MMII y de tronco en los pacientes que tienen una tendinopatía del manguito rotador, consecuencia de un SIS puede tener efectos beneficiosos en el dolor, en la función del miembro lesionado, así como en el rango de movimiento del hombro y en la fuerza muscular.Introduction: Subacromial pain is common in athletes with repeated overhead movements. Rotator cuff tendinopathy is a common complication, especially in sports such as volleyball, baseball and swimming. Since a shoulder training programme has already proven its contribution, it would be pertinent to associate it with an MMII and trunk training programme to optimise this recovery window. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a training programme integrating trunk, lower limb and upper limb exercises to reduce pain due to rotator cuff tendinopathy resulting from SIS in overhead repetitive motion athletes using the NPRS after 6 weeks of training compared to a shoulder training programme alone. Methods: It is a randomised clinical trial in two groups: control group with shoulder training program and experimental group with shoulder, MMII and trunk training program. Patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy are recruited, presenting with functional tests (Jobes, Hawkings and Empty) and ultrasound. They follow a common protocol for one month, based on training the injured shoulder. Pain was assessed as a primary variable with the NPRS scale, and as secondary variables the functionality of the injured limb with the FAST scale and the YBT-UQ test, range of motion with a goniometer and muscle strength with a HHD. Expected results: Significant improvement in each of the variables is expected in both groups, with a significant difference in favour of the intervention group at the mid-term and final assessments. Conclusion: The integration of an MMII and trunk training programme in patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy resulting from SIS can have beneficial effects on pain, function of the injured limb, as well as shoulder range of motion and muscle strength
The effects of resisted sprint training programs on vertical jump, linear sprint and change of direction speed in male soccer players: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFPurpose: This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to observe the effects of resisted sprint training (RST) on jump ability, linear sprint, and change of direction speed (CODS) performance in male soccer players. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and SportDiscus electronic databases were used as information resources from interception until 30 October 2023. A PICOS (participants, intervention, comparators, outcomes, and study design) approach was used to rate studies’ eligibility. Results:The results of the overall effects on RST showed a significant and moderate improvement between pre- and post-test on full sprint time [effect size (ES) -0.85 (95% confidence interval (CI) – 1.62, -0.09), Z=2.20 (p = 0.03)]. Resisted sprint training was associated with significant moderate improvement in CODS [ES -0.92 (95% CI – 1.63, -0.20), Z=2.51 (p = 0.01)]. Pooled effects of RST on vertical jump height performance showed small and not significant improvements between pre- and post-test [ES 0.28 (95% CI – 0.17, 0.73), Z=1.23 (p = 0.22)]. Conclusions: Also, regarding the moderator variables, the subgroup analysis suggested high levels of between-group heterogeneity only with session volume in sprint time and CODS performance. Resisted sprint training effectively enhances linear sprint time and CODS performance in male soccer players, whereas this improvement was not significant for vertical jump height
Effects of plyometric training on running biomechanics and jumping ability of U14 athletes
Get PDFCardiel-Sánchez, S, Rubio-Peirotén, A, Molina-Molina, A, García-Cebadera Gómez, C, Almenar-Arasanz, A, Ráfales-Perucha, A, Roche-Seruendo, LE, and Cartón-Llorente, A. Effects of plyometric training on running biomechanics and jumping ability of U14 athletes. J Strength Cond Res 38(11): e656–e663, 2024—Children under the age of 14 years (U14) are particularly susceptible to musculoskeletal disorders because of growth spurts. Plyometric training has been shown to be beneficial for both injury reduction and performance enhancement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of plyometric training on the jumping ability and running biomechanics of U14 track-and-field athletes. A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted. Thirty-five (18 female and 17 male) U14 athletes (age: 12.5 ± 1.2 years; height: 152.3 ± 7.7 cm; body mass: 47.3 ± 6.9 kg) were randomized into experimental and control groups. All subjects completed their usual training for 4 weeks, and those in the intervention group added a low-volume plyometric program twice a week. Preintervention and postintervention assessments included a countermovement jump (CMJ) to determine maximum jump height, 10-second repeated jumps to assess reactive strength index (RSI), and a 3-minute run at 12 km·h−1 to analyze running kinematics contact time, flight time, step length (SL), step frequency (SF), mean power output, vertical spring stiffness, and leg spring stiffness (LSS). The results revealed no main effect of time for any of the variables. A group-by-time interaction was found for RSI (p = 0.045) in the intervention group, whereas a significant increase in LSS was also found after the intervention (p = 0.031). However, no changes in CMJ height or other running parameters were observed. The significance level for the study was set at ρ ≤ 0.05. Plyometric-jump training may improve the stretch-shortening cycle in U14 athletes by increasing RSI and LSS. Athletes and coaches in running-related sports should be aware of these short-term effects when aiming to optimize the energy storage and release mechanism.This study received financial funding from the Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spai
La representación de lo amazige en la prensa española: entre lo exótico y lo araboislámico
Get PDFThis study examines the thematic and terminological agenda of the Amazigh, or Berber, heritage with the aim of deciphering the rhetoric in the Spanish press and the recognition given to this culture. Specifically, 454 articles from eight newspapers collected between January 2018 and June 2019 were quantitatively and qualitatively analysed. The results show the preponderance of the term ‘Berber’ over ‘Amazigh’ or ‘Imazighen’, as well as the relevance of historical or international political topics when these terms are mentioned. Broadly speaking, it is concluded that perspectives on the Amazigh gravitate between invisibility, superficiality, exoticism, and conceptual dependence on the Arab-Islamic.Este trabajo analiza la agenda temática y terminológica de lo amazige y lo bereber con el propósito de descifrar su reconocimiento y el discurso mantenido por la prensa española. En concreto, se estudian cuantitativa y cualitativamente 454 artículos recabados de ocho diarios entre enero de 2018 y junio de 2019. Los resultados demuestran la preponderancia del vocablo ‘bereber’ frente a ‘amazigh’ o ‘imazighen’, así como la relevancia de los temas históricos o de política internacional. A grandes rasgos, se concluye que lo amazige gravita entre la invisibilidad, la superficialidad, el exotismo, y la dependencia conceptual respecto a lo arabo-islámico
Exploring patients and caregivers needs and experiences in oncological physiotherapy: a call for collaborative care
Get PDFThis study investigates whether the full potential of physiotherapy is being utilized for cancer patients and their caregivers at all stages of the oncological process, aiming to identify gaps and opportunities for improvement. Through the World Café co-design methodology, cancer survivors and caregivers engaged in discussions that provided diverse perspectives on the role of physiotherapy in oncology. The study found that there are significant gaps in both systematic referrals to physiotherapists and their integration into care teams. Key findings underscore the need for more humanized healthcare, with an emphasis on effective communication and empathy from healthcare professionals. The lack of awareness about the full potential of physiotherapy in oncology was identified as a major barrier to access, along with a demand for the recognition of specialized oncological physiotherapists. The study suggests that future efforts should focus on increasing the visibility of physiotherapy in oncology, integrating specialized physiotherapists into care teams, and enhancing the emotional education of healthcare professionals to provide more compassionate care
Form, space, light and color: creative variables driving language and architectural project
Get PDFIntroducción: En la década de los setenta, consolidadas las vanguardias arquitectónicas del siglo XX, teóricos como Fernando Chueca manifestaban la necesidad de afianzar un lenguaje arquitectónico que contribuyese al ancestral, pero vigente, promulgado en las edades clásicas. Advirtiendo esa armonía de la arquitectura con el lenguaje que Charles Jencks asociaba a la corriente posmoderna, esta investigación propone una revisión de diversos principios eminentemente gráficos que contribuyen a la praxis del proyecto ponderando el dialecto arquitectónico que formulan. Metodología: Se plantea un análisis de la sintaxis y la semántica, transcritas en morfología y relato, que deparan a la secuencia proyectual arquitectónica variables creativas como la forma y el espacio, así como —unificadas— la luz y su consecuencia, el color. Resultados: Una sistemática cuya repercusión brinda a la experiencia del usuario los patrones lineales y tecnológicos de Foster, los monumentales espacios verticales que erige Piano o las sensaciones cromáticas de la obra de Ito. Discusión: La propia, de carácter procedimental, que entablan las citadas variables con el paradigma arquitectónico que intervienen. Conclusiones: La actividad arquitectónica halla en su gramática, formulada a modo sintagmas o de variables creativas, un catalizador experimental que instruye y conecta el proceso constructivo con la percepción que la obra genera en el observador.Departamento de Ciencia, Universidad y Sociedad del Conocimiento, del Gobierno de AragónEste trabajo ha sido parcialmente financiado por el Departamento de Ciencia, Universidad y Sociedad del Conocimiento, del Gobierno de Aragón (España) –Grupo de investigación S67-23D
Search-based co-creation of software models: The case of particle systems for video games
Get PDFContext:
The video game industry is one of the fastest-growing industries in the world. However, the creation of content is the bottleneck of the industry nowadays.
Objective:
In this paper, we propose a new approach for co-creating content by means of combining an evolutionary algorithm Map-Elites, and software models. Our approach involves generating a large number of software models and selecting the best ones based on a fitness function. This fitness function is guided by the human, who chooses which content fits their interests best.
Method:
We evaluated this approach in the domain of Particle Systems (PS). PS are a popular type of content used to create visual effects such as explosions, fire, smoke, or rain. Our evaluation also involves industry experts of different roles in the video game development process. Using our approach, they were tasked to create PS for their games. Then, they compared the generated models with handmade ones.
Results:
Our results show that practitioners chose the generated models four out of five times over handmade ones as a better fit for their projects. Furthermore, models created with our approach by non-experts in five minutes are similar in quality to the ones hand-made by an expert in 15 min.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, using human artistic taste to guide the algorithm renders positive results in creative tasks such as content generation for video games. With minor adjustments, the generated content can be game-ready, accelerating development
Influence of Vertical-Oriented vs. Horizontal-Oriented Combined Strength Training in Young Basketball Players
Get PDFSánchez-Sabaté, J, Gutiérrez, H, Marco-Contreras, LA, Younes-Egana, O, Gonzalo-Skok, O, and Piedrafita, E. Influence of vertical-oriented vs. horizontal-oriented combined strength training in young basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 38(7): 1280–1287, 2024—This study aimed to compare the effects of 8-week combined vertical-oriented vs. horizontal-oriented training interventions in basketball athletes. Eighteen highly trained U-16 basketball players participated in this study and were randomly assigned to either a combined vertical-oriented training group (CVG, n = 9) or a combined horizontal-oriented training group (CHG, n = 9). Bilateral and unilateral vertical jump height, unilateral horizontal jump distance, 5-m, 10-m, and 20-m sprint times, change-of-direction sprint times, and a limb symmetry index were among the measured performance variables. Combined strength training was performed twice a week for 8 weeks. CVG was compounded by the squat exercise (3 sets of 6–8 R at 30–45% 1 repetition maximum [1RM]), jump squats (2 sets of 6 R, at 5–12.5% body mass [BM]), and vertical jumps (3–4 sets × 6 R). CHG included the hip thrust exercise (3 sets of 6–8 R at 30–45% 1RM), sled towing sprints (2–3 R, at 5–12.5% BM), and sprints (3–4 R of 20-m). Within-group differences showed significant (p 80%) improvements in unilateral vertical jumping with the right leg after both training interventions. By contrast, only CHG improved 5-m, 10-m, and 20-m sprint times (p 80%). Significant effects were observed for CHG compared with CVG in 5-m, 10-m, and 20-m sprint times (p 80%). This study reinforces the importance of oriented-combined training based on force-vector specificity target, mainly in horizontal-oriented actions
Physical Therapist Interventions Versus or Combined with Surgical Treatment in Nontraumatic Degenerative Meniscal Pathology: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (UNCORRECTED MANUSCRIPT)
Get PDFObjective
This study aimed to synthesize the evidence from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in people with nontraumatic degenerative meniscal pathology, comparing physical therapist interventions versus or combined with arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM).
Methods
Seven electronic databases were searched. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. Data synthesis was performed with random-effects network meta-analysis, and results were summarized using the standardized mean differences.
Results
From 2103 studies, 10 RCTs comprising 1411 individuals were included. Ninety percent of the selected RCTs were classified as good quality according to the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. All interventions (physical therapist interventions, APM, and APM plus physical therapist interventions) showed reduced pain and physical impairments at 3 months follow-up. However, when a physical therapist intervention was included, greater reductions in pain at rest (APM versus physical therapist interventions: 0.73 [95% CI = 0.20 to 1.26]; APM versus APM plus physical therapist interventions: 0.59 [95% CI = 0.15 to 1.03]) and greater increases in the strength of knee extensor muscles (APM versus physical therapist interventions: 0.44 [95% CI = 0.07 to 0.80]; APM versus APM plus physical therapist interventions: 0.73 [95% CI = 0.29 to 1.16]) were observed at 3 months. In contrast, no differences were found between treatments beyond 3 months.
Conclusions
Physical therapist interventions based on exercise programs demonstrate superior short-term outcomes in pain reduction and knee extensor strength compared to surgical treatment.
Impact
For nontraumatic degenerative meniscal pathology, conservative treatment utilizing a physical therapist intervention approach should be prioritized as the first choice over surgical treatment. It offers comparable or superior short-term pain reduction and strength improvements, with a lower risk of side effects. In cases where surgery is deemed necessary, including postsurgical physical therapist interventions are highly recommended to enhance muscle strength and alleviate pain