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Correlación existente entre los hallazgos obtenidos en pruebas de imagen y la clínica, en pacientes con dolor lumbar: una revisión en paraguas.
No full textIntroducción: El dolor lumbar continúa siendo uno de los principales motivos de discapacidad en el mundo, lo que supone un elevado gasto tanto sanitario como social. Un elevado número de adultos se someten a pruebas de imagen para encontrar la fuente de su dolor, por lo que debemos tener claro cómo relacionar los hallazgos de dichas pruebas y la clínica del paciente. Se ha optado por realizar una revisión de revisiones sobre la evidencia de los últimos 10 años para poder ofrecer conclusiones sólidas a los clínicos interesados. Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la evidencia de correlación existente entre los hallazgos obtenidos en las pruebas de imagen y el nivel de dolor y discapacidad que presentaron los pacientes. Metodología: Se escogieron revisiones sistemáticas y/o metaanálisis de las bases de datos PubMEd, WOS y PEDro que incluyeran pacientes hombres o mujeres, de cualquier edad, con dolor músculo esquelético en zona lumbar y en cuyos resultados se evaluaran dolor y/o discapacidad. El riesgo de sesgo fue evaluado con la escala AMSTAR-2. Resultados: De un total de 94 artículos, se eligieron 5 tras el cribado. En todos ellos se analiza el dolor, y en 3 de ellos analizaron la variable secundaria de discapacidad. Ninguna de las revisiones estableció relación positiva con alto nivel de evidencia entre las variables estudiadas. Conclusión: Podemos afirmar que las pruebas de imagen no son una herramienta de diagnóstico precisa en casos de dolor lumbar inespecífico o dolor lumbar crónico, pero sí pueden ser de utilidad en casos de lesión lumbar aguda, para descartar posibles diagnósticos de gravedad o incluso confirmar la posible fuente causante de la clínica de nuestro paciente. Ante la demanda y uso de estas pruebas, conviene conocer el momento de la evolución clínica en la que se encuentra nuestro paciente y ajustar nuestro criterio en el uso adecuado de este tipo de pruebas.Introduction: Lumbar back pain continues to be one of the principal causes for disability around the world, this originates a high social and health burden . A high number of adults us e imaging as the tool to find the origin of their pain , so we must know how to correlate the findings and symptoms of our patients. We have chosen to develop pan umbrella review of the last 10 years of evidence to provide clinicians with consistent data about the theme. Objective: The ob jec tive of th is study is to know the existing correlation between imaging findings and level of pain and disability that patients presented. Methodology: Systematic reviews and/or Meta analysis were chosen between PubMEd, WOS and PEDro that had to include patients , men or women, of any age , with musculoskeletal pain at the lumbar a rea and that evalu ated pain and /or disability. The risk of bias was evaluated with the AMSTAR 2 scale. Results: From a total of 94 articles, we choose 5 after filtering. analysis of pain was done in all of them, and in 3 stu dies disability was also studied. Neither of the reviews stablished a high evidenced positive relation between the studied variables. Conclusion: W e can confirm that imaging is not a n accurate diagnostic tool for no n s pecific lumbar back pain or for chronic lumbar back pain, but it could be useful for acute back pain , to discard serious pathol ogies or to confirm possible cause s of our patient ´s symptoms. Because of the high use of this tool , it´s convenient to know the point of clinical evolution of our patient and adjust our thinking to the correct use of this type of tools
Impact of Lower-Limb Asymmetries on Physical Performance Among Adolescent Female Tennis Players
No full textThis study aimed to determine the correlation between interlimb asymmetries and physical performance metrics in adolescent female tennis players. Methods: Twenty-five female tennis players (age: 13.29 ± 0.98 years; weight: 52.52 ± 7.31 kg; height: 162.91 ± 6.02 cm) consented to participate in this study. Their performance was evaluated using various variables, including bilateral and unilateral countermovement jump (CMJ), bilateral and unilateral horizontal jump (HJ), 180° change of direction (180COD) conducted with both the right and left legs, and a 20 m sprint. The systematic bias was evaluated by one-way repeated measure analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation test for relationships between variables, and the kappa coefficient for consistency in the asymmetrical direction. Results: Significant relationships were found between CMJ asymmetry and the variables HJR (r = −0.47) and HJL (r = −0.44). In addition, significant relationships were found between HJ asymmetry and the variables CMJR (r = −0.60) and CMJL (r = −0.54), HJR (r = −0.64), HJL (r = −0.67), CMJ (r = −0.55), and HJ (r = −0.52). Conclusion: Jumping tests are important indicators of performance loss in female tennis players. In addition, no significant correlation was found between the 180COD and performance tests, suggesting that asymmetries in COD do not affect jump performance or speed. Based on these results, it is recommended to integrate individualized programs for each athlete to reduce asymmetries.To the AFIDESA Research Group (Actividad Física, Deportes y Salud) de la Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, and to the Research Project “Indicadores para la búsqueda y selección deportiva infanto-juvenil” (Ref: 20012023-DPD-m-Pinar del Rio)
Influencia de la direccionalidad de movimiento en el entrenamiento de fuerza sobre el rendimiento físico en jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto
No full textPor políticas editoriales no consta el artículo 3: Influence of vertical-oriented vs. horizontal-oriented combined strength training in young basketball playersLos programas de entrenamiento de fuerza en los deportistas de equipo han sido extraídos originalmente del estudio de los deportes individuales, donde las cargas eran levantadas de manera bilateral con mayor énfasis en la fase concéntrica del movimiento. Sin embargo, el estudio de las demandas metabólicas y mecánicas de los deportes de equipo, como el baloncesto, ha destacado la importancia de aplicar fuerza ejecutando movimientos multidireccionales variables y unilaterales con un mayor énfasis en la fase excéntrica del gesto deportivo. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación ha sido evaluar el efecto de la direccionalidad de aplicación de fuerza a través de distintos métodos de entrenamiento sobre la capacidad de salto, el sprint y el cambio de dirección en jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto.
Los participantes fueron jugadores de baloncesto altamente entrenados comprendidos en las categorías U13-U18. Las pruebas administradas a lo largo del estudio fueron saltos bilaterales y unilaterales verticales, saltos unilaterales horizontales y laterales, velocidad lineal y velocidad del cambio de dirección. Los protocolos de entrenamiento tuvieron una duración entre 6 y 8 semanas, llevando a cabo dos sesiones de entrenamiento de fuerza por semana, añadidas al entrenamiento de baloncesto habitual.
Los resultados obtenidos mostraron como la aplicación de fuerza en varias direcciones produjo efectos distintos sobre las variables funcionales del rendimiento físico en jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto. Además, el método de entrenamiento utilizado durante un programa de entrenamiento de la fuerza parece producir efectos distintos ante una misma direccionalidad de aplicación de fuerza. En base a los hallazgos analizados, se podría afirmar que las variables en las que predomine una direccionalidad de movimiento horizontal o lateral (saltos horizontales, saltos laterales o sprint lineal) parecen mejorar en mayor medida si la aplicación de fuerza durante el entrenamiento es específica a dicha variable. Por otro lado, aquellas variables cuya aplicación de fuerza contiene un mayor componente vertical (saltos verticales) o multidireccional (cambios de dirección) no parecen seguir un comportamiento unificado.
La presente investigación subraya la influencia de la especificidad de la direccionalidad de movimiento en el entrenamiento de fuerza, demostrando su relevancia en la mejora de diversas variables de rendimiento en jugadores jóvenes de baloncesto
Efectos del entrenamiento con restricción del flujo sanguíneo tras cirugía de lca en futbolistas amateur: protocolo de estudio
No full textIntroducción: El futbol es uno de los deportes colectivos más practicados del mundo, en el cual se ha experimentado un aumento en la intensidad y volumen de partidos que ha derivado a un incremento lesional. Una de las zonas más afectadas son las rodillas, en concreto el ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA), cuyo riesgo es mayor en mujeres. La evaluación de factores como asimetrías de miembro inferior o fuerza (ratio isquiotibiales:cuádriceps) se han convertido en fundamentales para un return to play (RTP) con un menor porcentaje de recaídas. En los últimos años ha surgido un nuevo método, la restricción de flujo sanguíneo, que ayudaría a recuperar los valores de fuerza y asimetrías musculares trabajando con cargas bajas. Objetivo: Comprobar la efectividad de la implementación de un protocolo de restricción del flujo sanguíneo (RFS) para recuperar los niveles de fuerza y asimetrías en fase post operatoria de un LCA en jugadores de futbol semiprofesionales. Metodología / Diseño de estudio: Se realizará un ensayo clinico controlado con jugadores semiprofesionales de futbol operados de LCA como máximo hace 1 mes. Se realizo una evaluación inicial y otra final con dinamometría, hop test y test propioceptivos, y se implementó una intervención de 12 semanas con un grupo control que realizo solo entrenamiento neuromuscular y el grupo intervención que realizo entrenamiento neuromuscular y RFS Resultados esperados: Se esperan diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos tanto en fuerzas como asimetrías gracias a la intervención con RFS. Conclusión: La RFS mostrara que es una gran ayuda para combatir los efectos de la atrofia en las primeras fases post operación de LCA.Introduction: Soccer is one of the most practiced team sports in the world, in which there has been an increase in the intensity and volume of matches that has led to an increase in injuries. One of the most affected areas is the knees, specifically the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), the risk of which is higher in women. The evaluation of factors such as lower limb asymmetries or strength (hamstring:quadriceps ratio) have become essential for a return to play (RTP) with a lower percentage of relapses. In recent years, a new method has emerged, blood flow restriction, which would help recover strength values and muscle asymmetries working with low loads. Objective: To verify the effectiveness of the implementation of a blood flow restriction (BFR) protocol to recover strength levels and asymmetries in the post-operative phase of an ACL in semi-professional soccer players. Methods / Study Design: A controlled clinical trial will be carried out with semi-professional soccer players who underwent ACL surgery a maximum of 1 month ago. An initial and final evaluation was carried out with dynamometry, hop test and proprioceptive tests, and a 12- week intervention was implemented with a control group that performed only neuromuscular training and the intervention group that performed neuromuscular training and BFR. Expected Results: Significant differences are expected between both groups in both strengths and asymmetries thanks to the intervention with BFR. Conclusion: The BFR will show that it is a great help to combat the effects of atrophy in the early phases after ACL surgery
Gamificación y Aprendizaje Interactivo en la Educación Universitaria: Un Análisis Crítico de la Integración de una Dimensión Lúdica como Herramienta Formativa
No full textEste trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo demostrar los efectos de la gamificación en el ámbito de la educación universitaria, enfocándose, en específico, en la integración de elementos lúdicos que puedan fomentar una implicación mayor en el entorno académico por parte de los estudiantes. Mediante un análisis crítico, se lleva a cabo una exploración exhaustiva de diversas actividades lúdicas, y se procede a analizar la eficacia de dichos elementos en la optimización del proceso educativo. Los resultados obtenidos resaltan la importancia de la gamificación como estrategia pedagógica para el compromiso del estudiantado, consiguiendo así un enfoque más interactivo y participativo en su proceso de aprendizaje.The aim of this research is to demonstrate the effects of gamification in the field of university education, focusing specifically on the integration of playful elements that can encourage greater involvement in the academic environment by students. By means of a critical analysis, an exhaustive exploration of various playful dimensions is carried out, and the effectiveness of these elements in the optimization of the educational process is analysed. The results obtained underline the importance of gamification as a pedagogical strategy for the attention and engagement of students, thus promoting a more interactive and participatory approach in their learning process
Descriptive Analysis of Carrier and Affected Hereditary Fructose Intolerance in Women during Pregnancy
No full textBackground: Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder resulting from aldolase B deficiency, requiring a fructose, sorbitol and sucrose (FSS)-free diet. Limited information exists on the relationship between pregnancy outcomes and HFI. This study aims to analyze pregnancy-related factors in a cohort of thirty Spanish women, with twenty-three being carriers and seven being HFI-affected (45 pregnancies). (2) Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study utilized an anonymous questionnaire. (3) Results: Findings encompassed physical and emotional states, nutritional habits, pathology development and baby information. Notable results include improved physical and emotional states compared to the general population, with conventional analyses mostly within normal ranges. Persistent issues after pregnancy included hepatic steatosis, liver adenomas and hemangiomas. Carrier mothers’ babies exhibited higher weight than those of patient mothers, while the weights of carrier children born with HFI were similar to disease-affected children. (4) Conclusions: Pregnant women with HFI did not significantly differ in physical and emotional states, except for nausea, vomiting, and cravings. Post-pregnancy, HFI patients and carriers exhibited persistent hepatic issues. Significantly, babies born to HFI-affected mothers had lower weights. This study sheds light on pregnancy outcomes in HFI, emphasizing potential complications and the need for ongoing monitoring and care
Game Software Engineering: A Controlled Experiment Comparing Automated Content Generation Techniques
No full textBackground Video games are complex projects that involve a seamless integration of art and software during the development process to compose the final product. In the creation of a video game, software is fundamental as it governs the behavior and attributes that shape the player’s experience within the game. When assessing the quality of a video game, one needs to consider specific quality aspects, namely ‘design’, ‘difficulty’, ‘fun’, and ‘immersiveness’, which are not considered for traditional software. On the other hand, there are not well-established best practices for the empirical assessment of video games as there are for the empirical evaluation of more traditional software. Aims Our goal is to carry out a rigorous empirical evaluation of the latest proposals to automatically generate content for video games following best practices established in software engineering research. Specifically, we compare Procedural Content Generation (PCG) and Reuse-based Content Generation (RCG). Our study also considers the perception of players and professional developers on the generated content. Method We conducted a controlled experiment where human subjects had to play with content that was automatically generated for a commercial video game by the two techniques (PCG and RCG), and evaluate it according to specific quality aspects of video games. A total of 44 subjects including professional developers and players participated in our experiment. Results The results suggest that participants perceive that RCG generates content is of higher quality than PCG. Conclusions The results can turn the tide for content generation. So far, RCG has been neglected as a viable option: typically, reuse is frowned upon by the developers, who aim to avoid repetition in their video games as much as possible. However, our study uncovered that RCG unlocks latent content that is actually favoured by players and developers alike. This revelation poses an opportunity towards opening new horizons for content generation research.The study has obtained ethics approval by Universidad San Jorge (Nº 85/1/23-24) and University College London (UCLCSREC-207-R). This work has been partially supported by MINECO under the Project
VARIATIVA (PID2021-128695OB-100), by the Gobierno de Aragón (Spain) (Research Group T61_23R), by the Excellence Network AI4Software (Red2022-134647-T), by the ERC grant no. 741278 (EPIC) and by the UCL-CS Strategic Research Fund
Educación terapéutica en el manejo de la kinesiofobia en sujetos con inestabilidad crónica de tobillo: protocolo de investigación para un ensayo clínico aleatorio
No full textJustificación del trabajo:
Los esguinces de tobillo son lesiones frecuentes con importante carga para el sistema sanitario. En realidad, 40% de estos pacientes sufren de inestabilidad crónica de tobillo. Se puede manifestar por miedo al movimiento lo que se llama la kinesofobia. Dada la eficacia de la educación terapéutica en estudios recientes en patologías crónicas y la falta de investigación sobre el manejo de la kinesofobia en pacientes que sufren inestabilidad crónica de tobillo, podría plantearse una solución.
Objetivo:
Evaluar la efectividad de la educación terapéutica en la kinesofobia en pacientes con inestabilidad crónica de tobillo.
Metodología:
Es un protocolo de ensayo clínico controlado y aleatorizado en dos grupos que recluta paciente con inestabilidad crónica de tobillo. Un grupo control quien recibe el tratamiento convencional de fisioterapia solo y un grupo experimental quien recibe el tratamiento convencional de fisioterapia con educación terapéutica. Será supervisado por fisioterapeutas y se realizará en clínica durante 5 semanas. Se valora como variable primaria la kinesiofobia (TSK-11) y como variables secundarias el dolor (NPRS), las creencias sobre el miedo y evitación del dolor (FABQ), el impacto sobre la calidad de vida (SF-36) y la función física (FAAM).
Resultados esperados:
Se espera una mejoría de las variables en los dos grupos al final del tratamiento. Una diferencia significativa a favor del grupo experimental que se mantiene hasta la evaluación final es esperada que sea a corto plazo (5 semanas) o largo plazo (6 meses) debida a que el grupo control no sigue el protocolo educativo.
Conclusión:
Se pretende demostrar la eficacia de la educación en el manejo de la kinesofobia en pacientes con inestabilidad crónica de tobillo, a través una rehabilitación completa combinando fisioterapia convencional y enfoque biopsicosocial del paciente sobre su patología.Background:
Ankle sprains are frequent injuries with significant burden on the healthcare system. In addition, 40% of these patients suffer from chronic ankle instability. It can be manifested by fear of movement which is called kinesophobia. Given the efficacy of therapeutic education in recent studies in chronic pathologies and the lack of research on the management of kinesophobia in patients suffering from chronic ankle instability, a solution could be considered.
Objective:
To evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic education on kinesophobia in patients with chronic ankle instability.
Methodology:
Randomized controlled clinical trial protocol in two groups recruiting patients with chronic ankle instability. A control group receiving conventional physical therapy treatment only and an experimental group receiving conventional physical therapy treatment with therapeutic education. It will be supervised by physiotherapists and will be performed in the clinic for 5 weeks. Kinesiophobia (TSK-11) will be assessed as primary variable and pain (NPRS), beliefs about fear and avoidance of pain (FABQ), impact on quality of life (SF-36) and physical function (FAAM) as secondary variables.
Expected results:
An improvement of the variables is expected in the two groups at the end of the treatment. A significant difference in favor of the experimental group that is maintained until the final evaluation is expected to be short term (5 weeks) or long term (6 months) due to the control group not following the educational protocol.
Conclusion:
It is intended to demonstrate the efficacy of education in the management of kinesophobia in patients with chronic ankle instability, through a complete rehabilitation combining conventional physiotherapy and biopsychosocial approach of the patient on his pathology
Study of Physiological Adaptations in Vertical Kilometer Runners: Focus on Cardiorespiratory and Local Muscle Demands
Get PDFAbstract: Background:Research into key performance factors in trail running, particularly in verticalkilometer (VK) races, is crucial for effective training and periodization. However, recent studies onmetabolic and cardiorespiratory responses during VK races, especially using field tests, are limited.Objectives:Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the metabolic and cardiorespiratoryresponses during a VK field test, identifying differences based on sex and performance level, aswell as key performance factors and their deterioration due to fatigue. Fifteen trained trail runners(ten males and five females, 19 to 38 years old) perform a VK race.Methods:The global physiologicalresponse is evaluated using the portable gas analyzer Cosmed K5 and the local response usingnear-infrared spectroscopy technology.Results: In gender comparisons, the ANCOVA test showssignificant differences (p< 0.05) in the ventilation, tidal volume, expiratory time-to-inspiratorytime ratio, inspiratory flow rate, end-tidal CO2partial pressure, heart rate, oxygen pulse, and totalhemoglobin. Additionally, the performance comparison reveals significant differences in the variables’velocity, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, ventilation, dead space-to-tidal volumeratio, total time of the breathing cycle, expiratory time-to-inspiratory time ratio, inspiratory dutycycle, expiratory fractions of CO2, quadriceps saturation index, and VE/VCO2ratio. Finally, thecorrelation analysis shows oxygen consumption (r =−0.80 mean; r =−0.72 peak), carbon dioxideproduction (r =−0.91 mean; r =−0.75 peak), expiratory time-to-inspiratory time ratio (r = 0.68 peak),ventilation (r =−0.58 mean), and quadriceps saturation index (r = 0.54 mean; r =−0.76 coefficient ofvariation) as the key performance factors in the VK race.Conclusions:Overall, the physiologicalanalysis indicates the importance of local muscular adaptations and respiratory system capacity inthis type of short-duration race
Cicero, Zeuxis and Aristotle: Bolstering Auctoritas in De inventione Book 2
Get PDFIn the preface to book 2 of De inventione, Cicero narrates how Zeuxis painted his renowned Helen at Croton before explaining the working methods of Aristotle. These stories serve as analogues for the Roman’s own process of researching and composing De inventione. This article examines the argumentative purpose and form of the preface in order to address the longstanding debate over whether the preface truly belongs to the treatise or was appended somewhat haphazardly. Given Cicero’s standing as a young homo novus at the time of composition, the preface, despite being rather misleading, was useful for increasing his own authority. Additionally, the argumentative strategy of the preface harks back to several of the praecepta laid out in book 1. Accordingly, the paper argues that the preface should be seen as integral to the larger De inventione and that it can be analyzed as a useful — albeit complex — example of the importance of inventio for making a compelling argument