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Black Mulberries (Morus nigra L.) Modulate Oxidative Stress and Beta-Amyloid-Induced Toxicity, Becoming a Potential Neuroprotective Functional Food
No full textBlack mulberry (Morus nigra L.) is a common edible fruit from the Moraceae family
with a wide variety of nutritional and medicinal applications, mainly due to its antioxidant and
anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this work was to investigate the cytoprotective and
neuroprotective capacity of a hydrophilic black mulberry solvent-free extract rich in polyphenols,
including the antioxidant, antiradical, and enzymatic mechanisms that would explain these effects.
Its neuroprotective potential was evaluated in vitro using the Neuro-2a cell line and in vivo through
the Caenorhabditis elegans organism model. Neuro-2a cells were treated at different concentrations of
the extract (25–500 µg/mL) and hydrogen peroxide (300 µM) as an oxidant agent, simultaneously.
From these treatments, redox status (intracellular ROS production) and cellular activity (MTT)
were also quantified in Neuro-2a. Regarding the C. elegans assay, the protection of the extract
against β-amyloid toxicity was measured against the CL4176 strain, which is a model of Alzheimer
disease. As a complementary neuroprotective assay, its potential to inhibit the monoamine oxidase
A (MAO-A) enzyme was measured. In addition, an Artemia salina bioassay was performed for
preliminary toxicity screening. And its antioxidant properties were evaluated by means of the FRAP
assay. The results confirm its neuroprotective potential and its ability to scavenge free radicals and
decrease ROS production, also acting as a moderate MAO-A inhibitor. Moreover, the polyphenolic
extract alleviates the toxicity induced by β-amyloid accumulation in C. elegans. Concluding, Morus
nigra can be considered a functional food with bioactive compounds that may prevent the onset of
neurodegenerative diseasesUniversidad San JorgeThis work was supported by the Universidad San Jorge and Gobierno de Aragón (Numbergrant: B44_23R)
More than effort, it’s dedicating time and perseverance.” experiences of physical activity and physical exercise in stroke survivor with high functional capacity: a qualitative study
Get PDFBackground: Stroke survivors exhibit sedentary behavior, and many do not engage in physical activity and exercise for a number of reasons. Secondary prevention through physical activity is a priority to
avoid a new stroke or disease.
Objective: To describe the experience of stroke survivors with maintained walking ability living in Spain regarding physical activity and exercise.
Methods: A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted. Purposive sampling was carried out to include 35 stroke survivors who had stroke more than 6 months ago from 14 neurorehabilitation centers in 24 cities in Spain. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and researchers’ field notes. The Giorgi approach was used for the qualitative analysis of the data collected.
Results: Three themes emerged: a) Changes in the experience of physical activity and exercise adaptation; b) Reasons for and against the practice of physical activity and exercise; c) Experiencing tiredness and fatigue.
Conclusions: Our results show the individual post-stroke perception of each person, the reasons for and against the practice of physical activity and exercise, as well as the impact this has on their daily
life and activity. These results will help health professionals to understand the needs of stroke survivors when prescribing physical activity and exercise included in intervention programs.
IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION
Previous experience and the current situation impact individually on the performance of physical activity and exercise in each stroke survivor.
The influence of individual and environmental factors must be considered in the readaptation of physical activity after a stroke.
Successful adherence to physical activity and exercise in stroke survivors, requires knowledge of the individual’s perception and preferences.
Physical activity needs to be adapted to the multifactorial background and progression of stroke survivors, ambulation being a suitable approach
Ictus: Prevención terciaria
Get PDFEl ictus es una enfermedad cardiovascular sobre la que se puede realizar una prevención terciaria centrada en reducir las complicaciones de las secuelas generadas por un ictus a través de la incorporación de hábitos de vida saludables entre los que se encuentra la realización de actividad física.
En concreto la realización de actividad física en personas supervivientes de un ictus presenta grandes beneficios: estimula la neuroplasticidad, promueve la recuperación de las secuelas del ictus, retrasa el proceso natural de envejecimiento e incrementa la calidad de vida.
Disponer de esta información es clave para la población en materia de salud pública
CYP3A4*1B but Not CYP3A5*3 as Determinant of Long-Term Tacrolimus Dose Requirements in Spanish Solid Organ Transplant Patients
Get PDFTacrolimus (TAC) is a commonly used immunosuppressive drug in solid organ transplantation. Pharmacogenetics has been demonstrated before to be decisive in TAC pharmacotherapy. The CYP3A5*3 variant has been reported to be the main determinant of TAC dose requirements; however, other polymorphisms have also proven to be influential, especially in CYP3A5 non-expressor patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of genetic polymorphisms in TAC therapy in a cohort of Spanish transplant recipients. Genetic analysis including ten polymorphic variants was performed, and demographic and clinical data and pharmacotherapy of 26 patients were analyzed. No significant differences were found in weight-adjusted dose between CYP3A5 expressors and non-expressors (0.047 mg/kg vs. 0.044 mg/kg), while they were found for carriers of the CYP3A4*1B allele (0.101 mg/kg; p < 0.05). The results showed that patients with at least one CYP3A4*1B allele had a higher TAC dose and lower blood concentration. Dose-adjusted TAC blood levels were also lower in CYP3A4*1B carriers compared to non-carriers (0.72 ng/mL/mg vs. 2.88 ng/mL/mg). These results support the independence of CYP3A5*3 and CYP3A4*1B variants as determinants of dose requirements despite the linkage disequilibrium present between the two. The variability in genotype frequency between ethnicities may be responsible for the discrepancy found between studies
Elaboración de un taller de nutrición para personas con discapacidad intelectual
Get PDFThe diet of the population is a sufficiently relevant aspect to allocate resources to teaching what proper nutrition should be like to enjoy good health. Dietitians, as part of the group involved in promoting healthy eating habits among citizens, must be responsible for their dissemination. Consequently, they must be competent in the preparation of health education information taking into account the objectives, content and characteristics of the recipients. With the aim of putting this competence into practice, the second-year CFGS dietetics students designed a nutritional education workshop for a group of young people with intellectual disabilities. The activity aimed to raise awareness of healthy eating and how to create healthy diets in the daily routine. All of this with the aim of providing them with tools that improve their autonomy and teach them how to prepare and prepare their daily meals.La alimentación de la población es un aspecto suficientemente relevante como para destinar recursos a enseñar cómo debe ser una correcta alimentación para gozar de una buena salud. Los dietistas, como parte del colectivo implicado en promover hábitos alimentarios saludables entre la ciudadanía, deben responsabilizarse de su difusión. Consecuentemente, deben ser competentes en la elaboración de información de educación sanitaria teniendo en cuenta los objetivos, el contenido y las características de los destinatarios. Con el objetivo de llevar a la práctica dicha competencia, los alumnos de segundo curso del CFGS de dietética, diseñaron un taller de educación nutricional destinado a un grupo de jóvenes con discapacidad intelectual. La actividad tenía por objetivo dar a conocer la alimentación saludable y cómo elaborar dietas sanas en la rutina diaria. Todo ello con la finalidad dotarlos de herramientas que mejoren su autonomía y enseñarles cómo preparar y elaborar sus comidas diarias
Why the dominance of East Africans in distance running? A narrative review
Get PDFIntroduction
Runners from East Africa including Kenya, Ethiopia and Uganda have dominated middle- and long-distance running events, for almost six decades. This narrative review examines and updates current understanding of the factors explaining the dominance of East Africans in distance running from a holistic perspective.
Content
The dominance of East African distance runners has puzzled researchers, with various factors proposed to explain their unparalleled success. Four key elements emerge: 1) biomechanical and physiological attributes, 2) training characteristics, 3) psychological motivations, and 4) African diet. Runners from East Africa often exhibit ectomorphic somatotypes, characterized by lean body compositions which lead them to an extraordinary biomechanical and metabolic efficiency. Their sociocultural lifestyle, training regimens beginning at a young age with aerobic activities, seem crucial, as well as moderate volume, high-intensity workouts at altitudes ranging from 2,000 to 3,000 m. Psychological factors, including a strong motivation to succeed driven by aspirations for socioeconomic improvement and a rich tradition of running excellence, also contribute significantly. A multifactorial explanation considering these factors, without a clear genetic influence, is nowadays the strongest argument to explain the East African phenomenon.
Summary and outlook
To unravel the mystery behind the supremacy of East African runners, it is imperative to consider these multifaceted factors. The predominantly rural lifestyle of the East African population underscores the importance of aligning modern lifestyles with the evolutionary past of Homo sapiens, where physical activity was integral to daily life. Further research is required to explain this phenomenon, with a focus on genetics.This work was supported by the sub2hrs marathon project
An Opportunity for Management of Fatigue, Physical Condition, and Quality of Life Through Asynchronous Telerehabilitation in Patients After Acute Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Get PDFObjective: To compare the preliminary efficacy of asynchronous telerehabilitation in patients after acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on fatigue, physical condition, quality of life, and feasibility of this pilot study with that of a booklet format. Design: Randomized pilot study with 2 intervention arms: asynchronous telerehabilitation group and booklet-based rehabilitation group, with 2 follow-ups at 3 and 6 months. Setting: Hospital. Participants: Patients discharged after COVID-19 were recruited and evaluated (N=35). Interventions: The intervention consisted of a 12-week multimodal rehabilitation program via telerehabilitation or by a booklet. Main Outcome Measures: Fatigue as the main outcome and functional status, quality of life, and feasibility as secondary outcomes were evaluated. Results: After the intervention, there was no significant difference between groups in fatigue, but there were significant differences in favor of the asynchronous telerehabilitation group for the 6-Minute Walk Test (p=.008), the 30-Second Sit-to-Stand Test (p=.019), and physical quality of life (p=.035). These improvements were maintained throughout the 6-month follow-up. Telerehabilitation was shown to be a viable option, without incidents and with a higher adhesion (p=.028) than the booklet format. Conclusions: A multimodal rehabilitation program by means of asynchronous telerehabilitation appears as a more effective option than traditional formats in improving post–acute COVID-19 sequelae
Language brokering in healthcare settings in spain: an insight based on testimonies
Get PDFThere were 6,491,502 foreign residents living in Spain in January 2024, a number that indicates a significant increase since the beginning of the 21st century. Among this foreign population, the largest communities are Moroccans, Romanians and British, whose mother tongue is not Spanish. According to the results from several studies conducted over the last decades, when these allophone residents use the Spanish healthcare services, they frequently ask their children to help them communicate with healthcare providers through linguistic and cultural mediation, even when professional interpreting or mediation services are available. How did these children feel while mediating for their parents in this context? Did they have any negative experiences? We intend to provide answers to these questions through semi-structured individual interviews with adults who had mediated for their parents in healthcare settings in Spain when they were children or young adults. These answers contribute to a clear understanding of the consequences of language brokering, thus promoting the use of professional interpreting and mediation services in these setting
La representación de lo amazige en la prensa española: entre lo exótico y lo araboislámico
Get PDFThis study examines the thematic and terminological agenda of the Amazigh, or Berber, heritage with the aim of deciphering the rhetoric in the Spanish press and the recognition given to this culture. Specifically, 454 articles from eight newspapers collected between January 2018 and June 2019 were quantitatively and qualitatively analysed. The results show the preponderance of the term ‘Berber’ over ‘Amazigh’ or ‘Imazighen’, as well as the relevance of historical or international political topics when these terms are mentioned. Broadly speaking, it is concluded that perspectives on the Amazigh gravitate between invisibility, superficiality, exoticism, and conceptual dependence on the Arab-Islamic.Este trabajo analiza la agenda temática y terminológica de lo amazige y lo bereber con el propósito de descifrar su reconocimiento y el discurso mantenido por la prensa española. En concreto, se estudian cuantitativa y cualitativamente 454 artículos recabados de ocho diarios entre enero de 2018 y junio de 2019. Los resultados demuestran la preponderancia del vocablo ‘bereber’ frente a ‘amazigh’ o ‘imazighen’, así como la relevancia de los temas históricos o de política internacional. A grandes rasgos, se concluye que lo amazige gravita entre la invisibilidad, la superficialidad, el exotismo, y la dependencia conceptual respecto a lo arabo-islámico
Analysis of the Validity and Reliability of the Photo Finish® Smartphone App to Measure Sprint Time
Get PDFIn athletic training and research, the evaluation of sprint speed is widely used, and its accurate measurement is especially demanding. High-cost photocells are the gold-standard system for sprint time assessment, although low-cost smartphone applications can be a suitable option. This study assesses the validity and reliability of an application to measure sprint time compared to photocells. Five physically active subjects completed six sprints of 10 m and 20 m at maximal speed and a 5 m go and return sprint to evaluate the validity of the Photo Finish® app (Version 2.30). To assess reliability, six trials of 5 m go and return sprints were measured by two smartphones. The validity results showed a mean bias of 0.012 s (95% CL: 0.000, 0.024) between the application and the photocells for the 10 m sprint, 0.007 s (95% CL: −0.007, 0.022) for the 20 m sprint and 0.005 s (95% CL: −0.005, 0.017) for the 5 m go and return test. The results also found R2 between both systems (R2= 0.9863, 0.990 and 0.958) for each distance (10 m, 20 m and 5 m go and return, respectively). As for reliability, the application showed outstanding consistency between two smartphones operating simultaneously (ICC 0.999; R2: 0.999). This study shows that the Photo Finish® app is an accurate and reliable tool to measure sprint time with an error of 0.09 s