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Ultrasound-assisted extraction versus traditional Soxhlet apparatus for the obtention of polyphenols, carotenoids and tocopherols from Tagetes erecta L. flowers
Get PDFBACKGROUND
Tagetes erecta L., commonly known as American marigold, serves as a food plant used for the extraction of carotenoids such as lutein, employed both as culinary ingredient in certain dishes and for its ornamental and medicinal applications. Two extraction techniques, Soxhlet and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), were used on two cultivars (yellow and orange) of T. erecta. Polyphenols were quantified using HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry, whereas carotenoids and tocopherols were determined using HPLC-diode array detection. Biological activity for antioxidant and antiglycation properties was carried out.
RESULTS
The best extraction yield was obtained for UAE (7.51% and 6.83% for yellow and orange flowers), corresponding with the largest amounts of polyphenols quantified. The highest content of tocopherols was obtained in the yellow cultivar extracted by Soxhlet (6499.3 ± 21.2 and 4671.0 ± 92.9 mg kg−1 dry extract for α- and γ-tocopherol). The antioxidant potential resulted higher in the orange Soxhlet extract, whereas the yellow Soxhlet extract displayed the best antiglycation activity (median 50% inhibitory concentration of 25.3 ± 3.3 μg mL−1).
CONCLUSION
Both extraction techniques showed interesting results in terms of bioactivity and compounds obtention. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.Universidad San Jorge is thanked for financial support through Proyecto Interno 2223025. We also acknowledge 355 Government of Aragon for financial support to the Phyto-Pharm group (ref.B44_20R)
Concordance of a new IMU in different small-sided games and real game tasks in indoor sports
Get PDFPurpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the concordance of a new Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) device called OLIVER in different specific training tasks and real futsal game. Methods: 10 elite futsal players competing in First National Division performed most of the typical futsal training tasks (game possession in 22×20m, 2vs2 in 20×20m, 3vs3, 4vs4 in 28×20m and 4vs4 in 40×20m). Players wore two tracking devices (OLIVER and WIMU Pro). Data were recorded with specific software systems to compare the concordance of data. After recording data, descriptive analysis was developed for each training task, as well as a one-way ANOVA to evaluate the concordance of OLIVER and WIMU devices. Results: The results reported good agreement for most variables, such as total distance, distance covered in different partials, as well as meters of accelerations and decelerations at different intensities and maximum speed (P> .05). However, the distance covered in high-speed running 12.1-18 km/h (m) and the number of runs above 12 km/h reported statistical differences between OLIVER and WIMU (P< .05) in some of the training tasks. Conclusion: The OLIVER system and WIMU system shows a high level of concordance in main variables of external load in different training tasks. OLIVER system is a valid and useful device to monitor external load in indoor sports, both smallsided games and real games
GEOMETRIC AND SPATIAL DEFINITION OF THE VOLUMETRIC VOID IN THE CHAPEL OF THE BENAVIDES IN THE SAN FRANCISCO CONVENT OF BAEZA THROUGH GRAPHIC ANALYSIS
Get PDFEn este artículo exponemos un estudio analítico fundamentado en la evaluación métrica y proporcional de la configuración formal y volumétrica de la capilla baezana diseñada por Andrés de Vandelvira para la familia Benavides. Desde ahí, planteando equivalencias en relación con otras obras del catálogo sacro proyectado por este mismo arquitecto, presentamos lo que habría sido el vaciado del espacio interior confinado por la caja mural del templo, de la cual tan sólo conocemos sus ruinas.
A través de la revisión morfológica del conjunto, la redefinición gráfica de las piezas sustanciales que lo componen y la implementación de las reglas compositivas que se repiten iterativamente en este tipo de obras del Renacimiento andaluz, definimos la manera en la que, con cierta probabilidad, Vandelvira ideó esta singular capilla.
Además, desde el estudio estereotómico del modelo teórico expuesto por su hijo Alonso, explicamos también cómo se habría comportado esta bóveda que, como sabemos, representa un caso experimental de notable interés para vislumbrar la capacidad investigativa de Andrés de Vandelvira, sobre todo, en aquellos diseños que se preocuparon por resolver plantas centralizadas
Generalising electrocardiogram detection and delineation: training convolutional neural networks with synthetic data augmentation
Get PDFIntroduction: Extracting beat-by-beat information from electrocardiograms (ECGs) is crucial for various downstream diagnostic tasks that rely on ECG-based measurements. However, these measurements can be expensive and time-consuming to produce, especially for long-term recordings. Traditional ECG detection and delineation methods, relying on classical signal processing algorithms such as those based on wavelet transforms, produce high-quality delineations but struggle to generalise to diverse ECG patterns. Machine
learning (ML) techniques based on deep learning algorithms have emerged as promising alternatives, capable of achieving similar performance without handcrafted features or thresholds. However, supervised ML techniques require large annotated datasets for training, and existing datasets for ECG detection/delineation are limited in size and the range of pathological conditions they represent.
Methods: This article addresses this challenge by introducing two key innovations. First, we develop a synthetic data generation scheme that probabilistically constructs unseen ECG traces from “pools” of fundamental segments extracted from existing databases. A set of rules guides the arrangement of these segments into coherent synthetic traces, while expert domain knowledge ensures the realism of the generated traces, increasing the input variability for training the model. Second, we propose two novel segmentation-based loss functions that encourage the accurate prediction of the number of independent ECG structures and promote tighter segmentation boundaries by focusing on a reduced number of samples.
Results: The proposed approach achieves remarkable performance, with a F1-score of 99.38% and delineation errors of 2.19±17.73 ms and 4.45±18.32 ms for ECG segment onsets and offsets across the P, QRS, and T waves. These results, aggregated from three diverse freely available databases (QT, LU, and Zhejiang), surpass current state-of-the-art detection and delineation approache
Procesos inquisitoriales de judeoconversas en Aragón (1484-1492).
Get PDFEste volumen recopila 25 procesos inquisitoriales mayoritariamente inéditos —archivados entre 1484 y 1492— que involucran a mujeres judeoconversas, especialmente viudas, en Aragón. Motis Dolader transcribe casi en su totalidad los sumarios, testificados y condenas, proporcionando datos esenciales como nombres, redes familiares y prácticas religiosas ocultas. El estudio hermenéutico-antrópico ilumina los contextos sociales y culturales de las acusadas, rescatando microhistorias de mujeres anónimas. Estas fuentes documentales sirven para analizar la doble militancia confesional y la triple marginalidad de género, condición conversa y viudez. La obra complementa su anterior estudio centrado en emociones, aportando rigor documental y filológicoLa presente monografía se ha realizado dentro del Proyecto I+D+i «Identidades colectivas y solidaridades de grupo en la Baja Edad Media» (Ref. PID2022-136257NB-100), financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación del Gobierno de España
Hydroquinone Ecotoxicity: Unveiling Risks in Soil and River Ecosystems with Insights into Microbial Resilience
Get PDFDespite widespread industrial use, the environmental safety of hydroquinone (HQ), a
benzene compound from plants used in processes like cosmetics, remains uncertain. This study evaluated
the ecotoxicological impact of HQ on soil and river environments, utilizing non-target indicator
organisms from diverse trophic levels: Daphnia magna, Aliivibrio fischeri, Allium cepa, and Eisenia fetida.
For a more environmentally realistic assessment, microbial communities from a river and untreated
soil underwent 16S rRNA gene sequencing, with growth and changes in community-level physiological
profiling assessed using Biolog EcoPlate™ assays. The water indicator D. magna exhibited the
highest sensitivity to HQ (EC50 = 0.142 μg/mL), followed by A. fischeri (EC50 = 1.446 μg/mL), and
A. cepa (LC50 = 7.631 μg/mL), while E. fetida showed the highest resistance (EC50 = 234 mg/Kg). Remarkably,
microbial communities mitigated HQ impact in both aquatic and terrestrial environments.
River microorganisms displayed minimal inhibition, except for a significant reduction in polymer
metabolism at the highest concentration (100 μg/mL). Soil communities demonstrated resilience up
to 100 μg/mL, beyond which there was a significant decrease in population growth and the capacity
to metabolize carbohydrates and polymers. Despite microbial mitigation, HQ remains highly toxic to
various trophic levels, emphasizing the necessity for environmental regulations.This research was funded by Gobierno de Aragón: Departamento de Ciencia, Universidad y Sociedad del Conocimiento (Group T67_23R grant), Gobierno de Aragón, pre-doctoral fellowship CPB_08_21 grant; Cátedra NOVALTIA and Universidad San Jorge
¿Por qué estudiar? ¿Para qué estudiar? ¿Hasta cuándo estudiar? Una experiencia para promover la motivación del estudiante universitario
Get PDFLa formación es un proceso largo que requiere de una motivación constante y persistente. Es por ello por lo que se ha llevado a cabo una actividad con la que se ha pretendido la reflexión por los alumnos sobre la importancia de buscar permanentemente la consecución de un fin académico. La actividad, desarrollada con los alumnos del 2º curso del Grado de Fisioterapia de la USJ, se planteó mediante la presentación a los alumnos de una serie de preguntas sobre las que debían reflexionar en grupo. Los resultados muestran que esta experiencia ha resultado positiva al permitirles reflexionar de manera individual y consensuar con otros las respuestas a preguntas de índole personal. Al hacerles recapacitar sobre la oportunidad que significa llevar a cabo unos estudios universitarios. A los docentes les ha permitido conocer la impresión de los alumnos sobre aspectos que pueden ayudarles en la consecución de sus objetivos.Training is a long process that requires constant and persistent motivation. That is why an activity has been carried out with the aim of encouraging students to reflect on the importance of constantly seeking to achieve an academic goal. The activity, developed with the second year students of the Physiotherapy Degree at USJ, was proposed by presenting a series of questions to the students on which they had to reflect in groups. The results show that this experience has been positive by allowing them to reflect individually and reach a consensus with others on personal questions. By making them think about the opportunity that university studies represent, it has allowed teachers to know the impression of the students on aspects that can help them in achieving their objectives
Recovery of spatio-temporal gait and functional parameters following unilateral eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage in the hamstrings
Get PDFObjectives
This study aimed to analyze how spatiotemporal gait parameters, active knee extension range of motion, muscle activity, and self-perceived function change over a seven-day period in healthy individuals after exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in the hamstrings.
Design
Longitudinal cohort study.
Methods
Twenty-four healthy males participated in four sessions before and after EIMD (pre-EIMD, 48 h, 96 h, and 168 h post-EIMD). A single-leg deadlift exercise was performed to provoke EIMD in the hamstrings of the dominant leg. Lower limb function perception, spatiotemporal gait parameters, active knee extension range of motion, and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the semitendinosus and biceps femoris muscles during gait and maximal isometric contraction were assessed bilaterally.
Results
At 48 h, the EIMD-side showed reduced step length, active knee extension range of motion, maximal strength and EMG activity compared to baseline (P < 0.042), while increased relative EMG activity in the biceps femoris during gait (P = 0.001). At 96 h, step length and EMG activity on the EIMD-side reached similar values to those at baseline, whereas lower limb function perception and active knee extension range of motion returned to baseline state at 168 h post-EIMD. No changes over time were observed on the control-side.
Conclusions
Recovery from EIMD requires a multimodal assessment since the different parameters affected by EIMD recover at different paces. Active range of motion appears to be the last variable to fully recover. Self-perceived function should not be considered in isolation as it does not represent complete functional recovery
Why the dominance of East Africans in distance running? A narrative review
Get PDFIntroduction
Runners from East Africa including Kenya, Ethiopia and Uganda have dominated middle- and long-distance running events, for almost six decades. This narrative review examines and updates current understanding of the factors explaining the dominance of East Africans in distance running from a holistic perspective.
Content
The dominance of East African distance runners has puzzled researchers, with various factors proposed to explain their unparalleled success. Four key elements emerge: 1) biomechanical and physiological attributes, 2) training characteristics, 3) psychological motivations, and 4) African diet. Runners from East Africa often exhibit ectomorphic somatotypes, characterized by lean body compositions which lead them to an extraordinary biomechanical and metabolic efficiency. Their sociocultural lifestyle, training regimens beginning at a young age with aerobic activities, seem crucial, as well as moderate volume, high-intensity workouts at altitudes ranging from 2,000 to 3,000 m. Psychological factors, including a strong motivation to succeed driven by aspirations for socioeconomic improvement and a rich tradition of running excellence, also contribute significantly. A multifactorial explanation considering these factors, without a clear genetic influence, is nowadays the strongest argument to explain the East African phenomenon.
Summary and outlook
To unravel the mystery behind the supremacy of East African runners, it is imperative to consider these multifaceted factors. The predominantly rural lifestyle of the East African population underscores the importance of aligning modern lifestyles with the evolutionary past of Homo sapiens, where physical activity was integral to daily life. Further research is required to explain this phenomenon, with a focus on genetics.This work was supported by the sub2hrs marathon project
Integración de un programa de entrenamiento de miembros inferiores y tronco en atletas con un síndrome de pinzamiento subacromial: un protocolo de ensayo clínico aleatorizado.
Get PDFIntroducción: El dolor subacromial es común en atletas con movimientos repetidos por encima de la cabeza. La tendinopatía del manguito rotador es una complicación frecuente, especialmente en deportes como voleibol, béisbol y natación. Dado que un programa de entrenamiento de hombro ya ha demostrado su contribución, sería pertinente asociarlo con un programa de entrenamiento de MMII y tronco para optimizar esta ventana de recuperación. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de un programa de entrenamiento que integra ejercicios para el tronco, miembros inferiores y superiores, con el objetivo de reducir el dolor debido a una tendinopatía del manguito rotador, consecuencia de un SIS en atletas que realizan movimientos repetidos por encima de la cabeza, utilizando la escala NPRS después de 6 semanas de entrenamiento, en comparación a solo un programa de entrenamiento dirigido al hombro. Métodos: Es un ensayo clínico aleatorizado en dos grupos: grupo control con programa de entrenamiento de hombro y grupo experimental con programa de entrenamiento de hombro, MMII y tronco. Se recluta pacientes con tendinopatía del manguito rotador, presentando con pruebas funcionales (Jobes, Hawkings y Empty) y ecografía. Siguen un protocolo común durante un mes, basado en el entrenamiento del hombro lesionado. Se valora como variable primaria el dolor con la escala NPRS, y como variables secundarias la funcionalidad del miembro lesionado mediante la escala FAST y la prueba YBT-UQ, el rango de movimiento con un goniómetro y la fuerza muscular con un HHD. Resultados esperados: Se espera una mejoría significativa de cada una de las variables en los dos grupos, con una diferencia significativa a favor del grupo intervención en las evaluaciones intermedias y final. Conclusión: La integración del programa de entrenamiento de MMII y de tronco en los pacientes que tienen una tendinopatía del manguito rotador, consecuencia de un SIS puede tener efectos beneficiosos en el dolor, en la función del miembro lesionado, así como en el rango de movimiento del hombro y en la fuerza muscular.Introduction: Subacromial pain is common in athletes with repeated overhead movements. Rotator cuff tendinopathy is a common complication, especially in sports such as volleyball, baseball and swimming. Since a shoulder training programme has already proven its contribution, it would be pertinent to associate it with an MMII and trunk training programme to optimise this recovery window. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a training programme integrating trunk, lower limb and upper limb exercises to reduce pain due to rotator cuff tendinopathy resulting from SIS in overhead repetitive motion athletes using the NPRS after 6 weeks of training compared to a shoulder training programme alone. Methods: It is a randomised clinical trial in two groups: control group with shoulder training program and experimental group with shoulder, MMII and trunk training program. Patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy are recruited, presenting with functional tests (Jobes, Hawkings and Empty) and ultrasound. They follow a common protocol for one month, based on training the injured shoulder. Pain was assessed as a primary variable with the NPRS scale, and as secondary variables the functionality of the injured limb with the FAST scale and the YBT-UQ test, range of motion with a goniometer and muscle strength with a HHD. Expected results: Significant improvement in each of the variables is expected in both groups, with a significant difference in favour of the intervention group at the mid-term and final assessments. Conclusion: The integration of an MMII and trunk training programme in patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy resulting from SIS can have beneficial effects on pain, function of the injured limb, as well as shoulder range of motion and muscle strength