Siedlce University Publishing House Journals
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Oligopolization of the Polish Pharmacy Market: Impacts and Regulatory Recommendations under the \u27Pharmacy for Pharmacists 2.0\u27 Act
No full textW ciągu ostatnich 15 lat polski rynek apteczny przeszedł intensywny proces zmian własnościowych skutkujący spadkiem liczby aptek indywidualnych na rzecz podmiotów sieciowych. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja i omówienie zagrożeń wynikających z narastającej koncentracji własności na polskim rynku aptecznym oraz uzasadnienie potrzeby utrzymania i wzmocnienia regulacji służących ochronie jego struktury. W szczególności analizie poddano potencjalne skutki ponownego uchwalenia AdA 2.0. Zaprezentowano przegląd literatury i danych, analizę konsekwencji monopolizacji dla różnych grup interesariuszy (małych przedsiębiorstw, pacjentów oraz systemu ochrony zdrowia) oraz rekomendacje dotyczące kierunków działań legislacyjnych. Oligopolizacja i monopolizacja rynku aptecznego w Polsce nie jest jedynie kwestią gospodarczą – to problem o wielowymiarowych konsekwencjach społecznych, zdrowotnych i państwowych.Over the past 15 years, the Polish pharmacy market has undergone an intensive process of ownership transformation, resulting in a decline in the number of independent pharmacies in favor of chain entities. The aim of this article is to identify and discuss the risks arising from the growing ownership concentration in the Polish pharmacy market and to justify the need for maintaining and strengthening regulations that protect its structure. Particular attention is given to the potential effects of reintroducing AdA 2.0. The article presents a review of literature and data, an analysis of the consequences of monopolization for various stakeholder groups (small businesses, patients, and the healthcare system), as well as recommendations for future legislative directions. The oligopolization and monopolization of the pharmacy market in Poland is not solely an economic issue – it constitutes a problem with multidimensional social, health, and state-leve
Analytical Study of Ahmad Kasravi’s Claim of Prophethood based on Adler’s Psychological Theory
Full text linkAhmad Kasravi was among the thinkers with religious intellectualism tendencies, whose opinions on religion in contemporary Iranian history were among the most controversial ones. According to the Peyman monthly magazine, Kasravi initially expressed his views as a religious reformer and presented a rationalist-based ritual called “Pure Religion” in the guise of a prophet. Kasravi’s personality traits are used to explain his approach in propagating the new religion. The present study aims to assess Kasravi’s claim to be a prophet with an interdisciplinary approach utilizing Adler’s psychological theory and Peyman magazine. Based on Adler’s theory, pampering and suffering from anemia resulted in developing a special personality and creating a sense of inferiority in Kasravi. Kasravi’s successes in historical studies led to a kind of compensation for his inferiority, superiority, and development of his creative self-approach. As this approach intensified and he criticized religious dissenters, an imaginary teleology developed in Kasravi’s mind, leading to his claim to be prophet and presentation of a new religion
Metallurgy and Ancient Mining in Tujerdi District of Fars Province, Iran
Full text linkThe production of metal artifacts, as one of the earliest forms of industry and craftsmanship, has long attracted scholarly attention. Iran has historically been one of the primary centers for metal production across various periods. The geology of Fars Province reveals rich mineral resources that have supported mining activities since ancient times. This study is based on archaeological surveys conducted in the Tujerdi district of Sarchahan County, located in eastern Fars. During these surveys, one mine and nine slag sites were identified. Further surveys are expected to uncover additional sites related to ancient mining and metallurgical activities. The investigation also contributes to understanding the role of mining in the formation and economy of past societies. Based on the findings, it appears that copper and iron were the main metals extracted in the region. Pottery collected from the surveyed sites suggests chronological spans ranging from the Parthian to the Sasanian and Islamic periods
The management strategy of the municipality in the context of current development challenges
Full text linkThe article presents a discussion on the current situation of the municipalities, in the context ofdevelopment. It highlights the key factors reflecting the needs and management capabilities of the municipalityallowing for the formation of a rational functioning. It has been proposed to supplement the practicalfunctioning of municipalities in the planning of the procedure, including a diagnosis of the current stateand strategy, which ultimately enables management advantage. It presents the necessary changes in themanagement of the municipality in the context of coopetition enabling agreement with the competition.It discusses the related dilemmas and presents potential areas of cooperation
A few words about the fight for accessibility – 2nd Congress of Women with Disabilities
Full text linkCelem artykułu jest przedstawienie kwestii dostępności dla osób o szczególnych potrzebach w odniesieniu do zapisów prawnych, jak i życia codziennego. W artykule autorka porusza niezwykle aktualną kwestię dostępności dla osób o szczególnych potrzebach. Na pierwszych stronach wyjaśnia podstawowe zagadnienia związane z dostępnością wynikające z zapisów ustawy o dostępności dla osób o specjalnych potrzebach. Dzięki temu czytelnik wie, jak być powinno. Następnie autorka wspomina o działalności trzeciego sektora, w tym kolektywu o nazwie Artykuł 6 i wydarzeniu o nazwie II Zjazd Kobiet z Niepełnosprawnościami, podczas którego odbył się panel dyskusyjny na temat dostępności. Treści wynikające z zapisów wspomnianej ustawy skonfrontowano z rzeczywistymi doświadczeniami kobiet z niepełnosprawnościami, w oparciu o co wyłoniono postulaty dla dalszej praktyki i działań doskonalących. Jednym z nich jest edukacja społeczeństwa, już od najwcześniejszych etapów – na temat różnorodności społeczeństwa i w związku z tym potrzeby dostosowań. Artykuł powstał w oparciu o źródła naukowe, opracowania branżowe, akty prawne, recenzję wydarzenia i doświadczenie własne autorki. Walorem tekstu autorki jest perspektywa własna i utożsamianie się w podjętą problematyką oraz uwypuklenie kontekstu działań rzeczniczych w walce o dostępność.The aim of the article is to present the issue of accessibility for people with special needs in relation to legal provisions and everyday life. In the article, the author raises the extremely current issue of accessibility for people with special needs. On the first pages, it explains the basic issues related to accessibility resulting from the provisions of the Act on Accessibility for People with Special Needs. Thanks to this, the reader knows how it should be. Then the author mentions the activities of the third sector, including a collective called Article 6 and an event called the 2nd Congress of Women with Disabilities, during which a panel discussion on accessibility was held. The content resulting from the provisions of the above-mentioned Act was compared with the actual experiences of women with disabilities, based on which postulates for further practice and improvement activities were selected. One of them is educating society, from the earliest stages, about the diversity of society and the therefore need for adaptations. The article was based on scientific sources, industry studies, legal acts, a review of the event and the author\u27s own experience. The advantage of the author\u27s text is her own perspective and identification with the issues raised, as well as emphasizing the context of advocacy activities in the fight for accessibility.
