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Jeffrey Kotyk, Sino-Iranian and Sino-Arabian Relations in Late Antiquity. China and the Parthians, Sasanians, and Arabs in the First Millennium. Leiden: Brill, 2024, ISBN: 9789004695436
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Manufacturing and Trade of Dual-Use Microelectronics: Perspective ofState Security in Poland. Research Reconnaissance
Full text linkW artykule opisano współczesną pozycję Polski na globalnym rynku elektroniki i oprogramowania, w kontekście obrotu produktami typu dual-use. Sformułowano hipotezę, iż usytuowanie geopolityczne Polski czyni tutejsze firmy z branży elektroniki i ICT podatnymi na działania korupcyjne, włamania do systemów IT oraz penetrację przez wywiady FR, ChRL i innych państw, zainteresowanych zakupem objętych embargiem technologii lub pozyskiwaniem objętych tajemnicą państwową lub handlową informacji naukowo-technicznych. Zdefiniowano zbiór podmiotów (sekcja 1), które mogą wchodzić w zainteresowanie zagranicznych organizacji państwowych i prywatnych, w tym posiadających swoje siedziby także poza FR i ChRL (celem zamaskowania ostatecznego użytkownika). Następnie zawężono krąg przedsiębiorstw, narażonych na oferty korupcyjne do ok. 400-500, wskazując, że nie wszystkie segmenty produkcji układów półprzewodnikowych obecne są na polskim rynku. Główne pytania badawcze dotyczą tego, jakie geopolityczne czynniki stwarzają zagrożenie dla polskich firm elektronicznych w ich zachowaniach rynkowych? (2); czego wymaga prawo krajowe i europejskie od tych firm w zakresie przestrzegania sankcji? (3); jakie zagrożenia firmy te powinny uwzględniać w planowaniu polityki bezpieczeństwa? (4); jakie są możliwe scenariusze reakcji firm na nielegalne oferty? (5). Wykorzystano takie metody empiryczne, jak studium przypadku i ekstrapolacja danych (przykład firmy Wilk Elektronik) i analiza statystyczna (dane GUS, COIG, PKD, KRS), a także teoretyczne, jak porównanie (rynek niemiecki i dalekowschodni) i analiza historyczna (w zakresie praktyk omijania embarga). Sprawdzono możliwości teorii gier odnośnie dostarczenia modeli, przydatnych do analizy zachowań przedsiębiorców.The article describes Poland\u27s current position on the global electronics and software market in the context of trade of dual-use products. It puts forward the hypothesis that Poland\u27s geopolitical loca-tion makes local electronics and ICT companies vulnerable to corruption, IT system hacking, and penetra-tion by intelligence services from the Russian Federation, China, and other countries interested in purchas-ing embargoed technologies or obtaining scientific and technical information covered by state or trade secrets. A set of entities (section 1) was defined that may be of interest to foreign state and private organ-izations, including those based outside the Russian Federation and the PRC (in order to conceal the end user). The circle of companies exposed to corruption offers was then narrowed down to approx. 400-500, indicating that not all segments of semiconductor chip production are present on the Polish market. The main research questions concern what geopolitical factors pose a threat to Polish electronics companies in their market behavior? (2); what do national and European law require of these companies in terms of compliance with sanctions? (3); what threats should these companies take into account when planning
Impact of artificial intelligence on the infosphere – selected issues
Full text linkCelem niniejszego artykułu była konfrontacja wygenerowanych przez ChatGPT treści dotyczących wpływu SI na infosferę z aktualnie prowadzoną refleksją na ten temat, w kontekście wybranych zagadnień. Artykuł został podzielony na dwie części. W pierwszej części zostały zadane pytania programowi ChatGPT, któ re dotyczyły: rozumienia infosfery, wpływu sztucznej inteligencji na infosferę oraz potencjalnych zagrożeń , jakie mogą do niej się odnosić za sprawną wykorzystania technologii SI. W drugiej części odpowiedzi udzielone przez ChatGPT zostały zestawione z obecnie dyskutowanymi wybranymi przykładami stosowania SI w infosferze.The purpose of this article is to confront the ChatGPT generated content on the impact of AI on the infosphere with the current thinking on the subject, in the context of selected issues. The article is divided into two parts. In the first part, questions were posed to the ChatGPT program on the following topics: understanding the infosphere, the impact of AI on the infosphere, and potential threats to the infosphere behind the efficient use of AI technology. In the second part, the answers provided by ChatGPT were juxtaposed with selected examples of AI use in the infosphere currently under discussion
A Brief Overview of the History of Journalism in Bulgaria (1878-1944)
Full text linkThe article provides a brief overview of the history of journalism in Bulgaria in the so-called first Bulgarian capitalism (1878-1944). In the post-liberation decades until the end of the 19th century, the press played a vital role in Bulgaria’s domestic political life. As the country sought to establish itself as an independent nation, the press became a platform for political interaction, perception moulding, and the expression of various ideologies. The paper aims to chronologically present significant events during the designated period and scrutinize the interconnectedness between journalism and politics, the press and statehood, media and its powerful role in shaping public opinion
The burial tradition of Zoroastrians in southern Fars: Baghān, Khonj
Full text linkFars province, located in the southern part of Iran, was the center of Zoroastrianism during the Achaemenid and Sasanian periods. The traditions and rituals of this religion were institutionalized in Fars over a millennium, and with the advent of Islam, the people of this region sought to continue these Zoroastrian traditions. The Zoroastrian burial ritual was one of the religious customs of the Zoroastrian community in this region, continuing well into the Islamic medieval period, particularly in the southern part of Fars. In this religion, the body, or “nesu”, had to be kept away from sacred elements such as earth, water, fire, and plants. For this reason, many Sasanian burials were placed in rock-hewn tombs located in mountainous regions. These burial sites are now commonly known as Ostoudan and Dakhmak. In this field study, for the first time, a number of lesser-known Ostoudan examples from the Zoroastrian tradition in southern Fars, specifically in the Baghān region of Khonj, have been identified and are introduced here
Portrayal of Chinese People and their Chineseness: Contrasting Hollywood Blockbusters with Asian Media Productions
No full textThe Orient is often depicted as a dependent entity whose presentation is framed within a Western perspective. This paper explores the various presentations and perceptions of China, the Chinese, and their sense of Chineseness as shown in Hollywood blockbusters and Asia media productions. Through dissecting the media presentations of Chinese cultural identity, this paper raises the question of the possibility of delinking the East from Western monetary fantasies about the country. To achieve these aims, different genres across the media are discussed to determine whether Chineseness has been commodified. Specifically, would amalgamation of dissimilar Chinese communities appear? Are objective evaluations made in assessing the genuineness of these different Chinese communities while presenting their dissimilarities? Although Hong Kong is a Chinese city, this metropolis has developed unique and hybrid characteristics owing to its historical background as a British colony and financial role as a business hub. This paper investigates whether the exceptional features of Hong Kong and its people as shown from various media products can be differentiated from other Chinese elements