MATE Journals (Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences)
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Comparison of the behaviour of three strains of laboratory mice in the climbing test
No full textIn our study, we tested three commonly used strains of laboratory mice in a simple behavioural test. In the climbing test, we looked at the time of the first climb and the number of climbs of the different strains during the 5-minute test time, depending on sex and age. Based on our results, neither tribe nor sex affected climbing time and the number of climbs, but different ages did. The younger animals completed the test much sooner and climbed much more often than the adult animals. Based on our results, we can say that in a more straightforward behavioural test, different mouse strains do not have as much effect as age
Enhanced Marketing Strategies in the Metaverse: Opportunities and Challenges
No full textSince the advent of social media, marketers have never had more opportunities for customer engagement and competitive advantage compared to today. In the best interests of the Metaverse, a network of interconnected virtual worlds that represents a fundamental transformation in the field of digital marketing, this paper provides a thorough analysis in this dynamic context by presenting advanced marketing strategies and techniques, scrutinizing the major opportunities, difficulties, and shifts and extensive effects on both consumers and businesses. Considering that the Metaverse provides transformative opportunities in brand interaction and consumer engagement, addressing this topic is of great importance. Immersive experiences and personalized campaigns in the Metaverse play a decisive role in creating a widespread revolution in marketing strategies. This highlights the special emphasis on the importance of continuing research and adapting to this dynamic digital space. This article examines and analyzes advanced marketing strategies in the Metaverse, with an emphasis on opportunities and challenges, while considering practical recommendations for businesses. Through this, companies can offer immersive, personalized, and of course, engaging marketing campaigns for their customers. The main emphasis of this research is on the importance of gamification, immersive experiences, and the creation of unique digital assets in generating exceptional and distinctive engagement with brands. By integrating and adapting insights from previous studies in the field of Metaverse marketing, additional reasons, opportunities, and challenges are presented to shape future research directions. The findings indicate that the Metaverse has the potential to significantly transform the interaction and engagement between consumers and brands. Additionally, it provides valuable information about how businesses can leverage to develop innovative and creative strategies while adhering to the ethical principles of Metaverse marketing. This research can contribute to the ongoing discussion about the future of digital marketing, while also highlighting the importance of rapidly evolving techniques to meet the needs and desires of the virtual world. Two main questions are posed as the framework for this research: What are the unique marketing opportunities in the Metaverse? And what challenges do marketers face when implementing strategies in the Metaverse?Since the advent of social media, marketers have never had more opportunities for customer engagement and competitive advantage compared to today. In the best interests of the Metaverse, a network of interconnected virtual worlds that represents a fundamental transformation in the field of digital marketing, this paper provides a thorough analysis in this dynamic context by presenting advanced marketing strategies and techniques, scrutinizing the major opportunities, difficulties, and shifts and extensive effects on both consumers and businesses. Considering that the Metaverse provides transformative opportunities in brand interaction and consumer engagement, addressing this topic is of great importance. Immersive experiences and personalized campaigns in the Metaverse play a decisive role in creating a widespread revolution in marketing strategies. This highlights the special emphasis on the importance of continuing research and adapting to this dynamic digital space. This article examines and analyzes advanced marketing strategies in the Metaverse, with an emphasis on opportunities and challenges, while considering practical recommendations for businesses. Through this, companies can offer immersive, personalized, and of course, engaging marketing campaigns for their customers. The main emphasis of this research is on the importance of gamification, immersive experiences, and the creation of unique digital assets in generating exceptional and distinctive engagement with brands. By integrating and adapting insights from previous studies in the field of Metaverse marketing, additional reasons, opportunities, and challenges are presented to shape future research directions. The findings indicate that the Metaverse has the potential to significantly transform the interaction and engagement between consumers and brands. Additionally, it provides valuable information about how businesses can leverage to develop innovative and creative strategies while adhering to the ethical principles of Metaverse marketing. This research can contribute to the ongoing discussion about the future of digital marketing, while also highlighting the importance of rapidly evolving techniques to meet the needs and desires of the virtual world. Two main questions are posed as the framework for this research: What are the unique marketing opportunities in the Metaverse? And what challenges do marketers face when implementing strategies in the Metaverse
The Importance of the World Heritage Title. The Hungarian World Heritage
No full textMagyarország 1985-ben csatlakozott az 1972-ben elfogadott UNESCO Világörökség Egyezményhez, melynek aláírásával kötelezettséget vállalt arra, hogy saját területén fekvő helyszíneket óvja és megőrzi a későbbi generációk számára, illetve hogy lehetősége szerint hozzájárul a Világörökségi Listán szereplő helyszínek védelméhez. Az UNESCO döntése nyomán jelenleg nyolc magyar helyszín szerepel a Világörökségi listán. A helyszínek közül hét a kulturális, egy pedig a természeti kategóriába lett besorolva. Jelen tanulmányban szakirodalmi forrásokkal vizsgáltam az UNESCO Világörökség Egyezménye kialakulásának folyamatát, a Világörökség Egyezmény tartalmát. Emellett bemutattam az UNESCO szellemi kulturális örökségek megőrzésére vonatkozó nemzetközi egyezményének tartalmát. Feltártam továbbá a magyarországi világörökségi helyszínekre és értékekre vonatkozó jogszabályi hátteret. A világörökségekkel kapcsolatban megszületett hazai jogszabályok kitérnek többek között a világörökségek feltárásának, védelmének, közkinccsé tételének, fenntartható használatának, kezelésének szabályozására, a magyarországi világörökségi várományos helyszínek rendszerezésére, a hazai világörökségekért felelős szervezetek működésének szabályozására.In 1985, Hungary joined the UNESCO World Heritage Convention adopted in 1972. By signing the accession treaty, our nation undertook to protect and preserve the sites on its territory for future generations, and to contribute to the protection of the sites on the World Heritage List as far as possible. Following UNESCO\u27s decision, eight Hungarian sites are currently on the World Heritage List. Seven of the locations were classified as cultural and one as natural. In this study, I examined the process of the creation of the UNESCO World Heritage Convention and the content of the World Heritage Convention with literary sources. In addition, I presented the content of UNESCO\u27s international convention on the preservation of intangible cultural heritage. I also explored the legislative background for World Heritage sites and values in Hungary. The domestic legislation enacted in relation to world heritage sites covers, among other things, the regulation of the exploration, protection, public ownership, sustainable use and management of world heritage sites, the organization of potential world heritage sites in Hungary, and the regulation of the operation of organizations responsible for domestic world heritage sites
-: Nemzetközi példák, adaptációs lehetőségek
No full textTanulmányunk célja annak megértése, hogy milyen nemzetközi példák és bevált gyakorlatok vannak a közlekedésbiztonsági rendszerek terén, valamint hogyan lehet ezeket hatékonyan adaptálni a hazai regionális viszonyokhoz. Fontos szempont a regionális rendszerek hatékonysága és stabil működése, valamint az alkalmazásuk költség-haszon elemzése is. Az összegyűjtött adatok és tapasztalatok vizsgálata segít abban, hogy hatékony stratégiákat és rendszereket alakítsunk ki a közlekedésbiztonság növelése érdekében. A kutatásunk eredményeinek megfelelően javaslatokat fogunk tenni a hazai közlekedésbiztonsági rendszer fejlesztésére, figyelembe véve a nemzetközi példákat és bevált gyakorlatokat. Ezen túlmenően, elemzésünkbe beemeltük a különböző szervezetek együttműködését, hogy hatékonyabban lehessen kezelni a közlekedésbiztonsághoz kapcsolódó kihívásokat. Tanulmányunk alapján megállapítható, hogy a közlekedésbiztonsági rendszerek javítása érdekében fontos a közúti infrastruktúra korszerűsítése és fejlesztése is. Ez magában foglalja a biztonságosabb útszakaszok kialakítását, a közvilágítás és jelzőrendszerek javítását, valamint a sebességkorlátozások és más közlekedési szabályok hatékony ellenőrzését és betartását. Eredményeink alapján megállapítottuk, hogy ki kell dolgozni olyan képzéseket és oktatási programokat, amelyek segítenek a közlekedési szakembereknek és a közlekedési résztvevőknek a közlekedésbiztonsági ismeretek és tudatosság fejlesztésében.The aim of our study is to understand what international examples and best practices exist in the field of public safety systems and how they can be effectively adapted to the domestic regional situation. The efficiency and stability of regional systems and the cost-benefit analysis of their application are also important aspects. The analysis of the data and experience gathered will help to develop effective strategies and systems to improve road safety. Based on the results of our research, we will make recommendations for the improvement of the national road safety system, taking into account international examples and best practices. In addition, we have included in our analysis the cooperation between different organisations to better address road séfet challenges. Our study concludes that it is also important to modernise and improve road infrastructure in order to improve road safety systems. This includes safer road design, improved lighting and signalling systems, and effective enforcement and enforcement of speed limits and other traffic rules. Based on our findings, we have identified the need to develop training and education programmes to help transport professionals and road users to improve road safety knowledge and awareness.
Heart rate variability of high producing cows in a parallel milking system
No full textStress response of milking cows (n = 36) during the evening milking procedure in a parallel milking system were evaluated in this study. Changes in heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) during early afternoon (reference period) were compared to those measured during the different parts of the evening milking: 1. before the evening milking, in the milking parlor, waiting for being milked, 2. during milking, 3. in the milking parlor after being let off from the milking stall. HR was significantly higher during the entire evening milking procedure compare to the reference period (P < 0.05). HRV during milking did not differ significantly from the reference period, but lower HRV was found during waiting in the milking stall after milking (HFnorm = 33.7 ± 23.5) than during the reference period (HFnorm = 52.8 ± 13.6) also than during evening resting (P < 0.001) but there were no significant differences between milking and resting in HRV. The results suggest that the evening milking was not really stressful for these animals. The greatest stress level was caused by the anticipation for getting out from the milking parlour. More research is needed for assess the stress-coping ability during milking
Housing and feeding management practices and research on artificial kid rearing – A review: Part 2. Housing technology of goat kids
No full textA szerzők, jelen tanulmányukban a mesterséges gidanevelésben a tengerentúlon és Nyugat-Európában elterjedt tartástechnológiai módszereket mutatják be. Ismertetik a gidák elhelyezésének alapelveit és a csoportos nevelés technológiáját kis és nagy létszámú telepeken. Bemutatják a különböző itató-berendezések felépítését, működését és kitérnek a mesterséges itatási rendszerek hazánkban való alkalmazhatóságára is.In this paper, the housing technologies applied in the USA, Australia and West-Europe are presented. The guidelines regarding keeping technologies of goat kids in loose housing systems in smaller as well as in larger farms are also described. Next to the illustration of the construction and functioning of the different milk feeders the applicability of the artificial feeding systems in Hungary are also pointed out
Welfare aspects of animal transportation
No full textA szerzők irodalmi adatok alapján összefoglalják az állatok reagálást a szállítás során. A szállítás során különböző stressztényezők, köztük fizikai (éhség, szomjúság és sérülések) vagy környezeti stresszorok (hőmérséklet, pára, szociális rangsor felbomlása stb.) hatnak az állatokra.Évente ugyanis több millió élő állatot szállítanak Európa szerte. Az utóbbi években az Európai Unió számos tagországában foglalkoztak az állatszállítással és bevezettek új szabályokat a szállítás előtti, alatti és az utáni időszakokra. A szigorúnak mondható szabályozás ellenére is, számos állatjóléti probléma merül fel a szállításuk során. Az ezeket kiváltó tényezők feltárásával, a lehetőségekhez mérten orvoslásával lehetőség nyílhat az állatok közérzetének javítására.The present paper reviews some of the factors that influence how an animal may react during transport. Animals can be stressed during transport by either physical stress effects (hunger, thirst, injury) or by environmental stressparameters (temperature, humidity, break up of social hierarchy etc.).Each year millions of live animals are transported across Europe. Many states introduce new regulations for animal transport that focus on animal welfare before, after and during the trips. In spite of the severe regulations, during the journey many animal welfare problems appear. With investigation the causes of these welfare problems we have possibility to improve the conditions of live transport and as a consequence of these the welfare of animals during transport can be realized
Lágyszárú növények értékelése az ökoszisztéma-szolgáltatásban
No full textNature can contribute to human well-being in many ways, positively affecting not only our physical health but also our mental health. Urban green spaces and their vegetation make a significant contribution to improving the quality of the urban environment, in particular by reducing the effects of climate change, sequestering pollutants mitigating the urban heat island effect. In addition to mitigating the negative impacts of human activity, they play an important role in enhancing the aesthetic quality of the urban environment and the identity and character of the place. Plants, through the ecosystem services they provide (ES), are therefore essential for improving the resilience of cities, the quality of life of their inhabitants their attachment to place. The concept and system of ES has become an increasingly widely used and emphasized concept over the last few decades. There is a large body of literature available on the services provided by plants, with particular emphasis on trees. But herbaceous plants are usually less emphasized, which is the focus in this research, their role being somewhat underestimated due to their smaller size, leaf mass, and shorter life span . Based on a review of the relevant literature, this research investigates the functions that herbaceous plants can play in urban green space ecosystems and the services they can provide to the people living in their surroundings. Our goal is to ensure that when designing urban herbaceous surfaces, the maximisation of context-appropriate ES should be included and emphasised in the plant selection criteria.A természet sokféle módon képes hozzájárulni az emberi jóléthez, pozitív hatással van nemcsak a fizikális, hanem a mentális egészségünkre is. A városi zöldfelületek és azok növényzete jelentősen hozzájárul az urbánus környezet minőségének javításához, elsősorban a klímaváltozás hatásainak csökkentése, a szennyező anyagok megkötése és a városi hősziget hatás enyhítése révén. Az emberi tevékenységből származó kedvezőtlen hatások mérséklésén túl, fontos szerepük van az urbanizált környezet esztétikai minőségének, a hely identitásának és karakterének erősítésében. A növényeknek tehát az általuk nyújtott ökoszisztéma-szolgáltatások (ES=Ecosystem services) révén alapvető jelentőségük van a városok ellenálló képességének, valamint az ott élők életminőségének javításában és a helyhez való kötődésük erősítésében. Az ES fogalma és rendszere az elmúlt néhány évtizedben egyre széles körben használt, hangsúlyos koncepcióvá vált. Számos szakirodalom foglalkozik a növények által nyújtott szolgáltatásokkal, kiemelt jelentőséget tulajdonítva fáknak, a lágyszárú növények azonban kisebb hangsúlyt kapnak ezekben a kutatásokban, szerepük kissé alábecsült, kisebb termetük, lombtömegük és rövidebb élettartamuk okán. Jelen kutatásunk a vonatkozó szakirodalmak áttekintésére alapozva azt vizsgálja, hogy a lágyszárú növények milyen funkciókat tölthetnek be a városi zöldfelületek ökoszisztémáiban és milyen szolgáltatásokat nyújthatnak a környezetükben élők számára. Célunk, hogy a városi lágyszárú felületek tervezésekor a növényválasztási szempontok között megjelenjen és hangsúlyos legyen a kontextusnak megfelelő ES maximalizálása
Analysing the Determinants of Youth Unemployment in Transitional Economies Evidence from Hungary
No full textYouth unemployment in Europe poses a serious challenge to the European Union and its member states. The main objective of the study was to investigate the macroeconomic determinants of youth unemployment in Hungary using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. To achieve the objective of the study, secondary data was used, which was collected from the World Bank for the period 1992–2022. The study employed a descriptive and explanatory research design with a quantitative research approach. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron unit root test was conducted to assess the stationarity of the data. The dependent variable was the youth unemployment rate, while the explanatory variables include gross domestic product, gross domestic saving, inflation rate, and real effective exchange rate. The finding suggests that gross domestic product, real effective exchange rate, and inflation have statistically significant impacts on the youth unemployment rate in the short run. The long run model suggests that gross domestic product, gross domestic saving, real effective exchange rate, and inflation have a statistically significant impact on youth unemployment. Finaly, policy makers need to concentrate on enacting measures that promote economic growth, such as bolstering important sectors of the economy and concentrate on industries with a high capacity for absorbing labour to guarantee that growth results in job creation
"Success is a kind of faith in doing something correctly": Cases of subjective success in peripheral areas of Hungary from the vantage point of the rural elite
No full textIn the life of each municipality, settlement leadership is always a key factor of success. The study demonstrates that stable loyalty and confidence in municipal leadership is felt not only toward the figure of the leader but also his entourage, i.e., the administrative staff and the representative body. The primary data collection in the framework of the research conducted by the Institute for Regional Studies enabled us to examine a specific layer of local elites in peripheral areas from various perspectives. The study reviews the composition, role, and functions of the representative body during the successive local government election cycles in Baranya County in Hungary, with a view to examining the subjective determinants of settlement success