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ANALIZA KAPACITETE LiFePO 4 BATERIJ V ODVISNOSTI OD SPROŠČENIH ELEKTRONOV
Full text linkThe lithium iron phosphate battery, or LiFePO 4, has been analysed in this article. Initially, a comprehensive overview was provided concerning the properties and chemistry of batteries. Subsequently, the core focus of the research was addressed, which centred on quantifying the number of electrons released per 1 cm2 in 1 second in one cell in the battery during charging. Additionally, comparisons were made, to ascertain whether batteries with capacities lower than the one selected for this study impact the number of electrons released during charging, assuming constant battery voltage, cell surface area and current, or whether the number of released electrons remains unaffected by the capacity variations. The analysis was conducted analytically, and demonstrated transparently using the MATLAB software package.V tem članku je bila analizirana litij-železno-fosfatna baterija oziroma LiFePO4. Na začetku je bil podan celovit pregled lastnosti in kemije baterij. Nato je bilo obravnavano osrednje področje raziskave, ki se je osredotočalo na kvantifikacijo števila elektronov, sproščenih na 1 cm2 v 1 sekundi v 1 celici baterije med polnjenjem. Poleg tega je bila opravljena primerjava, da bi bilo ugotovljeno, ali baterije z manjšimi kapacitetami kot tista, izbrana za to študijo, vplivajo na število sproščenih elektronov med polnjenjem, ob predpostavki konstantne napetosti baterije, površine posamezne celice in toka, ali pa število sproščenih elektronov ostaja nespremenjeno ne glede na variacije kapacitete. Analiza je bila izvedena analitično in bolj pregledno v programskem paketu MATLAB
VSEBNOST TEŽKIH KOVIN V TLEH IZBRANIH KMETIJSKIH POVRŠIN V POVEZAVI Z NJIHOVIM NARAVNIM OZADJEM
Full text linkHeavy metals (HM) are present in soil naturally [1], due to the weathering of the element-rich parent rock and by anthropogenic sources (industry, energy production, agriculture, traffic) [2– 4]. The agricultural sources of increased HM concentrations in soil are HM-containing fertilizers and pesticides. Agricultural soils are often considered polluted, and are therefore subject to soil contamination monitoring for food safety reasons. Allotments are particularly at risk from intensive gardening, the general overuse of fertilizers, soil conditioners, often seen as a means of improving soil quality, in some cases the overuse or misuse of pesticides and, in the past, the use of coal ash. In some cases, landowners are also receiving untested and potentially polluted soils from elsewhere. Therefore, the soils of the vegetable/allotment gardens are generally considered to be ‘highly anthropogenized\u27. According to Slovenian legislation [5], the HM concentration is considered elevated if the HM concentration in the soil is above the limit immission value (LIV), polluted if it is above the warning immission value (WIV) and critically polluted if it is above the critical immission value (CIV). The HM content was analyzed in the soils of 20 allotment gardens in the village of Legen (Municipality of Slovenj Gradec, Carinthia, Slovenia). The soil samples were dried, ground and sieved in the FEP laboratory, and analyzed ‘by Bureau Veritas Commodities (Canada) using Aqua Regia extraction to determine the \u27pseudo-total content\u27 for 37 elements (Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hg, K, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, Te, Th, Ti, TI, U, V, W, and Zn), 10 of which (in the frames) are considered common HM soil contaminants. The comparison of the HM concentrations in the garden soils with the well-known rich natural geochemical background of the area showed that the values for all the compared metals, except Al, Fe, Ga, Sc, Th and Co, were higher than natural element backgrounds in the Eastern Alps and in Slovenia as a whole. The HM concentrations in the garden soils were within, or slightly above, the natural background values [1], but below the LIV, with the exception of Pb and Zn in four gardens, where the concentrations exceeded the WIV [6]. The garden soils in the Legen village area have been enriched anthropogenically, most likely by the introduction of manure, and, in one case, untested and contaminated soils from elsewhere. Most of the gardens are characteristically oversupplied with the nutrients P and K; the soils are moderately enriched with soil organic matter and have an average acidity of pH 6.7, which means that the soil is neutral.Težke kovine (TK) so v tleh naravno prisotne [1] predvsem zaradi preperevanja matičnih kamnin, bogatimi z elementi, in antropogenih virov (industrija, energijska proizvodnja, kmetijstvo in promet) [2-4]. Kmetijski vir povišanih koncentracij TK v tleh je uporaba raznih gnojil in pesticidov, ki vsebujejo TK. Kmetijska tla pogosto veljajo za onesnažena, ravno zato pa so zaradi varnosti hrane vključena v monitoring talne onesnaženosti. Vrtovi so še posebej ogroženi zaradi intenzivnega vrtnarjenja, splošne pretirane uporabe gnojil in drugih dodatkov, ki naj bi izboljšali kakovost tal, v nekaterih primerih prekomerne ali napačne uporabe pesticidov ter uporabe premogovega pepela v preteklosti. V določenih primerih lastniki zemljišč uporabljajo netestirana in potencialno onesnažena tla od drugod. Zato na splošno velja, da so tla vrtov »močno antropogena«. V skladu s slovensko zakonodajo [5] koncentracija TK velja za povišano, kadar koncentracija TK v tleh preseže mejno imisijsko vrednost (MIV), za onesnaženo, če preseže opozorilno imisijsko vrednost (OIV), in za kritično onesnaženo, kadar preseže kritično imisijsko vrednost (KIV). Analizirali smo vsebnost TK v tleh 20 vrtov v vasi Legen (občina Slovenj Gradec, Koroška). Talni vzorci so bili posušeni, zmleti in presejani v laboratoriju FVO ter analizirani v Bureau Veritas Commodities (Kanada) z uporabo ekstrakcijske metode Aqua Regia za določanje navidezne skupne vsebnosti 37 elementov (Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hg, K, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, Te, Th, Ti, TI, U, V, W in Zn), od katerih 10 (v okvirjih) spada med pogoste TK, ki onesnažujejo tla. Primerjava koncentracij TK v vrtnih tleh z dobro poznanim bogatim naravnim geokemičnem ozadjem območja je pokazala, da so vrednosti vseh primerjanih kovin, z izjemo Al, Fe, Ga, Sc, Th in Co, višje od elementov naravnega ozadja Vzhodnih Alp in celotne Slovenije. Koncentracije TK v tleh vrtov so znotraj ali tik nad vrednostmi naravnega ozadja [1], vendar pod MIV, z izjemo Pb in Zn v štirih vrtovih, kjer koncentracije presegajo OIV [6]. Tla vrtov vasi Legen so bila antropogeno obogatena, najverjetneje z vnosom gnojil ter v enem primeru netestiranih in onesnaženih tal od drugod. Za večino vrtov velja, da so ekstremno preskrbljeni s hraniloma P in K; tla so zmerno obogatena z organsko snovjo in imajo povprečno kislost s pH vrednostjo 6.7, kar pomeni, da so tla nevtralna
Vpliv velikosti vetrnih elektrarn na ekonomsko upravičenost na lokaciji Ojstrica.
No full text Wind energy in Slovenia has not yet achieved a significant share in the energy resource mix, due primarily to the limited number of suitable locations and opposition from local communities. Nevertheless, interest in wind power plants is increasing, as they represent significant potential for utilising renewable energy sources. The paper analyses the economic viability of wind farm installation and electricity production at the proposed Ojstrica site in the Dravograd Municipality. Two scenarios were considered, involving wind turbines with capacities of 3.5 MW and 7 MW. Based on wind speed data, turbine power curves, and an electricity selling price of 75 EUR/MWh, the study calculated the maximum investment costs for each turbine type to ensure economic viability under the condition of a net present value (NPV) equal to zero. The results show that the maximum allowable investment is 5.99 million EUR for the 3.5 MW turbine and 15.60 million EUR for the 7 MW turbine. Vetrna energija v Sloveniji še ni dosegla velikega deleža v tortnem diagramu virov energije, predvsem zaradi omejenega števila primernih lokacij in nasprotovanja lokalnih skupnosti. Kljub temu pa se zanimanje za vetrne elektrarne povečuje, saj so pomemben potencial za izkoriščanje obnovljivih virov energije. Prispevek analizira ekonomsko upravičenost postavitve vetrnih elektrarn in proizvodnjo električne energije, proizvedene z vetrnimi turbinami na predvideni lokaciji postavitve na Ojstrici v občini Dravograd. Poudarek prispevka je na izračunu predvidene proizvodnje električne energije z vetrnimi turbinami. Za izračun so uporabljeni razpoložljivi podatki o hitrosti vetra in porazdelitvi frekvence hitrosti vetra na izbrani lokaciji vetrne elektrarne, krivulja moči posamezne izbrane turbine in podatki o višini cene električne energije. Študija vključuje dva primera, kjer ocenjujemo ekonomsko upravičenost postavitve vetrne elektrarne iz vetrnih turbin različnih zmogljivosti, 3,5 MW in 7 MW. Z analizo smo glede na vhodne podatke za oba tipa vetrnih turbin izračunali maksimalno višino investicije po turbini, da je investicija še ekonomsko smiselna oziroma da je neto sedanja vrednost večja od 0. Prispevek analizira ekonomsko upravičenost postavitve vetrne elektrarne in proizvodnje električne energije na predvideni lokaciji postavitve Ojstrica v občini Dravograd. Obravnavana sta bila dva scenarija, ki vključujeta vetrni turbini z inštalirano močjo 3,5 MW in 7 MW. Študija je na podlagi podatkov o hitrosti vetra, krivuljah moči turbin in prodajni ceni električne energije v višini 75 EUR/MWh izračunala največje dopustne investicijske stroške za posamezno vrsto turbine, s čimer je zagotovljena ekonomska upravičenost ob pogoju, da je neto sedanja vrednost (NPV) enaka nič. Rezultati kažejo, da je največja dovoljena investicija 5,99 milijona EUR za turbino z inštalirano močjo 3,5 MW in 15,60 milijona EUR za turbino z inštalirano močjo 7 MW.
(De)Globalisation and the New Industrial Policy
Full text linkThe processes of economic and political cooperation since the Second World War have stimulated economic growth and improved living standards and prosperity, while intensified economic integration and contributed to a better response to global challenges. Following the 2008 global financial crisis, there is a trend towards deglobalisation or slowbalisation. The article provides a comprehensive literature review and examines data sources on the situation and trends related to the globalisation of the world economy and the rise of industrial policy measures in advanced economies. It was found that the world economy is facing several challenges, including the reshaping of global supply chains, mitigating the effects of economic inequality and climate change, and the rise of economic populism and nationalism. This article consequently provides a comprehensive overview of the literature on globalisation and industrial policy, examining the interplay between deglobalisation processes and industrial policy measures and their increasing prominence in advanced economies
Establishing a Digital Participation Bank in North Macedonia: Opportunities and Challenges in Interest-Free Finance
Full text linkThis paper aims to explore the feasibility of establishing a digital participation bank in North Macedonia based on the principles of interest-free finance. This system has been part of ethical and equitable financial systems in the major Abrahamic religions. Thus, as interest-free finance becomes more popular worldwide, digital banking presents a new approach to incorporating these principles into the Macedonian banking system. Here, the purpose of the paper is to discuss the applicability of establishing a digital participation bank in North Macedonia based on interest-free finance principles, by drawing on global best practices. In that sense, this paper provides an analysis of the interest–free finance and intends to describe the banking environment in North Macedonia and the necessary regulatory and market changes. Furthermore, it offers recommendations for integrating ethical, interest-free finance into the Macedonian digital banking sector. Findings indicate that the country has strong potential, due to its diverse population, growing SMEs sector and demand for ethical financial services, but at the core, significant legal and institutional changes are required. Finally, the paper concludes with the opportunities that digital interest-free finance has in financial inclusion, investment attractiveness, and integration with the digital transformation strategy; while detected challenges refer to regulatory changes, consumer and institutional education
Relationship between Employer Branding, CSR and Social Media Communication
Full text linkThis research aims to examine whether employer branding (EB) activities are related to the ranking of the Most Desirable Employer in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), and to explore the correlation between EB, corporate social responsibility (CSR), and organisational representation on social media. The research was conducted among employees of 15 organisations ranked as the Most Desirable Employers, potential employees, and final-year university students from various academic fields. While in developed countries, specialised companies focus on talent attraction and recruitment as part of EB strategies, employers in BiH have yet to reach that level of long-term workforce planning and fully recognise the strategic benefits EB can offer. The findings indicate that EB significantly influences employer’s desirability among current and potential employees, and that organisations perceived as socially responsible tend to enjoy a stronger employer brand and are considered more desirable. Moreover, the analysis revealed no significant differences in the perception of the relationship between socially responsible business practices and organisational representation on social media between current and potential employees. The study’s key contributions include the finding that EB correlates positively with employer desirability; and that the impact of perceived dimensions of EB attractiveness is evident from the perspectives of both current and potential employees
Razvijanje mnogoterih inteligentnosti učencev na izbrani osnovni šoli
Full text linkIn this article, we explore the awareness of educational professionals regarding the use of Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences (MI) in inclusive schools. The research involved 49 educational professionals from selected primary schools. We found that they were generally familiar with Gardner’s MI theory, but most do not use it intentionally in their teaching. They most often develop interpersonal, verbal-linguistic, and mathematical-logical intelligence, while bodily-kinesthetic, spiritual, and musical-rhythmic intelligences remain less frequently stimulated. In an inclusive school, it is crucial for teachers to use Universal Design for Learning, which addresses different types of intelligence and enables more differentiated teaching.V prispevku raziskujemo ozaveščenost pedagoških delavcev glede uporabe Gardnerjeve teorije mnogoterih inteligentnosti v izbrani osnovni šoli. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 49 pedagoških delavcev izbrane osnovne šole. Ugotovili smo, da so v splošnem seznanjeni z Gardnerjevo teorijo mnogoterih inteligentnosti, vendar je večina pri pouku ne uporablja načrtno. Najpogosteje razvijajo medosebno, besedno-jezikovno in matematično-logično inteligentnost, telesno-gibalna, duhovna in glasbeno-ritmična pa ostajajo najslabše zastopane. V inkluzivni šoli je ključno, da učitelji uporabljajo univerzalni dizajn učenja, ki nagovarja različne vrste inteligentnosti in omogoča bolj diferencirano poučevanje
Umetniški portfelji v začetnem izobraževanju vzgojiteljev predšolskih otrok kot sredstvo pridobivanja strokovnih kompetenc in reflektivne prakse
Full text linkThe study sought to examine the art portfolios of second-year undergraduate students of Early and Preschool Education at the Faculty of Teacher Education in Zagreb and their reflections on their own artwork. The aim was to examine how students experience, reflect on and interpret their creative work process. By reflecting, students acquire deeper understanding of art expression and perfect the ability to plan and evaluate visual art activities for implementation in their future work with children. The results show that students whose reflections on their own artwork through portfolios are more detailed show greater levels of self-awareness, creativity and pedagogical competence.
V raziskavi smo preučevali umetniške portfelje študentov drugega letnika dodiplomskega študija zgodnjega in predšolskega izobraževanja na Pedagoški fakulteti v Zagrebu ter njihovo refleksijo o lastnih umetniških delih. Cilj je bil ugotoviti, kako študenti doživljajo, reflektirajo in interpretirajo proces svojega ustvarjalnega dela. Z refleksijo študenti pridobivajo globlje razumevanje likovnega izražanja ter izpopolnjujejo sposobnost načrtovanja in vrednotenja likovnih dejavnosti za izvajanje v prihodnjem delu z otroki. Rezultati kažejo, da študenti, katerih refleksije o lastnih umetniških delih v portfeljih so podrobnejše, izkazujejo višjo raven samozavedanja, ustvarjalnosti in pedagoških kompetenc
Izboljšanje učne uspešnosti v osnovnem izobraževanju: Vloge reševanja problemov in izzivov kreativnega mišljenja
Full text linkThis study investigated the roles of problem-solving and creative thinking activities in primary science education. Participants included 64 third-grade and 62 fifth-grade students in Southern Vietnam, with half assigned to experimental groups and the others to control groups. The experimental groups, which received structured lessons, outperformed the control groups, which received traditional instruction. Results highlight the positive impact of integrating these activities on academic performance, supporting the effectiveness of structured support in enhancing learning outcomes.V študiji preučujemo vpliv aktivnosti reševanja problemov in kreativnega mišljenja na pouk naravoslovja v osnovni šoli. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 64 učencev tretjega razreda in 62 učencev petega razreda iz Južnega Vietnama, pri čemer je bila polovica razporejena v eksperimentalne skupine, druga polovica pa v kontrolne. Eksperimentalne skupine, ki so prejemale strukturirane učne ure, so dosegle boljše rezultate kot kontrolne skupine, ki so uporabljale tradicionalne učne metode. Rezultati poudarjajo pozitiven vpliv vključevanja teh aktivnosti na učno uspešnost in podpirajo učinkovitost strukturirane podpore pri izboljšanju učnih dosežkov
Podpora in razvijanje dobrobiti učencev skozi prehodni objekt ter rituale v osnovnošolskem izobraževanju
Full text linkWell-being is essential for pupils’ academic and personal growth. Since schools are central to children’s lives, they must provide a safe environment that supports emotional needs. This study explores how primary school teachers use transitional objects and rituals that help children adapt to school and feel secure. Findings reveal that teachers employ these tools intuitively, often without theoretical grounding. Despite their informal use, these practices positively influence pupils’ adaptation and the classroom climate. The study underscores the importance of integrating transitional elements into educational practice and calls for enhanced teacher training focused on emotional well-being and its role in early education. Dobro počutje je ključno za učni in osebnostni razvoj učencev. Ker so šole osrednji del otrokovega vsakdana, morajo zagotavljati varno okolje, ki podpira njihove čustvene potrebe. V študiji prikazujemo, kako osnovnošolski učitelji uporabljajo prehodne predmete in rituale, ki otrokom pomagajo pri prilagajanju na šolo in občutku varnosti. Ugotovitve kažejo, da učitelji te elemente uporabljajo intuitivno, pogosto brez teoretičnega ozadja. Kljub neformalni rabi ti pristopi pozitivno vplivajo na na prilagajanje učencev in na klimo v razredu. Poudarjamo pomen vključevanja prehodnih elementov v pedagoško prakso ter potrebo po izboljšanem usposabljanju učiteljev, osredinjenem na čustveno dobrobit učencev in njeno vlogo v zgodnjem izobraževanju.