IBBU Journals (Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University)
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Impact of COVID-19 on External Debt in Nigeria
No full textExternal debt is very important for the growth of any economy. It is basically used for augmenting the revenue of a country and to finance, sometimes, long-term capital project, for which domestic debt cannot be adequate. The COVID-19 pandemic came up with increase in government expenditure and fiscal deficit. This may not be unconnected to COVID-19 induced expenditure like buying of COVID-19 test kit, evacuation of Nigerian nationals in different parts of the World, to mention but a few. The current effort investigates the effect of COVID-19 on external debt in Nigeria. Vector Autoregressive Model was employed as the estimation technique after testing for the stationarity of the variables. It was found that past external debt, exchange rate and fiscal deficit are the major determinants of external debt in Nigeria. The study also found out that COVID-19 exerts a weak influence on external debt in Nigeria. The study therefore recommend the urgent need of the government in switching and streamlining discretionary spending in order to make resources available to fund the COVID-19-related economic effect
Assessing Pidgin English as a Development Communication for Rural Communities in Delta State: A Study of the Delta State Broadcasting Service (DBS) Radio
No full textThis study investigated the influence of Pidgin English on Development Communication programmes by the Delta State Broadcasting Services (DBS) radio, Warri, Delta State. In order to provide answers to the objectives of the study, a sample of 198 well-structured copies of questionnaire were administered on rural dwellers on randomly selected communities in Delta State. Findings revealed that there are several types of content that were peculiar and common on the Pidgin language programme on the radio station. These include issues surrounding economy and business, agriculture, music, social issues, etc. Findings also showed that the extent to which respondents preferred this type of language high and moderate. Finally, findings indicated that the use of Pidgin English on any of the radio programmes was capable of influencing socio-economic and political development in the rural communities under study. In all, the finding that indigenous language like Pidgin English could be potentially used to facilitate human and community development suggests that Western approaches to development in developing countries continues to be untenable. Among other recommendations, it was suggested that broadcasting stations should encourage more usage of Pidgin English language programmes in the schedules to encourage participation and ensure an all-inclusive communication process
Constituency Offices and Good Governance: An Assessment of the Nexus in Nigeria 1999 - 2019
No full textMilitary incursion into government and governance undoubtedly remains impediment to national growth and development in Nigeria. Fortunately too, the Nigerian Federation has witnessed virtually two decades of uninterrupted democracy and democratic process. However, the state still grapples with good governance cum development in infrastructures, provision of adequate primary and secondary healthcare, security of citizens’ lives and property among many other human needs. This study examines the nexus between constituency offices and good governance so as to determine their relevance, accessibility and sustenance within the context of Nigeria’s twenty years of uninterjected democracy particularly by the military. It adopts descriptive analysis, resting on secondary data source. Elite theory serves as its theoretical framework in order to enunciate the elements characterizing public decision-making in the context of constituency offices’ structuralisation in the country. The study concludes, among other observations, that constituency offices are rarely established and where available, usually situated in personal estates as well as parliamentarians are highly dogmatic in decision-making. It therefore, recommends that stringent constitutional measure should be provided for the mandatory establishment of constituency offices in centralized locations and legislators be legally committed to be formally accountable to their constituencies and constituents on regular basis including recall process of defaulting legislators be made an easy exercise
EARNINGS MANAGEMENT AND DIVIDEND PAYOUT OF NIGERIAN LISTED MONEY DEPOSIT BANKS
No full textBanks in Nigeria are exposed to liquidity and solvency problems due to huge non-performing loansyet they can manage to pay dividend. This study examines whether dividend payout, profitability,tax rate and size influences earnings management of Nigerian listed deposit money banks. Theresearch is a post-positivism paradigm that relied on secondary sources of data extracted fromthe financial statements of the banks that made the sample of the study. The population of the studyis the 14 listed money deposit banks in Nigeria for period ranging from 2010 to 2019. Regressiontechniques aided the analysis of data. Findings revealed that Dividend payout, profitability, sizeand tax rate influences earnings management of deposit banks at less than 1% level of significance.Based on the finding, the study concludes that banks manipulate profit in order to pay less tax andmore dividend despite its liquidity problems and the existence of huge nonperforming loans. Thestudy recommends the sustainability of CBN policy on liquidity position and thresholds regardingpayment of dividend. Secondly the study recommends that banks pursue a conservative workingcapital management policy that will secure their future liquidity position
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GLOBALIZATION, ECONOMIC GROWTH AND POVERTY REDUCTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
No full textThis study investigates the relationship between globalization, economic growth and povertyreduction using 93 developing countries for the period 2005-2018. Despite the spread ofglobalization across countries of the world, poverty reduction is still the main topic of discussionin the developing world. Although, some regions have made progress in poverty reduction, othershave stagnated or even regressed. The empirical literature has reported mixed findings for theglobalization-poverty nexus and this has made the debate open till date. The mixed findingsemanate from the problems of misspecification error, method of data analysis and proxies tocapture poverty reduction. This study adopts the recent measure of poverty reduction known ashousehold final consumption per capita to measure poverty reduction, applied a dynamic method(GMM) as against the static model and updated data on relevant variable as well as utilized aninteractive model to explain the nexus. The baseline model shows that only economic and socialglobalization are significant in poverty reduction in the developing countries while politicalglobalization is insignificant. The interaction of institutional quality with globalization revealedthat at better institutions, are needed for the impact of globalization to be felt by the poor. Althoughthe empirical result shows that globalization reduces poverty, economic growth is a more effecttool to reduce poverty in developing countries because the result shows that 1% increase ineconomic growth reduces poverty by 0.162% in the baseline model as well as subsequent modelsas against a reduction from average globalization of 0.066%. Also, policy makers in thedeveloping countries should encourage school enrolment, fight against price instability andincreasing population because results reveal they are detrimental to the poverty
IMPACT OF ACCOUNTING REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ON QUALITY OF FINANCIAL REPORTING AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REGULATION: THE NIGERIAN BANKING SECTOREXPERIENCE
No full textThis study considers the influence of accounting regulatory framework on quality of financialreporting and corporate governance regulation in Nigeria. The scope covers 2011-2020. Thestandard least square multiple regression analysis was adopted. The regression model showedlinear sensitivity or elasticity between independent and dependent variables and whether or notthe identified linear relationship was significant. The findings further show a covariant, significantand positive relationship between accounting regulatory framework and quality of financialreporting and corporate governance regulation. However, this appears to be only in the shortterm. The study recommends more stringent supervisory role by the Central Bank of Nigeria toensure complete compliance by banks in Nigeria by regularly observing the banks financialstatements with regards to compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards
An Analysis of the Nature of Colonial Conquest in Northern Nigeria and its Implication on Small Scale Societies: A Case of the Bwazzas of Numan Division, 1900-1960
No full textThe British colonial enterprise in Nigeria, no doubt is the most studied aspect of the country’s History. The subject had attracted both national and international scholars and has been studied from different approach and perspectives. Nonetheless, much attention has not been given to the implication arising from the incorporation of Northern Nigeria into the global capitalist economy on Small Scale Societies. It is against this backdrop that the paper attempts a study on the socio-political implication on Bwazza Society after the creation of the Native Authority System. Using both primary and secondary sources the study finds, that Bwazza Chiefdom was reduced to a village and the people reduced to ‘minority’ as a result of creation of the Native Authority System in Numan Division
Colonialism and Diseases Control in Idoma Division, 1938-1960
No full textThe presence of the British colonialists in Idoma Division predates 1938. However, prior to and within the period of this study, the British colonialists began to take giant steps in the enactment of health policies that would create the enabling environment for the realization of their colonial interests, such policies include: the Sleeping Sickness Ordinance of 1936, the establishment of Native Administration Dispensaries Policy and Instructions, the creation of Western Districts Leper Segregation Area, Oglewu District, 1951, Eggede Leper segregation area, 1949, The Public Health Ordinance of 1950, Vaccination Ordinance, chapter 53 of 1945 and the Native Administration Dispensaries Policy and Instructions, 1939-56 among others. Despite the health policies enacted by the British colonialists, much or virtually nothing had been written on the aspects of health in Idoma Division, which is a major historical lacuna. Available literatures tend to concentrate on the socio-economic, political and cultural lives of the people, hence, this study is poised towards bridging this historical lacuna in the study of the history of the people of the Division and also to deepen our understanding on colonial health policies in the division. In order to reconstruct this vital aspect of the people’s history, the paper employs historical methodology in the process. This includes the collection and the interpretation of primary data from the archives as well as conduct of oral interviews and the collection of secondary sources
Moral Education: A Panacea for National Integration and Insecurity Challenges in Nigeria
No full textThis paper analytically explores the interconnections within moral education and national integration and social order in Nigeria. The paper holds the viewpoint that national integration and social orderliness requires moral education. In lieu of this, Teacher education programs must help teaching students to link the moral purpose that influences them with the tools that will prepare them to engage in productive change. The paper argues for new rationale why moral education and teacher development are fundamental to national integration, insecurity challenges and the future of Nigeria society. Finally, the paper posits that insecurity challenges can be dealt with provided moral education links initial teacher preparation and continuous teacher development based on national integration, social responsibility, moral purpose and attitudinal change with the corresponding restructuring of societal needs and their relationships. The paper recommends elimination of justice discriminatory practice everywhere especially on women, less privileged and minorities in order to create harmony of co-existence and cooperation amongst Nigeria
Declining Relations and Emerging Partners: A Historical Analysis of Re- Direction of Kano Trade from Jeddah to Dubai and China, 1970- 2012
No full textThis paper is on the long standing trade relations between Kano and Saudi Arabia. This long relation spanned several centuries and the relation transcends pilgrimage to trade and diplomatic intercourse. Research have shown that trade was and is still part and parcel of annual pilgrimage from West Africa to Saudi Arabia. Due to its commercial importance, in precolonial and post colonial period, Kano occupies center stage on pilgrimage operations in Northern Nigeria. Pilgrimage is inseparable from trade and in Kano; from this relation emerged the phenomenon of Kano to Jeddah in the 1970s, which is a trade relation between the Hausaland and the Arabs of Saudi Arabia. However, in contemporary parlance of trade diplomacy, lack of bilateral trade agreement between Nigeria and Saudi Arabia made the trade conducted through unofficial means. Although the trade relations spanned for decades at least since the independence of Nigeria, by mid 1990s however, the relationship between Nigeria and the Western world forced the then military regime to introduce new economic policies that pushed Kano to Jeddah traders to re-irecttheir trade activities elsewhere, specifically to Dubai and China. Thus, the decline of the hitherto trade relations began between Kano merchants to Jeddah and the emergence of new partners in Dubai and Asia. The new trade relationship has its own positive impacts on Kano merchants but research have shown that its negative impacts outweigh the positive ones