Aloma: Revista de Psicologia, Ciències de l'Educació i de l'Esport
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Techno-progressives versus bio-conservatives
Get PDFThe aim of this article is to present the intellectual debate between techno-progressive and bio-conservative thinkers. The examination of the clash between these two schools of thought will take the form of an examination of their respective arguments and will go on to explore the possibility of a middle way between the two positions. The final section of the article consists of a critique of transhumanism from the perspective of the ethical principle of equity
Connectivisme: mirada i tendència de futur en els centres presencials / Connectivism: the current state and future trends in classroom learning
No full textResum. Mitjançant la base reflexiva sobre el connectivisme, en l’article es fa l’abordatge del paradigma socioconstructivista i les seves derivades vers el procés d’aprenentatge i els canvis de models necessaris. Es proposen les figures dels b-docents i els b-aprenents en relació directa amb el model b-learning (o blended learning), com també la definició de les competències i perfil que cadascun d’aquests agents o partícips educatius hauria de tenir: nous rols canviants i elevada participació en el procés respectivament. Finalment es recull la mirada sobre les estructures necessàries en els centres educatius presencials, com també el no menys determinant canvi en el web. Es conclou amb un eix de compromís i participació per part dels implicats en el procés d’aprenentatge que hauria de facilitar el procés de transformació.Summary. This article uses a reflection of connectivism as the starting point of its approach to the socio-constructivist paradigm and related theories on the learning process and on the changes in educational models that are needed. The article suggests a model of blended (b) learning viewed in terms of b-teachers and b-learners. It also sets out definitions of the competencies and profiles that should be required of the various players involved in education, examining new and evolving roles and the need for a greater degree of participation in the process. Finally, there is a discussion of views both of the structures required of classroom-based educational institutions and of the equally critical changes that must be made online. The article concludes with the suggestion of a framework for commitment and participation on the part of those involved in the learning process, with the aim of providing a tool to foster the transformation process
Efecto terapéutico del afecto positivo
Get PDFLa capacidad para regular las emociones de manera eficaz facilita la adaptación de las personas al ámbito social y es uno de los elementos fundamentales para entender cómo las personas más resilientes son capaces de afrontar las situaciones adversas y salir reforzadas. El análisis de estas variables permitiría comprender mejor la relación que la literatura científica establece entre el estado afectivo positivo y una mejor salud física y mental. Uno de los aspectos más relevantes en esta relación son las habilidades para reconocer y expresar las emociones, que permiten su fácil integración en programas de prevención y rehabilitación. Además, estas habilidades podrían potenciarse en el contexto clínico a través de la mejora en la interacción emocional entre el personal sanitario y los pacientes, con un enfoque prioritario hacia la regulación de las emociones positivas
The Portrait Values Questionnaire: A Bibliographic and Bibliometric Review of the Instrument
Get PDFThis paper contains a bibliographic and a bibliometric review of the Portrait Values Questionnaire, the instrument proposed by Schwartz to assess human values. Schwartz’s theory of human values is one of the most popular of its kind in the social sciences. As the framework of the PVQ, we shall briefly present the theory, followed by the different instruments developed by Schwartz to assess human values. Finally, we have performed a detailed review to analyse how the PVQ has been used in the scholarly literature. A total of 58 articles were reviewed to obtain a picture of how the scientific community uses this instrument and to explore the variables most commonly related to human values. Several conclusions are briefly discussed
Validation of the Online Political Engagement Scale in a British population survey
Get PDFOver the last decade, there has been an ever increasing number of citizens using online media to participate in and engage with politics. Social media sites and online blogs have enabled new opportunities for interactive and user-centered political experiences. Currently, there is a general scarcity of psychometrically validated and standardized instruments that assess politically-related constructs in the field of political sciences. The main aim of the present study was to develop a standardized psychometric tool to assess online political engagement among the general population that is valid and reliable. The present study examined the psychometric properties of a 7-item Online Political Engagement Scale (OPEnS) that assesses various online political actions people engage with during election campaigns. To develop the scale, data from the 2010 British Election Survey were used, and a total of 3,075 people participated in an online survey, post-election. The main findings obtained in the present study supported the undimensionality of the online political engagement construct given the results obtained from confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The OPEnS appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing this phenomenon, and may be useful in studies investigating newer patterns of online political engagement and disengagement
Students as digital leaders in the classroom
Get PDFEn els darrers anys, l’ús intensiu de les tecnologies a l’escola, ha provocat que el professor de vegades es senti desbordat quan ha d’atendre la gestió de l’aula i no tan sols els aspectes d’ensenyament i aprenentatge cu-rriculars sinó també altres, pels que sovint no està preparat, com són els relacionats amb la competència digital i la resolució de les incidències tècniques que es produeixen amb qualsevol dels dispositius de l’aula. És per això, que a l’escola Jesuïtes Bellvitge s’ha decidit separar els aspectes pedagògics i didàctics dels tècnics per tal de con-centrar els esforços en la finalitat última del procés d’ensenyament i aprenentatge. El lideratge pedagògic de la classe el porta el professor però és un grup d’alumnes «ICT experts» el que a cada classe porta el lideratge tecno-lògic i fan de suport al professor de l’aula i als seus companys. En aquest article es pretén descriure i avaluar l’experiència dels ICT experts de l’escola Jesuïtes Bellvitge segons els seus protagonistes arribant a la conclusió que aquesta experiència, ha fet que l’ús de les TIC a l’aula es pugui estendre homogèniament en els diferents cursos amb independència de la competència digital docent del professor.Over the past few years, the growing use of technology in the classroom has left many teachers feeling overwhelmed by the new imperatives of classroom management. Contemporary educators are faced with the need to devote attention not only to teaching and curricular matters, but also to other areas for which they are often not as well trained, including issues of digital competence and the tasks of resolving technical problems that sometimes arise with electronic devices in the classroom. This drove the school Jesuïtes Bellvitge to draw a distinction between pedagogical and educational aspects on the one hand and technical tasks on the other. The aim is to make pos-sible a greater focus of efforts on the ultimate goals of the teaching and learning process. The teacher acts as the classroom leader when it comes to educational matters, but in every class there is a group of students who play the role of «ICT experts», both taking charge of technical issues in the classroom and offering support to the teacher and their classmates. The objective of this article is to collect data from the participants in this ICT experts pro-gramme at Jesuïtes Bellvitge and to describe and assess the experience. The article concludes that this programme has allowed for a broader use of ICT resources in the school, with classes of different grade levels now able to in-corporate them regardless of individual teachers’ digital competence
Character strengths in Spanish music students: An exploratory study / Fortaleses de caràcter en els estudiants de música espanyols: un estudi exploratori
No full textSummary. The factors in the choice of musical instruments and how it influences and modifies the personality of the musicians are a common theme in research. However, less attention has been given to the formative effect of music on the character of music students, whose long-term commitment to acquiring professional competences as performers, teachers, conductors or composers can be examined using the research on Positive Psychology, which is mainly concerned with furthering people’s psychological wellbeing. This paper profiles the virtues and character strengths of a sample of eighty Spanish students completing bachelor’s degrees in music during the academic year 2016-2017, using the VIA Inventory of Strengths –free version (VIA-IS) (Peterson & Seligman, 2004) to analyse the respondents’ key strengths. The survey showed high scores in judgment and lower scores in self-regulation. The results were contrasted with samples of students in bachelor’s degrees in the social sciences.Resum. Els factors que contribueixen a l’elecció dels instruments musicals i la seva influència i modificació en la personalitat dels músics són un tema comú en la recerca. Tanmateix, s’ha posat menys atenció a en aspectes com l’efecte formatiu de la música en el caràcter dels estudiants de música; el compromís d’aquestes persones amb l’adquisició de competències professionals a llarg termina com a intèrprets, professors, directors o compositors pot ser examinat aplicant la Psicologia Positiva, que s’ocupa principalment del benestar psicològic de les persones. Aquest article estudia les virtuts i les fortaleses del caràcter d’una mostra de vuitanta estudiants espanyols cursant el grau en música durant el curs 2016-2017 amb el VIA Inventory of Strengths – versió lliure (VIA-IS; Peterson & Seligman, 2004) per analitzar les fortaleses clau dels enquestats. Els resultats van mostrar puntuacions altes en judici i menors en auto-regulació. Els resultats es contrasten amb mostres d’estudiants de grau en ciències socials
Negative attitudes towards borderline personality disorder patients in Spanish mental health and primary care services: mHealth, a possible solution? /Actituds negatives envers pacients amb trastorn límit de la personalitat als serveis de salut mental i d’assistència primària espanyols: mHealth, una possible solució?
No full textThe purpose of this project was to study negative attitudes exhibited by mental health professionals toward patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) as a function of their work area (general health vs. mental health), profession, the quantity of patients with BPD they have treated over the past year, their number of years of experience in mental health, and their gender. The study used a sample of 310 professionals. We also explored how the professionals’ interest in using an innovative technological application (Medtep DBT) interacted with some of these variables, as well as the potential of the application to help change negative attitudes. Significant differences in attitude were found based on work area, profession, quantity of patients with BPD treated over the past and gender. Furthermore, profession, number of patients and years of experience in mental health determined significant differences in the professionals’ degree of interest in using Medtep DBT. Moreover, those with higher negative attitudes showed less interest in the application and a lesser willingness to try it. These results highlight the need to keep investigating how to improve the attitudes of healthcare professionals, especially nursing staff and family doctors, since they appear to be more susceptible to the development of negative attitudes. As a conclusion, we infer that the lack of empathy towards patients with BPD, the difficulties in their treatment and the years of experience in mental health all act as barriers to the implementation of the application. Summary. The purpose of this project was to study negative attitudes exhibited by mental health professionals toward patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) as a function of their work area (general health vs. mental health), profession, the quantity of patients with BPD they have treated over the past year, their number of years of experience in mental health, and their gender. The study used a sample of 310 professionals. We also explored how the professionals’ interest in using an innovative technological application (Medtep DBT) interacted with some of these variables, as well as the potential of the application to help change negative attitudes. Significant differences in attitude were found based on work area, profession, quantity of patients with BPD treated over the past and gender. Furthermore, profession, number of patients and years of experience in mental health determined significant differences in the professionals’ degree of interest in using Medtep DBT. Moreover, those with higher negative attitudes showed less interest in the application and a lesser willingness to try it. These results highlight the need to keep investigating how to improve the attitudes of healthcare professionals, especially nursing staff and family doctors, since they appear to be more susceptible to the development of negative attitudes. As a conclusion, we infer that the lack of empathy towards patients with BPD, the difficulties in their treatment and the years of experience in mental health all act as barriers to the implementation of the application. Resum. L’objectiu d’aquest estudi ha estat investigar les actituds negatives de professionals de la salut mental envers pacients amb Trastorn Límit de la Personalitat (TLP) en funció de la seva àrea de treball, la seva professió, pacients amb TLP tractats al darrer any, anys d’experiència en salut mental i sexe en una mostra de 310 professionals. A més a més s’han explorat, en base a part d’aquestes mateixes variables, el seu interès a usar una aplicació tecnològica innovadora (Medtep DBT) per al tractament d’aquests pacients així com la possibilitat que aquesta servís per a reduir les possibles actituds negatives. S’han trobat diferències significatives en les actituds en funció de l’àrea de treball, la professió, el nombre de pacients amb TLP tractats el darrer any i el sexe. La professió, el nombre de pacients i els anys d’experiència en salut mental també han determinat diferències significatives quant a l’interès a usar Medtep DBT. Aquells professionals amb majors actituds negatives han mostrat un menor interès i una menor disposició a utilitzar l’aplicació. Aquests resultats demostren la necessitat de seguir investigant com millorar les actituds d’aquests professionals, especialment dels d’infermeria i dels metges de capçalera, en ser els més vulnerables a desenvolupar-les. Com a conclusió es poden assenyalar la falta d’empatia envers pacients amb TLP, les dificultats en el seu tractament i els anys d’experiència en salut mental com a barreres en la implementació de l’aplicació.
Fear of Missing Out, online social networking and mobile phone addiction: A latent profile approach
Get PDFBackground and aims: Fear of missing out (FoMO) is described as a pervasive unpleasant sensation that others might be having rewarding experiences of which one is not part, as well as the desire to stay continually connected with what others are doing. It has shown to play an important mediating role in predicting negative outcomes of heavy use of these networks. The aim of the present study was to analyze the different profiles found among users. Methods: 5,280 Spanish speaking social media users from Latin America replied in an online survey to the Spanish version of the FoMO scale, to a short set of questionnaires on online social network use (frequency, intensity and type of access) and indicators of mobile phone addiction. Results: FoMO correlated with the number of different networks used and with all indicators of social network use and mobile phone addiction. Using a Latent Profile Analysis, four classes of users were identified: low-engagement light users, high-engagement heavy users, high-engagement low-risk users, and high-engagement high-risk users; individuals from the fourth class can be considered at risk for developing addiction to online social networks (7.6 % of the sample). Discussion: Accessing the social networks via the mobile phone and presenting addictive behavior seem to be important correlates of FoMO.
Interpersonal perception of LinkedIn profiles and employability / Percepció interpersonal de perfils a LinkedIn i ocupabilitat
No full textThis paper presents two pilot studies related to the self-presentation of users of the professional social network LinkedIn. The first one looks at the most relevant categories users and observers employ when they assess LinkedIn profiles. The results show that professional and non-professional observers rely on similar aspects of the observable characteristics of these profiles to draw conclusions and form their assessment of a given candidate\u27s employability. However, job selection professionals (recruiters) are more suspicious of profiles than non-professionals. The study concludes that candidates are highly aware of how they have to present themselves in a LinkedIn profile in order to attract the attention of selection professionals. The second pilot study asked whether certain gender roles, namely instrumentality (traditional masculinity) and expressiveness (traditional femininity), were predictors of the perceived employability of candidates, in addition to their competencies, personality and gender. The variable competencies turned out to be the strongest predictor of perceived employability, followed by expressiveness. These results are discussed in relation to changes in gender roles in society overall and in the labour world specifically.Summary. This paper presents two pilot studies related to the self-presentation of users of the professional social network LinkedIn. The first one looks at the most relevant categories users and observers employ when they assess LinkedIn profiles. The results show that professional and non-professional observers rely on similar aspects of the observable characteristics of these profiles to draw conclusions and form their assessment of a given candidate\u27s employability. However, job selection professionals (recruiters) are more suspicious of profiles than non-professionals. The study concludes that candidates are highly aware of how they have to present themselves in a LinkedIn profile in order to attract the attention of selection professionals. The second pilot study asked whether certain gender roles, namely instrumentality (traditional masculinity) and expressiveness (traditional femininity), were predictors of the perceived employability of candidates, in addition to their competencies, personality and gender. The variable competencies turned out to be the strongest predictor of perceived employability, followed by expressiveness. These results are discussed in relation to changes in gender roles in society overall and in the labour world specifically.Resum.Aquest treball presenta dos estudis pilot en relació a la autopresentació d\u27usuaris de la xarxa social professional LinkedIn. En el primer s\u27estudia quines són les categories mes rellevants a l\u27hora de valorar un perfil de LinkedIn, tant per als usuaris com per a observadors. Els resultats mostren que els observadors professionals i no professionals es basen en aspectes similars pel que fa a característiques observables dels perfils per treure conclusions per a la seva valoració sobre l\u27ocupabilitat del candidat, però els professionals de la selecció desconfien més dels perfils que els no professionals. Es conclou que els candidats són força conscients sobre com s\u27han de presentar en un perfil de LinkedIn per atreure l\u27atenció de professionals de la selecció. El segon estudi pilot es va fer per comprovar si els rols de gènere, en tant instrumentalitat (la tradicional masculinitat) i expressivitat (la tradicional feminitat) eren predictors de l\u27ocupabilitat percebuda dels candidats, juntament amb les competències, personalitat i sexe. La variable competències es va perfilar com el predictor més fort de l\u27ocupabilitat percebuda, seguit per l\u27expressivitat. Es discuteixen aquests resultats en relació als canvis en els rols de gènere en la societat i en el món laboral específicament