Journal of Law and Sustainable Development
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BETWEEN STRENGTHENING THE PENAL SYSTEM OR ACTIVATING THE PREVENTIVE SYSTEM IN ALGERIAN LEGISLATION
No full textObjectives: The penal system in most criminal legislations plays a significant and prominent role in combating the phenomenon of recidivism, especially since the primary function of punishment is to achieve both general and specific deterrence. This explains the Algerian legislator’s choice of the most severe penalties.
Methods: In its amendment of the Penal Code under Law 22/06, Algeria adopted a penal policy aimed at combating felonies, misdemeanors, and infractions of varying severity while implementing individualized sentencing that considers the gravity of both the previous crime and the crime committed after the final judgment.
Results: The implementation of individualized sentencing, along with the severity of penalties, plays a crucial role in addressing recidivism. However, the role of the preventive system in reducing recidivism cannot be overlooked.
Conclusion: Reducing recidivism is achieved through the application of penal treatment methods, the adoption of alternative penalties, and the activation of post-sentence care, which will be addressed in this research paper
EDUCACIÓN FINANCIERA EN LOS SECTORES ECONÓMICOS DE LAS MICRO Y PEQUEÑAS EMPRESAS DE NAYARIT
No full textObjetivo: Evaluar a través de un diagnóstico, la educación financiera en los micro y pequeños empresarios, para identificar y analizar el conocimiento, actitudes y prácticas hacia el adecuado manejo de recursos financieros.
Marco Teórico: En el presente estudio se explica la importancia que tiene la inclusión financiera, el capital humano y la educación financiera, para la toma de decisiones en las micro y pequeñas empresas.
Método: Esta investigación es de tipo descriptiva, explicativa y cualitativa, y se utilizó un instrumento de medición tipo encuesta de escala Likert, dirigido a los propietarios, gerentes o directores de las Mypes, donde la muestra fue de 928 negocios.
Resultados y Discusión: La información obtenida reveló que los propietarios de las micro y pequenas empresas, que tienen un mayor conocimiento sobre la gestión financiera, tienden a administrar mejor sus recursos, toman mejores decisiones y a su vez protegen su patrimonio.
Implicaciones de la Investigación: Los resultados subraya la importancia de la educación financiera, dando un panorama clave para el crecimiento y sostenibilidad de las mipymes de Nayarit, y la creación de capacitación y políticas públicas para mejorar el desempeño de los empresarios.
Originalidad/Valor: La originalidad de este estudio se encuentra en el enfoque a la educación financeira en los micro y pequeños empresários en el estado de Nayarit, haciendo una aportación en la economía local coadyuvado a que los propietarios de dichas unidades económicas tengan conocimientos y habilidades básicas que coadyuven a la adecuada toma de decisiones, optimicen sus recursos y protejan su patrimonio
PERFORMANCE OUTCOMES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES: A BIBLIOMETRIC PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
No full textPurpose: This study aims to explore the global research landscape on the performance outcomes of environmental management in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). SMEs play a critical role in global economies but also contribute significantly to environmental degradation. Understanding how environmental management practices influence their performance outcomes is essential for both theory development and policy formulation.
Methodology: A bibliometric performance analysis was conducted, covering 107 peer-reviewed publications retrieved from EBSCOhost and Google Scholar. The analysis focused on publication trends, journal productivity, author productivity, geographic distribution, citation impact, and keyword analysis. Data were extracted using SciSpace, cleaned and analyzed in Excel, and visualized to highlight key performance indicators.
Results: The results reveal a significant increase in research output after 2016, reflecting growing attention to SME sustainability. A small number of journals (e.g., Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management and Journal of Cleaner Production) account for the majority of publications and citations. A small group of prolific authors also shape the field, with European and Chinese authors dominating. Financial performance outcomes emerge as the most frequently studied, with social and innovation-related outcomes receiving limited attention.
Conclusions: The study highlights thematic and regional concentration in research on SME environmental management performance outcomes. It identifies gaps in terms of geographic diversity and conceptual breadth—particularly the need for more research in developing economies and expanded performance metrics beyond financial results. The study serves as a foundation for future systematic literature reviews and encourages greater interdisciplinary engagement to enrich the field
FROM FAULT TO RISK: FEATURES OF LEGISLATIVE DEVELOPMENT IN ALGERIA REGARDING THE BASIS OF LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM CLINICAL STUDIES
No full textObjective: This study aims to highlight the new approach adopted by the Algerian legislator in Law No. 18/11 related to health, which consists in the adoption of one of the objective foundations in the field of establishing civil liability for damages that may result from clinical studies. These foundations have, in any case, become one of the essential requirements as a result of the trends aimed at protecting the weaker party in legal relations in general.
Theoretical Framework: The study is based on the Health Law as the legal framework governing clinical studies, whether the Algerian Health Law or the French Health Law. It highlights the legal framework within which clinical studies must be conducted and the rules that govern them, in addition to shedding light on the development that has occurred in the foundations of liability for the harmful consequences of these studies.
Methodology: The study adopts the descriptive and analytical approach by examining the relevant legal texts and analyzing their content, in addition to the comparative approach imposed by the nature of the study, considering that its goal is to reveal the adequacy and effectiveness of Algerian legal texts in the field of establishing civil liability. Naturally, this can only be achieved by comparing them with the legislation of other countries, with French law serving as the model for comparison.
Findings and Discussion: This study contributes to highlighting the new orientation adopted by the Algerian legislator in the Health Law, through which, for the first time, a new system of civil liability was established based on risk rather than fault. Through this, it deviated from the classical rules of accountability applied in the field of medical liability, considering that clinical studies are an integral part of medical activity.
Research Implications: The results show the precise framework adopted by the Algerian legislator in organizing clinical studies in Law No. 18/11, through which it sought to address many of the omissions that previously prevailed and which often constituted a source of criticism and reproach including the system of non-fault liability that must be applied in the event that any harm is caused to individuals participating in such studies.
Originality and Value: This study highlighted the significant importance of the approach adopted in Health Law No. 18/11, which affirmed the need to activate protection mechanisms for persons subjected to medical and scientific experiments not only by opening the door to accountability, but also by establishing an objective basis for liability, away from the classical concept of fault that has receded in the face of new foundations imposed by developments in various areas of life
RELACIONES COMUNITARIAS Y COMUNICACIÓN EN EL MERCADO MUNICIPAL DE ZITÁCUARO, MICHOACÁN
No full textObjetivo: El objetivo es analizar el sentido de la relación entre comunicación y cultura en el ámbito urbano, específicamente en el escenario de la economía de los mercados tradicionales, con el propósito de valorar la densidad de los intercambios simbólicos ante la racionalidad de la economía mercantil.
Marco teórico: La investigación se enmarca en la tradición de los estudios socioculturales en Comunicación, destacando las aportaciones de la Sociología de la Cultura y la perspectiva del Consumo Cultural.
Método: La investigación se rige por el método etnográfico, por medio de observación directa participante en el mercado municipal de Zitácuaro, Michoacán, entrevistas abiertas a diversos agentes relacionados con la actividad comercial en la localidad, e investigación documental.
Resultados y discusión: Argumentamos que la experiencia de la vida urbana, y su sentido racional y simbólico en el escenario del mercado municipal, significa en varios ámbitos de la vida cotidiana: el trabajo, la familia, las relaciones sociales y las prácticas comunicativas.
Implicaciones de la investigación: El reconocimiento de la continuidad y el cambio en la dinámica cultural del mercado municipal debiera influir en las decisiones de políticas públicas en la valoración como patrimonio y escenario vital en la economía local y regional.
Originalidad: Esta investigación contribuye a la investigación sobre consumos culturales y prácticas comunicativas en espacios de actividad social, cultural y económica amenazados o desplazados por la reconfiguración de patrones económicos ante fenómenos como la gentrificación y el comercio a distancia
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ADMINISTRATIVE CONTRACTS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND THE REALIZATION OF THE GREEN ECONOMY
No full textObjective: To protect the environment, and through a legal analysis of environmental legislation, we find provisions requiring the state to enter into contracts aimed at environmental protection within the framework of the green economy. This economy represents a pathway toward achieving sustainable development.
Theoretical Framework: The state often refrains from undertaking tasks unilaterally and instead seeks to conclude administrative contracts—such as development contracts, environmental performance contracts, environmental efficiency contracts, licensing contracts, study contracts, service contracts, urban development contracts, or concession agreements—with entities that act on its behalf. These entities are granted the state’s authority and privileges within legally defined limits. Examples include waste management concessions, public sanitation service concessions, the combination of concessions and contracts in coastal exploitation, and the linkage between concessions and environmental impact assessments in the water sector.
Methodology: We use a descriptive approach that requires describing the studied phenomenon, which is the effectiveness of administrative contracts in achieving sustainable development and the green economy. We also utilized analysis as a tool of scientific research and analyzed texts related to the environment.
Results and Discussion: The research results will shed light on the effectiveness of administrative contracts in achieving sustainable development and the green economy, and delve into the laws related to environmental protection.
Research Implications: The research results play a significant role in providing environmental protection in light of technological advancement and achieving a green economy.
Originality/Value: The research offers a new contribution to the existing body of knowledge, particularly in the field of the relationship between the environment and the green economy within the framework of administrative contracts
GESTIÓN ORGANIZACIONAL SOSTENIBLE EN COLOMBIA: ANÁLISIS DE POLÍTICAS ECONÓMICAS Y SU IMPACTO EN LA SOSTENIBILIDAD CORPORATIVA
No full textObjetivo: Este estudio analiza la gestión organizacional sostenible en Colombia, enfocándose en cómo las políticas económicas influyen en las prácticas de sostenibilidad corporativa. El objetivo es evaluar el impacto de las políticas económicas en la adopción de prácticas sostenibles.
Marco Teórico: Se presentan los principales conceptos y teorías que sustentan la investigación, destacando la falta de integración efectiva de criterios ambientales, sociales y de gobernanza (ESG) en las empresas colombianas.
Método: La metodología incluye un análisis cuantitativo de correlación entre las políticas económicas y los indicadores ESG de las empresas. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante cuestionarios y análisis de datos secundarios.
Resultados y Discusión: Los resultados muestran una relación positiva entre políticas económicas favorables y la mejora en los indicadores ESG. En la discusión, se contextualizan estos resultados a la luz del marco teórico, destacando las implicaciones y relaciones identificadas, así como las posibles discrepancias y limitaciones del estudio.
Implicaciones de la Investigación: Se discuten las implicaciones prácticas y teóricas, proporcionando información sobre cómo los resultados pueden aplicarse en las prácticas corporativas en Colombia. Las implicaciones abarcan áreas como la implementación de incentivos fiscales, regulaciones ambientales estrictas y apoyo a la innovación sostenible.
Originalidad/Valor: Este estudio contribuye a la literatura al ofrecer perspectivas sobre las mejores prácticas y los desafíos específicos que enfrentan las empresas en Colombia. La relevancia de esta investigación se evidencia en cómo los resultados pueden impactar el área de sostenibilidad corporativa y la colaboración entre el sector público y privado
INDEPENDENT REGULATORY AUTHORITIES: THE ALGERIAN EXPERIENCE
No full textObjective: This study examines the impact of legislative reforms in Algeria on the establishment of independent regulatory authorities. It explores how Algeria adopted this concept in response to the transition from an interventionist state to a regulatory state.
Theoretical Framework: The research is based on the broader theoretical discourse on regulatory governance and the shift from state interventionism to market regulation. It considers the role of independent administrative authorities in managing economic transitions and maintaining regulatory oversight.
Method: The study analyzes the evolution of independent administrative authorities in Algeria since their introduction in 1990. It examines legislative and institutional developments, assessing how these authorities function within the broader economic and regulatory framework.
Results and Discussion: Findings indicate that while independent administrative authorities were initially introduced to support regulatory governance, their evolution has led to a shift towards alternative models. This transition reflects a partial return to the traditional system of economic management rather than a full realization of regulatory independence.
Research Implications: The study highlights the complexities of implementing independent regulatory authorities in transitional economies. It underscores the need for a clearer regulatory framework and institutional support to ensure these bodies function effectively within a market-oriented system.
Originality/Value: This research contributes to the understanding of regulatory transformations in Algeria. It provides insights into the challenges of adapting independent administrative authorities within a changing economic landscape and offers a critical perspective on the evolving nature of regulatory governance in the country
THE REGULATIONS OF THE PROFESSIONAL SECRET OF THE AUDITOR
No full textObjective: This study aims to analyze the legal and governance-related rules concerning the tasks performed by the statutory auditor in verifying the accuracy of the information submitted to shareholders' meetings and company documents, which must ensure the protection of the company’s interests and confidentiality.
Theoretical Framework: The study is linked to the laws governing companies and those regulating the profession of statutory auditors. It focuses on the controls related to the auditor’s professional practice within the company and his role in safeguarding its secrets.
Method: The study adopts a descriptive and analytical approach to the legal rules that govern the statutory auditor’s duties, particularly his obligations to inform and notify the company’s bodies and the public prosecutor, while upholding professional confidentiality.
Results and Discussion: This work contributes to the establishment of governance rules that ensure transparency in information disclosure and strengthen the role of the statutory auditor as a supervisory body within the company.
Research Implications: The results indicate that the effectiveness and seriousness of the statutory auditor’s oversight in the company are closely linked to his neutrality, independence, and commitment to professional secrecy, as well as to the sanctions resulting from any breach thereof.
Originality/Value: The study concludes by emphasizing the balance between the powers granted to the statutory auditor and the rules that define his civil, criminal, and disciplinary liability, which makes him an effective technical and supervisory body
THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW IN PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE MARKET ORIENTATION: EVIDENCE FROM THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
No full textObjectives: The effects of the UN Decade under the recently approved Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were investigated, and a set of policy measures for a "second decade" in line with these objectives was proposed and future possible scenarios were described in terms of social, environmental, and economic aspects of sustainable development in higher education institutions. This study aims to explore the role of International Environmental Law (IEL) in promoting Sustainable Market Orientation (SMO), particularly in the United Arab Emirates region. SMO integrates three crucial sustainability attributes: social, environmental, and economic, which are key considerations in the modern international markets. This study explores the application of sustainable development theory and alternative international market paradigms to the new approach known as SMO within the higher education market. Currently, there is a lack of systematic effort to establish a valid measure of SMO. It seeks to identify mechanisms through which IEL can promote SMO in the UAE higher education markets.
Theoretical Framework: The study is based on IEL principles set forth by the United Nations, which highlight the incorporation of economic, social, and environmental aspects. The core of this framework lies in recognizing that SMO and international legal modernization play key roles in harmonizing sustainable development objectives while safeguarding natural resources. Moreover, the framework is informed by environmental governance theories, and reforms in the international higher education markets.
Method: Both primary and secondary data were utilized in the research. Secondary data involved analyzing Scopus and Web of Science databases to review published research. Primary data was acquired through an online survey and saved onto Google Drive, a file management platform. This approach facilitates straightforward online data collection and easy access to the gathered responses. Data were obtained from students, faculty members, managers, assistants, and administrative supervisors at the globally recognized Abu Dhabi University. A descriptive-analytical approach was utilized to assess the existing international environmental legal frameworks, and trends in SMO practices in the United Arab Emirates, which is moving towards internationalizing higher education.
Results and Discussion: The findings indicate that SMO distinguishes itself from traditional marketing orientation (MO) by specifically encompassing MO (cultural and behavioral perspectives), essential SO (society-oriented), organizational innovation, and co-creation value orientations. SMO integrates three crucial sustainability attributes: economic, social, and environmental, which are key alternatives in the modern international markets. Scale development and validation offer strong empirical support that SMO is closely linked with commitment to International Environmental Law (IEL). The research findings suggest that these initiatives lead to mutually advantageous outcomes by enhancing environmental performance. The effectiveness of IEL relies on robust enforcement measures and collaborative efforts among nations to address shortcomings in Sustainable Market Orientation (SMO) and incentivize HEIs to adopt eco-friendly practices.
Research Implications: This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how IEL can achieve SMO within higher education markets. Furthermore, it sheds light on addressing intricate sustainable development issues in the Middle East and Asia region. Achieving a balance between economic, social, and environmental orientations may require intentional policy development and implementation for SMO. Policymakers and legal experts can utilize this study to establish a framework for harmonizing national higher education strategies with global sustainability objectives, fostering enduring resilience in response to environmental challenges. It is crucial to highlight in future studies that upholding the International Law for Sustainable Development (ILSD) and endorsing the Declarations on Sustainability in Higher Education (SHE) are pivotal in advancing sustainability endeavors and garnering global acclaim within higher education establishments. This trajectory is projected to gain momentum in the years ahead.
Originality/Value: The study offers a novel integration of international environmental legal reform, SMO, and sustainable development within the specific socio-political and environmental context of the Middle East and Asia region. This study provides a multidimensional perspective that is essential for effective and inclusive sustainable development policymaking. The current study differs from prior studies in several aspects. Firstly, it was conducted within a new framework of SMO within the realm of IEL literature. Secondly, it examined the progression of international market principles towards SMO, encompassing various strategies in international trade (economic, social, and environmental). Finally, this study focused on the Emirati higher education market, an area where research on SMO and IEL is lacking thus far