Journal of Law and Sustainable Development
Not a member yet
1558 research outputs found
Sort by
THE IMPACT OF THE BEST INTERESTS OF THE CHILD STANDARD ON RESOLVING LEGAL CUSTODY DISPUTES
No full textObjective: The study aims to highlight the modern approach to resolving the conflict of laws in custody matters, focusing on the use of the best interests of the child standard as a connecting factor to determine the applicable law in disputes with a foreign element related to the child's right to custody.
Theoretical Framework: The study first addresses the concept of the best interests of the child in custody cases, clarifying its international and national legal foundations, particularly within Algerian legislation and the legal texts governing custody in the Family Code, as well as Law No. 15-12. It then explores doctrinal, legislative, and judicial solutions to the conflict of laws in matters related to the child's custody rights, and emphasizes the role of the best interests of the child standard in determining the applicable law.
Methodology: The study adopts a descriptive and analytical approach to examine and analyze the relevant national and international legal texts. It also employs a comparative method to highlight how different legal systems approach the applicable law in international custody disputes and the extent to which they rely on the best interests of the child as a basis for such determination. This is particularly relevant given the diversity of legal classifications of custody and the resulting differences in determining the competent law.
Findings and Discussion: The study concludes that using the best interests of the child as a connecting factor ensures a protective form of justice that prioritizes the child’s welfare over rigid traditional standards such as nationality, domicile, or habitual residence when determining the applicable law in custody matters.
Research Implications: By shedding light on the role of the best interests of the child in determining the competent law in international custody disputes, the study paves the way for further research on applying this standard to other areas of child rights such as parentage, guardianship, and adoption. Additionally, the adoption of this principle by national courts can contribute to the development of judicial approaches in resolving international family disputes, especially those involving children's personal rights.
Originality and Value: This study establishes a connection between the best interests of the child and the applicable law in custody matters, calling for a reconsideration of rigid traditional conflict-of-law rules. It proposes a flexible alternative based on the best interests of the child, which involves selecting the law that best serves the child’s welfare in each specific case. This approach enhances the effective protection of children in the context of complex international family disputes
DE CATI A OTT: INSTITUCIONALIZACIÓN DE LA TRANSFERENCIA TECNOLÓGICA EN UNA UNIVERSIDAD SALVADOREÑA COMO ESTRATEGIA DE INNOVACIÓN Y SOSTENIBILIDAD
No full textObjetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es investigar el proceso de transición institucional de un Centro de Apoyo a la Tecnología e innovación (CATI) hacia una Oficina de Transferencia de Tecnología (OTT) en una universidad Salvadoreña, con el objetivo de analizar como dicha transformación fortalece la gestión de la propiedad intelectual y la innovación académica en contextos de economías emergentes.
Marco Teórico: El estudio se fundamenta en marcos conceptuales vinculados a la económica del conocimiento, la teoría de la triple hélice de Etzkowitz & Leydesdorff (2000; 2020), y los modelos de gestión de la propiedad intelectual promovidos por la OMPI y la OCDE.
Método: La investigación adoptó un enfoque cualitativo de estudio de caso, común un diseño exploratorio y descriptivo. Se analizaron documentos institucionales y datos secundarios de organismos especializados internacionales como nacionales.
Resultados y Discusión: Los resultados revelaron un avance significativo en la institucionalización de la propiedad intelectual en la universidad, evidenciado por el desarrollo de normativas internas, actividades de capacitación, vinculación con facultades, y un aumento notable en los registros de propiedad intelectual.
Implicaciones de la investigación: El estudio tiene implicaciones teóricas y prácticas para el fortalecimiento de la transferencia tecnológica en educación superior. Con capacidad de replicarse en otras instituciones de educación superior, oficinas gubernamentales de innovación y organismos multilaterales.
Originalidad/Valor: Se muestra un abordaje innovador en documentar un proceso de transición institucional poco abordado en la región centroamericana. Su valor radica en ofrecer evidencia sobre la experiencia de una universidad de un país en desarrollo puede consolidar estructuras de propiedad intelectual sostenibles, impactando en la academia, sector productivo y sociedad, alienados con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible
TAXATION SYSTEM IN KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VALUE ADDED TAX: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
No full textTheoretical framework: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has acknowledged the limitations of relying exclusively on oil reserves as the predominant revenue stream, as this approach hinders the country's ability to attain sustained economic expansion owing to the unpredictable nature and fluctuations of global oil market prices.
Objective: The acceptability of the taxation system on consumer products and services in Saudi Arabia has increased as a result of the simplicity of the Value Added Tax (VAT) system. Despite the limited number of studies conducted on Value Added Tax (VAT) inside the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), this particular study represents one of the pioneering efforts to identify and analyze its impact, taking into account the recent law revisions. Consequently, this study possesses contemporaneity and pertinence in terms of offering novel perspectives to governing bodies regarding the value-added tax (VAT) framework, its reception, and the ramifications of income, declining purchasing power, governmental strategic decision-making, and the execution of diverse tax structure modifications.
Method: A total of 519 replies were obtained through the implementation of a judgment or purposive sample methodology. To accomplish Convergent and Discriminant Validity, evaluate model fitness, and carry out Structure Equation Modelling (SEM), Smart PLS 3 is used. The researcher used SPSS (specifically version 25) to implement appropriate statistical procedures and processes in service of the study's principal aims.
Implication: Moreover, the results indicate that the implementation of Value Added Tax (VAT) has an impact on individuals' income, leading to a decrease in their purchasing power. Additionally, it influences the government's approach to VAT and tax reforms in relation to the Saudi population.
Result and Conclusion: The adoption of VAT in Saudi Arabia is significantly influenced by income as a mediating factor. The function of purchasing power in mediating the implementation of Value Added Tax (VAT) in Saudi Arabia is of considerable importance.
Originality: The burden of value-added tax (VAT) is frequently transferred to the end consumer through price increases implemented by producers and distributors. The implementation of the Value Added Tax (VAT) system allows the government to generate income through a less visible means
IDENTIFICATION OF TOXOCARA SPP. IN STOOL SAMPLES OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN IN NIMBOKRANG DISTRICT, JAYAPURA REGENCY, PAPUA
No full textBackground: Toxocariasis is a parasitic disease caused by Toxocara spp. Two species of Toxocara are highly significant in the medical field: Toxocara canis, found in dogs, and Toxocara cati, found in cats. The occurrence of toxocariasis in humans is linked to its occurrence in pets. Morphological identification of eggs and larvae through microscopy is the most commonly used method but has limitations in diagnostic accuracy. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method is a molecular approach developed for identifying Toxocara spp. This study aimed to identify Toxocara spp. in stool samples from children using the PCR method.
Methods: The study was conducted from January to November 2024 in Nimbokrang District, Jayapura Regency, Papua. A total of 327 stool samples from elementary school-aged children were collected and analyzed for Toxocara spp. using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primers for Toxocara cati and Toxocara canis. PCR products were analyzed using gel electrophoresis with a 100 bp DNA ladder marker and visualized using a gel documentation system.
Results: Identification of Toxocara spp. using multiplex PCR was successfully performed on 327 stool samples from elementary school-aged children. The prevalence of toxocariasis was 14.7% (48/327), with Toxocara canis found in 12.8% (42/327) and Toxocara cati in 1.8% (6/327).
Conclusion: Toxocara spp. were successfully identified in stool samples from elementary school-aged children using the PCR method. This method is expected to aid in helminthiasis surveillance efforts within the community
REGULAMENTAÇÃO DAS REDES SOCIAIS VERSUS CRIMES CIBERNÉTICOS
No full textObjetivo: Investigar o papel da regulamentação das redes sociais no enfrentamento dos crimes cibernéticos, analisando o impacto das políticas existentes e explorando as lacunas que ainda precisam ser preenchidas. A pesquisa busca compreender como as regulamentações podem evoluir para garantir um equilíbrio entre segurança, liberdade de expressão e inovação tecnológica, contribuindo para um ambiente digital mais seguro e responsável.
Referencial Teórico: Baseia-se em uma revisão bibliográfica que inclui artigos científicos, legislações e relatórios técnicos. A análise aborda temas como moderação de conteúdo, responsabilidade dos intermediários, cidadania digital, e cooperação internacional. Destacam-se documentos fundamentais, como o trabalho de Gillespie (2018) sobre moderação de conteúdo e o estudo de Kowalski et al. (2014) sobre cyberbullying.
Método: O método adotado é qualitativo, combinando revisão bibliográfica, análise documental e estudos de caso. A revisão bibliográfica foi realizada com base em artigos científicos publicados a partir de 2003, utilizando a base de dados Scopus. A análise documental incluiu legislações como o Digital Services Act (DSA) da União Europeia e o Network Enforcement Act (NetzDG) da Alemanha. Os estudos de caso focaram na aplicação dessas legislações e nos esforços de plataformas para cumprir requisitos de moderação de conteúdo.
Resultados e Discussão: Os resultados indicam que a regulamentação das redes sociais influencia significativamente a prevenção de crimes cibernéticos e a governança digital. A moderação de conteúdo, a responsabilidade dos intermediários e a educação para a cidadania digital são aspectos-chave. No entanto, há desafios, como a falta de alinhamento global nas regulamentações e a dependência de algoritmos para a moderação de conteúdo, que podem levar a inconsistências e preocupações éticas.
Implicações da Pesquisa: A pesquisa destaca a necessidade de uma abordagem equilibrada entre a segurança digital e a liberdade de expressão, sugerindo que a regulamentação deve evoluir para incluir medidas preventivas, como a educação digital e o desenvolvimento de tecnologias de defesa.
Originalidade/Valor: Este estudo contribui para a literatura ao oferecer uma análise integrada das regulamentações existentes e suas implicações práticas no combate aos crimes cibernéticos. A pesquisa propõe soluções inovadoras, como a integração de tecnologias avançadas e a promoção da cidadania digital, que podem servir como base para futuras políticas e regulamentações. Além disso, o estudo destaca a importância de uma abordagem global e colaborativa para a governança digital
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND GENDER EQUITY MAINSTREAMING IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CLIMATE CHANGE ACT [CCA] 2021
No full textObjective: The aim of this study is to examine Climate Change Regulations in Nigeria and ascertain the gender-responsiveness quotient. Similarly, to determine the extent to which Nigerian Climate Laws identify or accommodate; gender differences, needs, opportunities, experiences, and capacities of women congruent to climate impacts or climate goals implementation within a national context.
Theoretical Framework: The research relies on international legal instruments like the SDGs framework, UNFCCC, CEDAW, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement and the Nigerian Climate Change Act to provide a basis to boost the efficacy of climate action and associated responses via gender-responsive regulations.
Method: This paper adopts the qualitative research approach, including doctrinal/black letter methodology. Primary sources include: The Nigerian Climate Change Act, the UNFCCC, and international legal instruments advocating sustainable development. Likewise, case-studies, and legal opinions of international jurists were analysed to contextualize the research and substantiate findings.
Results and Discussion: The analysis exposes considerable gaps in Nigeria’s climate regulations as the climate laws appear gender-blind whereas climate impacts are not gender-neutral. Further perusal of recent Nigerian population indicates 235,477,925-million. Of this number, women account for 110.70-million, an estimated 49.5% of the country’s population. This constitutes a substantial percentile or cluster upon which the Act imposes consequential obligations. In as much as the demographics indicate that women form the crux of actors, collaborators, drivers, or victims in relation to climate change or responsive actions, gender-equity has not been prioritized within the national climate regulations. The paper having identified significant gender-mainstreaming deficits of the Climate Act, proposed feasible reforms. These include, highlighting gender differences in relation to the needs, opportunities, experiences, and capacities of Nigerian women as relating to climate change impacts and mitigative responses. The research advocated for equitable access and participation of women in climate related fora, including better delineation of influential and targeted responsibilities for women to optimise climate and environmental protection in Nigeria.
Research Implications: The research findings reiterate the need for more robust and gender-responsive climate framework to accommodate the needs, and experiences of Nigerian women. The regulations should likewise apportion gender equitable responsibilities for women whose networks easily accommodate bottom-up strategic actions that can be optimised for climate adaptations and mitigations.
Originality/Value: This work makes an original contribution by identifying the extent to which the climate regulatory framework in a national context can expand its utility as not just a climate protection tool, but an instrument with enhanced gender-sensitivity quotient to accelerate goal synergies between climate action, women empowerment and gender equity
RIGHT AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE IN INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MK RANJITSINH AND ORS. V. UNION OF INDIA
No full textObjective: This study aims to explore the evolving jurisprudence on the right against climate change in India, focusing on M.K. Ranjitsinh & Ors. v. Union of India. The case exemplifies a unique environment vs. environment conflict, where measures taken for climate change mitigation, such as renewable energy expansion, pose a direct threat to biodiversity conservation, particularly the critically endangered Great Indian Bustard (GIB). The research further examines India’s global commitments to biodiversity protection and climate action while analyzing the role of municipal courts and the executive in balancing these competing concerns.
Theoretical Framework: This study is based on the principles of sustainable development, the precautionary principle, and international environmental law, analyzing the conflict between biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation. It examines India’s obligations under the UNFCCC and CBD, and the role of legal frameworks in resolving environmental conflicts.
Method: A doctrinal research approach is adopted, analyzing the Supreme Court’s judgment, relevant international conventions, domestic legislation such as the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, and scholarly works on biodiversity and climate law.
Results and Discussion: The study finds that measures aimed at climate change mitigation can sometimes endanger biodiversity, as seen in the GIB case, where renewable energy infrastructure threatens critical ecosystems. It highlights the legal conflict between climate and biodiversity treaties and examines the judiciary's role in resolving inter-treaty contradictions.
Research Implications: The findings stress the urgent need for an eco-centric legal approach that does not compromise biodiversity for climate change mitigation. It calls for the harmonization of India’s environmental laws to ensure that biodiversity protection is integrated into climate action strategies.
Originality/Value: This research provides a comprehensive legal analysis of the biodiversity-climate conflict, offering new insights into judicial reasoning on the subject. It contributes to the growing discourse on climate justice and biodiversity governance, highlighting how India’s Supreme Court is shaping environmental jurisprudence in a way that could influence future legal and policy frameworks in South Asia
EXPLOITING GEOTHERMAL WATER ENERGY IS A MODEL OF RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES TO PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - THE CASE OF THE AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX IN TOUGGOURT IN THE OUADRIG REGION OF SOUTHERN ALGERIA
No full text
Objective: This study aims to investigate the geothermal energy model of hot water in the Ouedregh region of southern Algeria as an example of clean energy and the extent to which it can be exploited in agriculture to achieve sustainable development in the Touggourt region.
Theoretical Framework: This topic introduces the concept of this energy and previous studies by highlighting it within a field study that relied on geothermal energy in the agricultural complex of the Touggourt region, which utilizes this energy to grow its products.
Method: As a case study, the exploitation of geothermal energy in the construction and management of an agricultural industrial complex for vegetable production was examined. A field study of a project in Wadi Righ - Touggourt - utilized geothermal energy by extracting hot water from deep underground to produce an early, high-value agricultural product sustainably.
Results and Discussion: This technology has proven to be cost-effective, as the energy from artesian wells is essentially free, providing optimal environmental conditions for greenhouse vegetable production. The technology involves planting cuttings outside the soil in stands, using substrates like walnut fibers or palm fiber, which is a modern approach recommended for achieving sustainable development in the Wadi Righ region.
Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the findings can be applied or impact practices in the agricultural and energy fields. These implications could include economic and industrial ones.
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by highlighting a new research paradigm, through the use and exploitation of geothermal energy, a significant resource in the region that contributes to the region's economic, social, and industrial development. The importance and value of this research are demonstrated through the field study of the application of geothermal energy in agriculture, the extent to which it can be utilized to produce clean products, and the extent to which it can be utilized to achieve sustainable development in the region
LAS REDES SOCIALES COMO ESTRATEGIAS DE COMUNICACIÓN EXTERNA UTILIZADAS EN UNA EMPRESA RADIOFÓNICA DURANTE EL CONFINAMIENTO
No full textObjetivo: Identificar las estrategias de comunicación externa utilizadas por una empresa radiofónica durante el confinamiento por COVID 19, a través de un análisis visual que conlleve a fortalecer su modelo de comunicación mediante el manejo de las redes sociales
Marco Teórico: La comunicación en las empresas radiofónicas “ha sufrido diversos cambios en los últimos lustros provocados principalmente por la irrupción generalizada de la tecnología digital” (Ferrer, 2018). Dichos cambios han afectado el sistema de producción, los oyentes han emigrado a otras plataformas para comunicarse, lo que obliga a las emisoras a modificar la creación y presentación de contenidos en sus programas para la audiencia (Ferrer, 2018), el papel que juegan las redes es de suma relevancia, plantean nuevas formas estratégicas de comunicación
Método: Se abordó desde la perspectiva cualitativa, valiéndose del monitoreo de la red social Facebook de una empresa radiofónica, permitió a través del análisis de contenido identificar las estrategias de comunicación externa utilizadas durante el confinamiento, la temporalidad fue del 4 al 18 de julio de 2020
Resultados y discusión: Se identificaron las estrategias de comunicación externa utilizadas durante el confinamiento, se determinó cómo era su modelo de comunicación antes de la pandemia y cómo a través de las redes sociales tuvo que implementar un modelo que le permitiera mantenerse activa, informando y generando contenidos para su audiencia aún sin la presencia física de su personal.
Implicaciones de la investigación: Tiene una implicación social al presentar el modelo de trabajo de la radiodifusora, generando una adaptación para transmitir información de manera efectiva
Originalidad/Valor: ES una investigación original que ofrece la importancia de la radio y su incursión a las TIC en la generación de contenidos para su audiencia
IS THERE ANY PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION IN THE CORE TAX ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM?
No full textObjective: This study examines the adequacy of personal data protection within Indonesia’s Core Tax Administration System (CTAS), focusing on compliance with the national Personal Data Protection Law and alignment with international standards.
Theoretical Framework: The research is grounded in legal and regulatory analysis, referencing Indonesia’s Personal Data Protection Law (UU PDP) and international frameworks such as the EU’s GDPR and Canada’s PIPEDA, to evaluate the protection of taxpayer data in digital tax administration systems
Method: A qualitative approach is utilized, involving literature review, document analysis of relevant laws and policies, and comparative analysis with data protection practices in other jurisdictions. The study synthesizes findings from academic sources, legal documents, and international case studies
Results and Discussion: The findings reveal significant gaps in the implementation of personal data protection in CTAS. Despite the enactment of the PDP Law, Indonesia lacks specific regulations and enforcement mechanisms tailored to the tax sector, leaving sensitive taxpayer data vulnerable to unauthorized access, misuse, and breaches. Comparative analysis highlights that international best practices require clear guidelines, robust security protocols (such as encryption and access controls), regular audits, and a culture of transparency and accountability. The absence of a dedicated data protection authority and insufficient employee training further exacerbate risks
Research Implications: The study underscores the urgent need for Indonesia to strengthen its legal and operational framework for data protection in tax administration. Recommendations include developing sector-specific regulations, enhancing technological safeguards, instituting regular audits, and fostering public awareness to ensure taxpayer trust and system integrity
Originality/Value: This research provides a comprehensive, context-specific analysis of personal data protection challenges in Indonesia’s CTAS, offering actionable recommendations informed by international standards and highlighting the critical importance of privacy in digital tax system