Journal of Law and Sustainable Development
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Aplicação do Silêncio Administrativo Negativo pelo Tribunal Fiscal Peruano: Violação da Protecção Judicial Efectiva e da Segurança Jurídica?
Full text linkObjective: The general objective was to determine whether the application of a negative administrative silence in cases of a decision of the highest Peruvian administrative court on tax litigation within the legal period violated effective judicial protection and the principle of legal security.
Method: The type of research was correlational, cross-sectional and non-experimental in design. The measuring instrument was a questionnaire of 24 dated questions applied to relevant legal operators, such as specialized judges and specialists in constitutional and administrative law.
Results: The hypothesized proposal was verified with the results obtained and a proposal for legislative modification was outlined so as not to continue to affect the constitutional rights of two Peruvian citizens in any area that might arise.
Conclusion: It is concluded that in the absence of application of the negative administrative silence due to the omission of a pronouncement by the Tax Court, no legal period violates effective jurisdictional protection and legal security, for which reason article 157 of the Single Ordered Text of the Peruvian Tax Code must be altered to regulate the application of the negative administrative silence due to omission of a pronouncement by the Tax Court.Objectivo: O objectivo geral era determinar se a não aplicação de um silêncio administrativo negativo em casos de não decisão do mais alto tribunal administrativo peruano sobre litígios fiscais dentro do prazo legal violava a protecção judicial efectiva e o princípio da segurança jurídica. Método: O tipo de investigação foi correlacional, transversal e de concepção não experimental. O instrumento de medição foi um questionário de 24 perguntas fechadas aplicadas a operadores jurídicos relevantes, tais como juízes especializados e especialistas em direito constitucional e administrativo. Resultados: A hipótese proposta foi verificada com os resultados obtidos e foi delineada uma proposta de modificação legislativa a fim de não continuar a afectar os direitos constitucionais dos cidadãos peruanos em qualquer área que possa surgir. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que a falta de aplicação do silêncio administrativo negativo devido à omissão de pronúncia do Tribunal Fiscal no prazo legal viola a protecção jurisdicional efectiva e a segurança jurídica, razão pela qual o artigo 157° do Texto Único Ordenado del Código Tributário Peruano deve ser alterado para regular a aplicação do silêncio administrativo negativo devido à omissão de pronúncia do Tribunal Fiscal
Vazio Jurídico na Criminalização do Tráfico de Pessoas
Full text linkObjective: The objective of the study was to analyze the legal gap in the criminalization of human trafficking in a district of Metropolitan Lima.
Method: The research paradigm conducted was the interpretative and qualitative approach oriented towards understanding the context which is oriented towards the objectives of knowledge to describe and interpret legal truth from within. The research design was phenomenological and was based mainly on the following premises: it tries to explain and understand the phenomena from the angle of each participant and the mentality built collectively. The sample consisted of two judges, two prosecutors and six lawyers, the technique was the interview and the instrument was the interview guide.
Results: The investigation concluded that there is a legal vacuum in the criminalization of human trafficking in a district of Lima, Peru is a very informal country, and having a situation of informality reduces the risk of committing the crime because there is no control.
Conclusion: The strong presence of this crime is the high social tolerance, which is manifested in many cases of sexual exploitation, both of minors and adults, especially women. Furthermore, articles 153 and 153-A of the penal code are important and demonstrate the application of the rule directly related to rape and trafficking in human beings. Likewise, Laws N°30251 and N°28950 are fundamental to support victims of human trafficking.Objectivo: O objectivo do estudo era analisar a lacuna legal na criminalização do tráfico de pessoas num distrito de Lima Metropolitana. Método: O paradigma da investigação conduzida foi a abordagem interpretativa e qualitativa orientada para a compreensão do contexto que está orientada para os objectivos do conhecimento para descrever e interpretar a verdade jurídica a partir do interior. A concepção da investigação foi fenomenológica e baseou-se principalmente nas seguintes premissas: tenta dar uma explicação e apreender os fenómenos do ângulo de cada participante e da mentalidade construída colectivamente. A amostra era composta por dois juízes, dois procuradores e seis advogados, a técnica era a entrevista e o instrumento era o guião da entrevista. Resultados: A investigação concluiu que existe um vazio legal na criminalização do tráfico de pessoas num distrito de Lima, o Peru é um país demasiado informal, e ter uma situação de informalidade reduz o risco de cometer o crime porque não há controlo. Conclusão: A forte presença deste crime é a elevada tolerância social, que se manifesta em muitos casos de exploração sexual, tanto de menores como de adultos, especialmente mulheres. Além disso, os artigos 153 e 153-A do código penal são importantes e demonstram a aplicação da norma directamente relacionada com a violação e o tráfico de seres humanos. Do mesmo modo, as leis N°30251 e N°28950 são fundamentais para apoiar as vítimas do tráfico de seres humanos
Innovative Financial Economic Stimulation Tools For ESG-Transformation of a Company: opportunities for application and specifics of regulation
Full text linkObjective: The search for ways to transition to a business model of sustainable development is a cutting-edge trend in the global economy. This movement has its own national features concerning the application and regulation of ESG principles. World practice has already revealed a clear relationship between the application of sustainable development principles and the growth of company profitability and its long-term prospects.
Method: The study relies on systemic and complex approaches in combination with a set of general and special scientific methods.
Results: The paper considers all possible solutions as a source of financial resources, including green bonds, lending with regard to the borrower's compliance with ESG principles, and green crowdfunding. Particular attention is paid to the process of developing and regulating the taxonomy of projects and financial instruments.
Conclusions: Popularization of the benefits of the concept of sustainable development among all market participants will eventually yield the result of improved business competitiveness
Considerações Breves Sobre os Fundamentos da Proposta de Regulamento Inteligência Artificial da Comissão Europeia
No full textObjetivo del estudio: poner a disposición de los parlamentarios mexicanos, y asimismo de los demás parlamentarios iberoamericanos, una síntesis informativa, crítica y contextualizada del procedimiento legislativo en marcha en la UE - Unión Europea con respecto a la regulación de la IA – Inteligencia Artificial, también de utilidad para los investigadores.
Metodología: fue seguido fundamentalmente el método histórico-jurídico, pero con aperturas hacia los métodos comparativo y hermenéutico.
Relevancia: expone como es viable pasar de un enfoque basado en principios hacia un enfoque basado en reglas, incluso en un campo tan nuevo y desafiante como la IA.
Resultados principales: expone las ventajas, y las debilidades, de un procedimiento descendiente en lo que concierne una tecnología del mayor riesgo, para la propia Humanidad, como la IA.
Contribuciones metodológicas: destaca como la UE mantuvo Valores constitucionales la Dignidad Humana, los Derechos Fundamentales y el Estado de Derecho por encima de cualquier criterio económico primario al legislar sobre IA, poniéndose como punto de referencia mundial.
Contribuciones sociales: intenta proporcional a los parlamentarios mexicanos, y asimismo de los demás parlamentarios iberoamericanos, referencias comparativas consistentes cuando están a punto de enfrentar los retos de la regulación de la IA.Objetivo del estudio: poner a disposición de los parlamentarios mexicanos, y asimismo de los demás parlamentarios iberoamericanos, una síntesis informativa, crítica y contextualizada del procedimiento legislativo en marcha en la UE - Unión Europea con respecto a la regulación de la IA – Inteligencia Artificial, también de utilidad para los investigadores.
Metodología: fue seguido fundamentalmente el método histórico-jurídico, pero con aperturas hacia los métodos comparativo y hermenéutico.
Relevancia: expone como es viable pasar de un enfoque basado en principios hacia un enfoque basado en reglas, incluso en un campo tan nuevo y desafiante como la IA.
Resultados principales: expone las ventajas, y las debilidades, de un procedimiento descendiente en lo que concierne una tecnología del mayor riesgo, para la propia Humanidad, como la IA.
Contribuciones metodológicas: destaca como la UE mantuvo Valores constitucionales la Dignidad Humana, los Derechos Fundamentales y el Estado de Derecho por encima de cualquier criterio económico primario al legislar sobre IA, poniéndose como punto de referencia mundial.
Contribuciones sociales: intenta proporcional a los parlamentarios mexicanos, y asimismo de los demás parlamentarios iberoamericanos, referencias comparativas consistentes cuando están a punto de enfrentar los retos de la regulación de la IA.Objetivo do estudo: colocar à disposição dos parlamentares mexicanos, assim como dos demais parlamentares ibero-americanos, uma síntese informativa, crítica e contextualizada do procedimento legislativo em curso na EU – União Europeia relativamente à regulação da IA – Inteligência Artificial, também com utilidade para os pesquisadores.
Metodologia: foi seguindo fundamentalmente o método histórico-jurídico, mas com aberturas aos métodos comparativo e hermenêutico.
Relevância: explica como é viável passar de uma perspectiva assente em princípios para uma assente em regras, inclusivamente em um campo tão novo e desafiantes como a IA.
Principais resultados: expõe as vantagens, e as fraquezas, de uma abordagem de cima para baixo no que respeita a uma tecnologia de alto risco, para a própria Humanidade, como a IA.
Contribuições metodológicas: mostra como a UE manteve Valores constitucionais Dignidade Humana, os Direitos Fundamentais e o Estado de Direito acima de qualquer critério econômico primários ao legislar sobre IA, se colocando como ponto de referência mundial
Contribuições sociais: procura proporcionar aos parlamentares mexicanos, , assim como dos demais parlamentares ibero-americanos, referências comparativas consistentes quando estão em vias de enfrentar os desafios da regulação da IA
Law Enforcement and Social Security of Public Events: Organizational and Legal Solutions
Full text linkBackground: Article analyzes various national and international aspects of the state of the system of legal support of public order and social security related to mass events.
Objective: to develop organizational and legal solutions aimed at creating an effective approach to solving issues of law enforcement and social security during the preparation and holding of mass public events.
Methods: dialectical method was chosen as the main research method.
Results: The article highlights the administrative-legal and organizational-tactical measures used by the internal affairs bodies and the resource enforcement of the law and social security during the preparation and holding of public events of various kinds. The authors highlight the legal and organizational bases for law enforcement and social security during the preparation and holding of public events in foreign countries.
Conclusions: New approaches to ensuring social security have been proposed for both internal affairs units and sanitary and epidemiological services in connection with the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic
The Challenges of Sustainable Development in Nigeria Amidst the Global Pandemic (COVID-19)
Full text linkBackground: Sustainable Development is that which meets the needs of the present without undermining the ability of future generations to fulfill their own needs. Unfortunately, the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targets set by the United Nations to be achieved by 2030 have been affected to a large extent by the current COVID-19 Pandemic. The Coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic has so far infected more than 270 million people and killed over 5.3 million. Aside from the direct impact on people's lives and health, the Pandemic's most considerable impact has been by far on Education, the Economy, and Social infrastructures, especially in developing countries.
Objective: The work reviews of literature and SDG Reports on the impact of the Pandemics on the Goals relating to the Economy (SDG 1, 2, and 8), Education (SDG 4), and health (SDG 3) in the Nigerian context, using some of the critical indicators of these Goals.
Methods: We explore data from the SDG interactive platform to compare the trend and changes in these indicators before and after the Pandemic's start to determine the pandemics' effect on these Goals. In addition, we discussed the global efforts toward vaccine access to bring an end to the current Pandemic.
Conclusions: The review suggested that the Pandemic has significantly impacted all indicators targeted in this work. It also suggests some possible solutions, using exemplary sustainable developments that still impact ordinary citizens' economies and livelihoods. Further recommends deploying online teaching-learning methods and other stakeholders' investments in the health and education sectors
Methodological Model for the Research Function in the Professional Training of Lawyers
Full text linkIntroduction: The training given at the School of Law, is characterized: the research function is almost not present in the teaching-learning process, a high percentage of teachers are not trained in the management of research skills; there are certain signs of work in active methodologies, a high percentage of graduates graduate through the Special Degree Program, the current curriculum does not train professionals in research skills and abilities, a high percentage of students perceive their teachers with a regular academic performance and many of them have no knowledge of the professional profile of the graduate.
Objective: To design a methodological model to develop research skills in the professional training of lawyers.
Methodology: It consisted of data collection through: classroom observation, application of surveys to students and teachers. The data collected were subjected to a process of selection, analysis, critique and codification.
Result: Design of a methodological model based on Tobón's competency-based approach and the Tunning Project, the theory of critical-humanistic teaching and Jorge Witker's theory of active education.
Contribution: The proposed methodological model, will allow the strengthening of scientific competencies in the training process at the Law School and would constitute one of the most significant changes in legal education and would allow a wide incidence in the university sphere
Procedural Activity and Satisfaction of Users who are Victims of Domestic Violence in the First Specialized Family Court
Full text linkObject of study: The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between procedural activity and the satisfaction of female clients who are victims of family violence in the First Specialized Family Court.
Methodology: A quantitative methodology was used, of a substantive type, at the correlation level. The level of the study was descriptive-correlational; the method was hypothetical-deductive, consisting of the observation of the problem, the formulation of the hypotheses, the design was non-experimental, since the variables were not actively manipulated, and it is also cross-sectional in nature.
Importance: This research will provide the legal basis of the procedural activities and satisfaction of users who were victims of family violence of the First Specialized Family Court and family violence where there are inequalities in the exercise of force among the participants of a circle of relatives.
Main results: The results show that 49% of the clients perceived an inadequate level, 35% a regular level and 16% an adequate level of procedural activity, while 43% perceived an inadequate level, 33% a regular level and 24% an adequate level of advice on the stages of the process. It concluded that there is a significant relationship between procedural activity and the satisfaction of the users who are victims of family violence in the first Specialized Family Court, since Spearman's Rho = 0.565 and ρ = 0.000 (ρ<0.05).
Theoretical contributions:To make known that procedural activity are all acts performed before a judicial authority to resolve a conflict between several parties applying the current Law No. 30364, 2015, everyone has the right to effective judicial protection for the exercise or defense of their rights or interests, subject to due process