Journal of Law and Sustainable Development
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A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MARKET SEGMENTATION USING MACHINE LEARNING
No full textObjective: The objective of this study is to compare behavioral customer segmentations for private-label products using machine-learning clustering algorithms.
Theoretical Framework: Retailers increasingly develop private labels to attract customers with competitive prices while maintaining quality standards comparable to traditional brands. To explore customer behavior in this context, two algorithms are applied: Simple K-Means (SKMA) and Expectation–Maximization Clustering (EMC).
Method: The research was conducted in four phases: analysis, design, construction, and validation and discussion. In the analysis phase, 1.073 customer loyalty surveys were examined. During the design phase, 23 questions were selected to build the experimental framework. In the construction phase, the clustering algorithms were implemented. Finally, the resulting segmentations were compared and evaluated.
Results and Discussion: The results show clear differences between the two algorithms. With four predefined clusters, SKMA assigns customers in proportions of 43%, 26%, 15%, and 15%, whereas EMC produces segments of 18%, 23%, 31%, and 29%.
Research Implications: These differences highlight important practical implications: SKMA and EMC generate distinct segmentations that may lead to different marketing strategies.
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by showing how machine-learning techniques can address the complexities of behavioral segmentation. Its relevance lies in offering marketing departments an effective and rapid approach to segment customers in today’s competitive markets
SUBSIDIARY INSTITUTIONS OF AN ECONOMIC NATURE IN ALGERIA: FROM CONCEPT TO REALITY BECHAR UNIVERSITY IS A MODEL
No full textObjectives: The study aims to explore the legal dimension of the concept of subsidiary institutions with an economic nature and the extent to which this is implemented within Algerian higher education and scientific research institutions. It also examines their ability to transform intellectual output into marketable products.
Theoretical Framework: A study on how to establish subsidiary institutions with an economic nature in general and the extent of its impact on the University of Béchar in particular.
Methods: The descriptive-analytical approach was utilized to study subsidiary institutions with an economic nature in general, and the case study method was employed to examine their affiliated subsidiaries in particular.
Results and Discussion: The research results indicate that the concept of subsidiary institutions with an economic nature aligns with the economic reforms experienced by Algerian institutions, particularly higher education and scientific research institutions. The legal form of these subsidiaries has been identified as either a limited liability company, a joint-stock company, or a simple partnership. This classification aims to provide a new impetus for subsidiary institutions and encourage innovation among creators.
Research Implication: - The need to enrich the concept of subsidiary institutions with an economic nature through a set of legislative and regulatory texts to provide greater clarity.
- The necessity for the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research to offer administrative and financial facilitation to generalize the concept of subsidiary institutions across all its affiliated institutions.
- Encouraging most professors and researchers at the University of Béchar to contribute to the establishment of subsidiary institutions to enhance and advance their role both locally and nationally.
Originality/Value: Despite the precedence of the legal framework for the concept of subsidiary institutions with an economic nature, their application is relatively recent, emerging only in the last few decades
LEGAL MECHANISMS FOR CONSUMER PROTECTION UNDER ALGERIAN E-COMMERCE LAW
No full textPurpose: This study aims to clarify the consumer's essential need for protection under Legal Perspective No. 18/05 and to reveal the extent of this protection throughout all stages of contracting.
Theoretical Framework: Despite the advantages offered by electronic marketing, the electronic environment is rife with risks that impact all elements of the relationship involving the consumer, who is considered the most critical and final link in the product cycle aimed at fulfilling its consumer purpose and meeting desires. Given the consumer's lack of information culture in the digital environment, the Algerian legislator, through Law No. 18/05, sought to protect the consumer during the stages of electronic contracting.
Methods: Highlighting the key provisions, rules, and articles introduced by the Algerian E-Commerce Law No. 18/05 through comprehensive analysis to emphasize the effectiveness of mechanisms for protecting the digital consumer.
Results and Discussion: The distinguishing feature of these transactions is that they take place in the virtual world, remotely, using the latest electronic communication tools. This exposes consumers to various types of fraud, deception, and violations, reflecting the darker side of electronic commercial transactions and making the consumer the primary victim. This prompted the Algerian legislator to adopt E-Commerce Law No. 05/18, dated May 10, 2018, by establishing legal mechanisms to protect the electronic consumer throughout the various stages of contractual operations.
Abstract: The revised legal framework represents a proactive step by the Algerian state to enhance the e-commerce sector by ensuring legal protection for consumers at all stages of contractual operations. Law No. 18-05 aims to demonstrate the extent to which the Algerian legislator has moved beyond traditional consumer protection frameworks, keeping pace with developments in commerce within the digital environment.
Originality/Value: The value of this research lies in the Algerian E-Commerce Law No. 18/05, which was issued to protect consumers in the digital environment
IMPACTO DE LAS CONTRIBUCIONES DE MEJORA EN EL DESARROLLO LOCAL
No full textIntroducción: La participación ciudadana es base para una gobernanza local, la cual integre a la ciudadania en la toma de decisiones, supervisión del recurso público y mejoras en los servicios municipales.
Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es identificar el papel que desempeña el conocimiento, participación, y percepción de impacto relacionadas con los ingresos denominados contribuciones de mejora, con la finalidad de evaluar el nivel de familiaridad, la disposición ciudadana a colaborar, y los beneficios percibidos en la financiación y supervisión de obras públicas en el Municipio de Tepic Nayarit, México.
Marco Teórico: En la presente investigación, se aborda la teoria de la participación ciudadana; seguido de las contribuciones de mejora, proporcionando uma base al contexto del estudio.
Método: La metodología adoptada para la presente investigación es de carácter descriptivo, de tipo no experimental, transversal, donde se recopilan los datos en un momento único, observando y analizando las variables en la muestra de estudio. La recolección de datos fue de 384 ciudadanos mediante una entrevista con 15 ítems compuesto por 3 dimensiones y en escala de Likert de 5 puntos, para despues utilizar las técnicas de análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, análisis de bondad de ajuste y el análisis de covarianzas de los residuos estandarizados.
Resultados y Discusión: La información fue recopilada, procesada e interpretada en SPPS y posteriormente en el software AMOS, resultadndo un modelo ajustado y una relación positiva entre las variables en estudio.
Implicaciones de la investigación: Los resultados obtenidos revelaron una adecuación muestral KMO=0,901, prueba de esfericidad de bartlett menor a ,001, así como se indentificó dos factores, explicando el 53,61% de la varianza con 9 ítems, además el análisis factorial confirmatorio mejoró los ajustes, validando el modelo.
Originalidad/Valor: Este estudio contribuye a un análisis en la gestión y participación ciudadana en los municípios, evidenciando la importancia del desarrollo económico de una región
THE ROLE OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN ACHIEVING SUSTAINABILITY: AN EVALUATION OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION STRATEGIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN ALGERIA
No full textObjectives: The primary aim is to evaluate how digital transformation can contribute to sustainable development within Algeria's higher education system, specifically through the implementation of a digitalization guideline.
Theoretical Framework: This study investigates the role of digital transformation in the higher education sector of Algeria and its relationship with sustainable development. It addresses the importance of integrating digital initiatives to foster sustainability in educational practices.
Method: The research involves a comprehensive analysis of Algeria's higher education experience in digitalization, focusing on the effectiveness of the Ministry of Higher Education's master plan for 2022-2024, which encompasses seven strategic axes, 16 programs, and 102 operational initiatives.
Results and Discussion: By September 2024, 43 digital platforms have been developed under this framework, indicating a notable push towards digitization in the sector. However, the study reveals significant shortcomings in the digitization process that hinder its effectiveness.
Research Implications: This study aims to provide and evaluate data and statistics related to the digital transformation strategy in the higher education sector in Algeria, especially the implementation of the digital master plan, which provides researchers in this field with reliable data to build their future research, evaluate the success of the strategies followed, and suggest future improvements.
Originality/Value: The scientific value of this study is to expand the knowledge base related to the reality of digital transformation in higher education in Algeria, because there are no previous studies that focus on the digital master plan within the framework of digital transformation in the higher education sector in Algeria. The results of this study can also be used to evaluate government policies related to digital transformation in higher education, and to propose the necessary amendments to develop them, with the aim of improving the quality of education and contributing to achieving sustainable development
METHODOLOGY FOR APPLYING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN JUSTICE AND THE FUTURE OF ROBOT JUDGES
No full textRelevance: The relevance of scientific research lies in the fact that the article explores the theoretical and legal issues of the possibilities and limitations of the use of artificial intelligence in the justice system, the future of robot judges who can replace a person (a professional judge), and also delineates the concepts of "digitalization of justice" and "the use of artificial intelligence technologies in justice." As part of the study, the concept of artificial intelligence, the basics of legal regulation of the use of artificial intelligence in various modern jurisdictions were analyzed, the vector of further development of the social relations under consideration was outlined.
Purpose: The purpose of the article is to study the concept, content, place and role of artificial intelligence in the national justice system, as well as to study the possibilities, prospects and possible dangers of using robotic judges in the judicial system, about the possible replacement of human judges with robotic judges in the future, and about making court decisions with artificial intelligence.
Methods: The leading method of researching the problem was the deductive method, which made it possible to study the legal and social nature of the processes of using artificial intelligence in justice. The article uses inductive method, method of system scientific analysis, comparative legal and historical methods. The leading method behind the problem is to justify the concept of carefully introducing robotic judges into the justice and judicial system.
Results: The author of the article indicates the advantages of the gradual introduction of artificial intelligence into the judicial system, promising areas of its use in the field of information and analytical, administrative activities of the courts, office work and consideration of cases on applications for court orders. Within the framework of this article, the author expressed some concerns about the introduction of strong artificial intelligence technologies with insufficiently developed technical and legal components. The shortcomings of the work of artificial intelligence within the Russian justice system were investigated, relevant projects aimed at using artificial intelligence technologies in the judicial system were considered. Doctrinal positions on the issues under study are presented
THE LEGAL AND REGULATORY SYSTEM FOR URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN ALGERIA AND THE PENALTY FOR VIOLATING IT
No full textObjective: This research aims to analyze and assess the legal and regulatory system for urban environmental management in Algeria and the penalty for violating it, with a particular focus on the various factors and challenges affecting the urban environment, and explore the mechanisms and tools of environmental management.
Theoretical Framework: The study encompasses various concepts and principles related to urban environmental management, legal frameworks, and governance. It provides a foundation for understanding the relationship between urban development, environmental issues, and the legal and regulatory mechanisms in Algeria.
Methodology: Descriptive and analytical approaches will be adopted. The descriptive approach focuses on the laws that address the issue, while the analytical one clarifies the role of relevant laws in defining the administrative management of cities. In this context, we will limit the scope of the study to highlighting the factors and tools of environmental management and highlighting the key issues affecting the urban environment, as well as examining the development of legal, protective and regulatory systems for urban environmental management in.
Results and Discussion: Despite the existence of an advanced legal system, shortcomings in its implementation have resulted in genuine obstacles to creating urban settlements or developing old ones. This situation is attributed to political, social, and economic factors, as well as weak oversight and lax enforcement of laws related to urban planning. Consequently, this has resulted in cities that fail to meet citizens' service needs, highlighting the urgent need to reassess the regulations governing the urban environment and the methods of their implementation.
Research Implications: Environmental studies of urban settlements (architecture and cities) and the legal system regulating them are of great importance, especially since the efforts of the Algerian state in this field are evident. However, the real issue often arises in the implementation of the law, leading to actual crises in the demographic growth of cities in relation to a clean and healthy urban environment. Therefore, this study aims to outline the legal and regulatory framework for managing the urban environment in Algeria, the penalties for violations, and to describe and evaluate it.
Originality/Value: The study of the urban environment from a legal and regulatory perspective is limited, which has prompted us to examine this topic to demonstrate the legal and regulatory framework for managing the urban environment in Algeria and the penalties for its violations. Consequently, this research is considered new in its field
THE IMPACT OF LEGAL TEXT QUALITY AND INNOVATION ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
No full textObjectives: This research aims to explore the role of environmental planning and legal reform in achieving sustainable development, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. It seeks to identify mechanisms through which domestic and regional efforts can reduce environmental degradation, modernize legal systems, and promote sustainable economic, social, and environmental outcomes.
Theoretical Framework: The study is grounded in the concept of sustainable development, as outlined by the United Nations, which emphasizes the integration of three dimensions: economic, social, and environmental. Central to this framework is the understanding that environmental planning and legal modernization are critical levers for balancing development goals with the protection of natural resources. Additionally, the framework draws on theories of environmental governance, digital justice, and institutional reform.
Method: A descriptive-analytical approach was employed to analyze current legal systems, regional development trends, and the implementation of environmental planning practices. This method involves examining national and international legal frameworks, identifying gaps, and proposing steps for the development of innovative legal rules that align with international agreements and sustainable development targets.
Results and Discussion: The findings indicate that: Legal systems in many MENA countries require updating to be compatible with global standards in investment and environmental regulation. There is a growing necessity to shift institutional behaviors toward green finance and sustainable practices. Strengthening governance structures, enhancing judicial transparency, and promoting digital justice are critical to creating an enabling environment for sustainable development. Environmental planning emerges as a key strategy for operationalizing the environmental goals of the UN’s sustainable development agenda, particularly through the implementation of measurable objectives and coordinated urban development policies.
Research Implications: This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how environmental planning and legal innovation can be strategically employed to address complex development challenges. It offers policymakers and legal experts a framework for aligning national strategies with global sustainability goals, promoting long-term resilience in the face of environmental pressures.
Originality/Value: The research offers a novel integration of legal reform, environmental planning, and sustainable development within the specific socio-political context of the MENA region. By linking legal modernization with green finance, digital justice, and governance reform, this study provides a multidimensional perspective that is essential for effective and inclusive sustainable development policymaking
AN EVALUATION ON PANTOMIME ART FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF VECIHI OFLUOĞLU: THE PAST, PRESENT AND TOMORROW OF PANTOMIME ART IN OUR COUNTRY
No full textObjectives: This study aims to evaluate the past, present, and prospective future of pantomime art in Turkey through the experiences and insights of Vecihi Ofluoğlu, founder of the Pantomime Art Branch at Istanbul University State Conservatory.
Theoretical Framework: Grounded in the history and evolution of pantomime as a universal, nonverbal performance art, the study draws on theoretical discussions concerning bodily communication, artistic expression, and the pedagogical significance of movement-based arts.
Method: This research adopts a qualitative descriptive approach, examining published interviews, historical documents, and the personal testimonies of Ofluoğlu. These sources are analyzed to understand the development of pantomime, its academic positioning, and its role in performer training.
Results and Discussion: Findings indicate that pantomime, despite its ancient origins and universal communicative potential, remains marginalized due to limited institutional support and misconceptions within actor training. Ofluoğlu’s contributions—including founding Turkey’s first contemporary pantomime troupe and integrating pantomime into university education—have played a central role in revitalizing the art. His emphasis on bodily awareness, creative individuality, and disciplined movement underscores pantomime’s value not only as a performance practice but also as a tool for personal expression and artistic development.
Research Implications: Expanding pantomime education could enhance communication skills, bodily awareness, and artistic versatility among students of performing arts.
Originality/Value: This study offers the first comprehensive evaluation of pantomime in Turkey based on Ofluoğlu’s experiences, highlighting its educational importance and providing a foundation for further academic and artistic engagement with the discipline
AN EXPLORATION OF THE VIEWS OF MANUFACTURING SMALL MEDIUM ENTERPRISE OWNERS WITH REGARDS TO GREEN TAX INCENTIVES IN THE ETHEKWINI REGION OF KWA ZULU – NATAL
No full textObjective: The objectives of the study were to explore the awareness of owners of small medium enterprises with regards to green tax incentives; to identify their attitudes towards such green tax incentives and the possible impact it would have on small medium manufacturing enterprises going green.
Method: This study was guided by quantitative research methodology with a descriptive survey design. A census sample was drawn through a list provided by the Durban Chamber of Commerce. A survey questionnaire was the primary data collection tool used. A total of 152 questionnaires were distributed and 104 were received, yielding a response rate of 68 %.
Results: The data showed that small medium enterprises were concerned about the environment and acknowledged that their business activities had a negative impact on the environment. The study also established that small medium enterprise owners were concerned with the impact that climate change would have on their business operations.
Conclusion: It was concluded that there was a need for the government to place greater emphasis on creating awareness of global warming and climate change. There was also a need to find more innovative ways of promoting eco-consciousness and green sustainable practices and the need to draft and identify new green taxation legislature, that caters for public and small medium enterprises