Journal of Law and Sustainable Development
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Farmers’ Technical Efficiency and their Adoption to New Variety of Sorghum: Evidence from East Java of Indonesia
Get PDFObjective: The study delves into the technical efficiency of sorghum cultivation and evaluates the effects of the adoption of the new superior variety on the efficiency of farmers.
Methods: The research employs a methodology that involves the use of stochastic frontier analysis and propensity score matching to examine cross-sectional data obtained from a sample of 150 farmers located in Lamongan Regency, East Java, Indonesia.
Results: The findings indicate that sorghum farmers exhibit suboptimal levels of technical efficiency. The adoption of the bioguma variety has a positive impact on the technical efficiency of farmers. Farmers who choose to implement bioguma demonstrate superior levels of efficiency in comparison to their counterparts who utilize alternative varieties.
Suggestions: The study suggests that policymakers should take steps to enhance access to high-quality seeds and encourage farmers to adopt improved varieties. This can be accomplished through measures such as targeted subsidies, favorable credit schemes, or collaborations with seed companies to ensure the availability and affordability of the bioguma variety
Implementation of Legal Guarantees for Human Rights Protection in Indonesia
Get PDFObjective: Ratifying Human Rights conventions are expected to strengthen the guarantee of Human Rights protection in Indonesia. Human Rights and Act Number 26 of 2000 concerning Human Rights Courts, Indonesia has shown increased involvement in participating as a party to various international agreements in the field of Human Rights. However, the dynamics of human rights law in Indonesia have not progressed since the 1988 reform marked by various existing human rights violations. This research refers to this tendency which slowly erodes the democratic quality of fundamental freedoms. Initially based on the principle of "freedom from fear," human rights have changed to "fear of freedom." So there needs to be continuity between law and politics toward human rights.
Methode: The research method used is a normative legal approach with qualitative analysis. The data obtained includes first-level legal, tributary, and third-level legal sources.
Result: The implementation of human rights law protection in Indonesia after the formation of Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights has experienced ups and downs, which cannot be separated from law enforcement caused by several factors. Human Rights require judicial independence and the rule of law. The problem of upholding human rights and the rule of law in Indonesia involves a degraded legal system and other systems that have significant influence, such as the political, economic, and social systems.
Suggestions: It is necessary to reexamine the Government's legal and political policies regarding upholding Human Rights in Indonesia, with a focus on studying the legal and political aspects of Human Rights to Act Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights
New E-government Strategies in Peruvian Universities
Get PDFPurpose: The purpose of the research was to analyze the management of e-government within universities over time, with a focus on its role in institutional modernization, transformation, and innovation
Theoretical framework: The research employed a theoretical and documentary methodology to examine e-government initiatives as central components of institutional change within universities.
Design/methodology/approach: The study followed a descriptive research approach, following the guidelines described in the PRISMA statement. A total of 40 documents were collected and comprehensively reviewed and analyzed using a traditional repeated word search method. R-Studio statistical software was used in conjunction with an online tool to identify the main ideas addressed in each paper.
Findings: The findings indicate that the implementation of e-government projects in universities involves challenges beyond technological transition. It was concluded that for institutional change and innovation to occur at the university level, all members of the university community must adopt a culture of quality, efficiency, effectiveness, user orientation, transparency, and accountability.
Research, Practical & Social implications: The research highlights the need for universities to address not only technological aspects, but also cultural and organizational factors when implementing e-government projects. By fostering a culture of quality and accountability, universities can facilitate institutional change and innovation, leading to better governance practices.
Originality/value: This research contributes to the understanding of e-government management in universities by employing a theoretical and documentary methodology. The study emphasizes the importance of considering e-government initiatives as central components of institutional modernization and transformation and provides insights into the challenges and implications associated with such projects
Exploring the Role of Leader Member Exchange on Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance: an Empirical Study in Indonesian MSMEs
Get PDFPurpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between leader member exchange (LMX) and job satisfaction, analyze the relationship between leader member exchange (LMX) and employee performance, analyze the relationship between job satisfaction and significant employee performance.
Method: This research uses quantitative research methods. Quantitative research methods are used because in this study, the relationship between the variables to be studied has a causal relationship, to examine certain populations and samples, and aims to test the established hypotheses. The measurement scale in this study uses a Likert scale of 1 to 5 with categories namely strongly disagree, disagree, disagree, agree and strongly agree. With data collection techniques using online questionnaires. The analysis technique uses SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) with SmartPLS 3.0 software tools. Respondents in this study were 678 MSMEs owners in Indonesia who were determined by simple random sampling.
Result: The results of this study indicate that the leader member exchange (LMX) has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. The leader member exchange (LMX) has a positive and significant impact on the performance of MSMEs employees. Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on the performance of MSMEs employees. Based on the results of the research and discussion it is concluded that LMX has an effect on job satisfaction. Furthermore, LMX has a significant positive effect on job satisfaction and job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on the performance of MSMEs employees.
Implication: MSMEs management can provide flexibility in completing tasks responsibly without feeling burdened, superiors must give confidence to subordinates that subordinates are able to complete their tasks so that subordinates will find their work very meaningful. As for maintaining employee performance from the application of empowerment by superiors, they must have trust in subordinates by giving freedom to subordinates to dare to make decisions quickly and precisely. The company builds a stronger corporate commitment so that employees feel more satisfied with their jobs. In maintaining employee performance by providing periodic training in dealing with future job demand
Application of Innovative Methods of Managing the Labor Potential in the Hotel and Restaurant Business Establishments
Get PDFPurpose: The purpose of the academic paper is to study the tendencies and practice of applying innovative methods of managing labor potential in the hotel and restaurant business in changing environmental conditions.
Theoretical framework: Considering labor shortages in the hospitality industry and the necessity to attract employees after the pandemic, the EU hospitality and restaurant businesses have been changing their methods of managing the labor workforce.
Design/methodology/approach: The research methodology is based on a systematic approach to studying trends and the practice of applying innovative methods of managing labor potential in the context of the external environment’s challenges. Based on the Eurostat panel data for 2020, linear regression models of the dependence between turnovers, employment, and labor productivity in the field of hospitality in EU countries were constructed. Secondary data from interviews with owners of the largest EU hotel chains were used to identify methods of managing labor potential after the pandemic.
Findings: The results demonstrate the existence of challenges toward the EU hotel and restaurant chains related to the labor shortage in the conditions of spreading the pandemic, the set of skills and low-skilled migrants. In order to solve the problems outlined, network managers hire and quickly train employees without work experience from various social categories (young people, students, specialists from other sectors, migrants, etc.). Moreover, hotels’ and restaurants’ managers offer employees housing, additional wages, social insurance, bonus payments in order to attract the workforce.
Research, Practical & Social implications: The research demonstrates a positive change in the employees’ working conditions in the hospitality industry in the EU states due to the problem of their shortage, which arose with spreading the pandemic and the labor force movement to other economy sectors.
Originality/value: The practical value of the research lies in the possibility of using the knowledge about the identified trends of managing labor potential in the EU hospitality industry by small and micro enterprises of the industry
Not Nature Exposure but Awe Promotes Cooperation in Social Dilemmas
Get PDFPurpose of the study: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the experience of awe and cooperative behavior, with a particular focus on the mediating role of the small-self concept.
Theoretical framework: Drawing on social-psychological and emotion theories, this study proposed an integrative model that includes two key variables: the experience of awe, elicited by various stimuli, and the small-self concept. It hypothesized that individuals who experience awe would exhibit increased cooperative behavior and that the small-self concept would mediate this relationship.
Method: Across three studies, diverse methodologies and measures were employed, including Common-Pool Resource Dilemmas and Public Goods Games, to assess levels of cooperation. The Awe Scale and Perceived Self-Size Scale were also utilized to measure awe and the small-self concept, respectively. In total, 320 participants were engaged in the study, being assigned to different experimental and control conditions.
Results and conclusion: The results consistently demonstrated that the experience of awe led to an increased willingness to cooperate across all studies. It was also discovered that the small-self concept played a complete mediating role in the relationship between the experience of awe and cooperative behavior, confirming the hypotheses. These findings remained robust even when different awe-inducing stimuli were employed, such as pictures of nature, images of architecture, or videos of an infant.
Search implications: Our findings underscore the importance of the awe experience as a potential driver of cooperative behavior. The results contribute to a better understanding of the emotional and cognitive processes underlying cooperation, suggesting that fostering awe experiences in individuals may be a promising avenue for promoting cooperative behavior. Future research should explore the practical applications of our findings in fields such as conflict resolution, environmental conservation, and social cooperation.
Originality value: This research uniquely contributes to the literature by integrating the concept of awe and small-self within the context of cooperative behavior. It adds to the existing body of knowledge by providing a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms that influence cooperative behavior. This study presents a novel approach by examining the mediating role of the small-self concept, offering new insights into how awe experiences can impact cooperation
Cultural Communication and Ethnic Intermingling: A study of Chinese Descendants in Kampung Kapitan Palembang
Get PDFBackground: This study challenges assumptions about negative relationships between ethnic Chinese and other residents, focusing on highlighting harmony in the long-term habitation of Chinese descendants in Kampung Kapitan Palembang. Emphasis is on preserving distinct cultures during adaptation.
Purpose: This research explores the ethnic intermingling among Kapitan Tjoa Ham Lim's descendants in Kampung Kapitan Palembang through a cultural communication lens, aiming to understand intercultural dynamics.
Theoretical Framework: Using a cultural communication perspective, the study emphasizes openness and acceptance of cultural differences in the acculturation process. Non-verbal communication is a key focus, highlighting cultural sensitivity in fostering positive relationships within diverse communities.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Qualitative and ethnographic methods explore long-term cultural acculturation in Kampung Kapitan. The study centers on non-verbal communication, openness, and recognizing the dynamic nature of communication, culture, religion, and economics.
Findings: The study reveals gradual cultural acculturation in Kampung Kapitan, facilitated by openness and acceptance, especially through non-verbal communication. Palembang becomes the dominant language, reflecting sustained interaction between Chinese descendants and locals. Acceptance of cultural diversity fosters harmonious relationships, recognizing physical traits as integral aspects of identity.
Research, Practical & Social Implications: Enriching qualitative understanding, the research contributes to communication science by shedding light on motives behind ethnic intermingling and bridging differences in historically rooted communities. Practical implications include maintaining social connections within diverse communities.
Originality/Value: This study challenges assumptions, provides nuanced insights into ethnic intermingling, and enhances understanding of cultural communication in historically rooted communities. Its significance in the field of communication science inspires further exploration by academics and researchers
Evaluation of Financial Performance of Banking Sector in India – A Camel Approach
Get PDFPurpose: The study examines the financial performances of selected Public Sector Undertaking Banks (PSUB) and Private Sector Banks (PSB). Furthermore, this study examines banks' efficiency concerning various financial aspects such as stability, liquidity, and profitability and their impact on financial performance.
Theoretical framework: Numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the financial performance of commercial banks. But after the COVID pandemic, only a few studies were conducted on the performance of banks. However, there is still much to assess regarding the comparative financial performance of public and private sector banks in India.
Design/methodology/approach: The study of financial performance of banks conducted on six PSUB and six PSB are selected based on advances as a percentage of deposits with the top three and bottom three banks from the PSUB and PSB. This research compares PSUB to PSB using a T-test for independent samples. The data is collected from secondary sources gathered from annual and RBI annual reports from 2017 to 2021.
Findings: Results from a comparison test show that, even though PSUB has made a lot of progress, they are still not performing up to the standard that PSB set. According to the report, PSB outperformed PSUB in the areas of CAR, NPA to NA, PPE, ROA, and liquid assets to total deposits concerning the CAMEL approach.
Research, Practical & Social implications: Future studies can consider other indicators of CAMEL components, like the percentage of gross NPA, net profit margin, interest income to total funds, operating expenses to total funds, credit deposit ratio, cash to deposit ratio, and some other samples of banks, to assess the financial performance of banks.
Originality/value: This research focuses on the financial performances of selected PSUBs and PSBs. The findings of this scholarly article state that the performances of the PSBs are the best, which means the PSUBs are lacking towards the customers in their performances. This research may be helpful to the policymakers in the PSUBs to identify their problems and rectify them
Methodology of Development of Social Investment Projects for the Economy: Legal Aspects
Get PDFPurpose: The purpose of the present academic paper is to analyze the methods, principles and mechanism of legal regulation of social investment activity and to develop priority directions for improving the legislative framework aimed at increasing the effectiveness of investment attraction and achieving social and economic efficiency
Theoretical framework: Conditions of instability require the development of social investment projects. From a legal point of view, it is necessary to reduce the administrative burden and tax pressure in the process of implementing social investment projects. This will allow for attracting investments at the global level and effectively using them at the national level for the purpose of economic development. In order to attract investors in the long term, it is necessary to reorient the tax system towards a liberal approach and optimize investment mechanisms.
Design/methodology/approach: To achieve the goal set, the research was conducted by applying analysis, comparison, optimization, and modeling methods.
Findings: The primary task is the analysis of social investment opportunities and the actualization of social investment information support, as well as the support of already existing social investment projects and programs. Improving the legal framework and introducing changes taking into account the instability of the external environment are separate directions of state regulation of social investment activities.
Research, Practical & Social implications: One of the areas identified in the academic paper is the necessity of creating a comprehensive strategic plan for the legal regulation of social investment activity.
Originality/value: This project will make it possible to implement effective legal mechanisms for regulating social investment activities, reduce the tax burden and contribute to ensuring the country’s investment attractiveness at the international level. As a result, the goal of increasing the inflow of investments and providing effective adjustment to the unstable external environment will be achieved
Subjective Well-Being of Employees and Freelancers in the Information Technology Sector
Get PDFPurpose: The aim of this study is to examine the various dimensions of the subjective well-being of employees and freelancers working in the Information Technology sector. It also examines the difference in subjective well-being between employees and freelancers.
Theoretical framework: The study explains subjective well-being based on need theory, socioemotional selectivity theory, and spillover theory.
Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional survey design was employed, utilizing a purposive sample of 200 employees and freelancers in India. A questionnaire is used for data collection using established scales. Descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and ANOVA are carried out on the collected data.
Findings: All the dimensions of subjective well-being are significantly correlated. The ANOVA results indicate significant differences in all dimensions of subjective well-being across the respondents’ demographics. With respect to freelancers and employees in the IT sector, they show differences in work satisfaction, income satisfaction, and health satisfaction. The findings suggest that work satisfaction, income satisfaction, and health satisfaction should be focused among employees. Life satisfaction and leisure satisfaction can be focused on among freelancers.
Research, Practical & Social implications: Managers and organizations should invest in the key preference satisfaction domains that will create bring positive employee performance outcomes and enhance the commitment of freelancers toward project success.
Originality/value: This study provides novel insights into various areas that can be focused on to improve the subjective well-being of employees and freelancers in the IT sector