Journal of Law and Sustainable Development
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A machine learning based approach to identify key drivers for improving corporate’s esg ratings
Get PDFInvestors increasingly non-financial factors as part of their risk analysis process and growth assessments of corporates. Machine learning (ML) models for predicting ESG scores are an extremely useful tool to help investors make more informed decisions on their portfolios. Such a tool with wide-encompassing alternative data can be useful to the investors. The use of such datasets and machine learning models for ESG ratings can continuously improve the accuracy and reliability of those models. Using machine learning algorithms to identify key drivers of ESG ratings is an effective way of improving portfolio performance. Although the current state of ESG ratings is relatively static, data collection and mapping methodologies are evolving. As more data becomes available, the noise in ESG factors will become less important.
This unique document provides a machine learning algorithm for predicting an ESG rating based on a company's financial and non-financial attributes. The financial and non-financial attributes of corporations are extracted from Moody's Orbis and Ratings from S&P. The objective here is to predict the ESG rating of companies where the ESG rating is not easily accessible. At the same time, this approach would allow investors to have a suitable framework for investments based on ESG ratings. With the latest financial and non-financial disclosure by a corporate an ESG score can be predicted which can be used to identify its riskiness with a corresponding increase/decrease of ESG score
Legal approaches to combating massacres in russia
Get PDFObjective: In recent decades, the number of mass shootings in Russian educational institutions has increased. The study aims at evaluating the effectiveness of various means of protecting an individual developed and implemented in the country. Within this objective, the authors discuss the possibility of using preventive measures against grave crimes, i.e. the death penalty enshrined in the current criminal law but not fully implemented due to the moratorium. In the emerging Russian judicial practice, the authors consider crimes committed by minors and persons between the age of 18 and 21.
Methods: As part of the study, the authors review scientific works on the topic, crime statistics, and decisions of legislative authorities.
Results: According to the newly developed and consolidated provisions of Russian legislation, there has been a tightening of responsibility for arms trafficking in the form of a complete ban on the acquisition of any firearms by the named persons. It has been established that the main reason for the rapid increase in massacres is not the tightening or leniency of the law but its non-compliance. In the cases under consideration, civilian firearms were acquired by young people illegally due to neglect of one’s professional duties.
Conclusion: The authors believe that the measures, consisting in toughening the responsibility for the illegal circulation of civilian weapons adopted in 2021, will be more effective in preventing massacres among persons under the age of 21. As for the ability of such measures to counteract grave crimes committed by persons who have already reached this age, there are great doubts about their effectiveness. In this regard, there is a need to improve the newly adopted measures to prevent grave crimes among young people depending on their age (under or over 21).Objective: In recent decades, the number of mass shootings in Russian educational institutions has increased. The study aims at evaluating the effectiveness of various means of protecting an individual developed and implemented in the country. Within this objective, the authors discuss the possibility of using preventive measures against grave crimes, i.e. the death penalty enshrined in the current criminal law but not fully implemented due to the moratorium. In the emerging Russian judicial practice, the authors consider crimes committed by minors and persons between the age of 18 and 21.
Methods: As part of the study, the authors review scientific works on the topic, crime statistics, and decisions of legislative authorities.
Results: According to the newly developed and consolidated provisions of Russian legislation, there has been a tightening of responsibility for arms trafficking in the form of a complete ban on the acquisition of any firearms by the named persons. It has been established that the main reason for the rapid increase in massacres is not the tightening or leniency of the law but its non-compliance. In the cases under consideration, civilian firearms were acquired by young people illegally due to neglect of one’s professional duties.
Conclusion: The authors believe that the measures, consisting in toughening the responsibility for the illegal circulation of civilian weapons adopted in 2021, will be more effective in preventing massacres among persons under the age of 21. As for the ability of such measures to counteract grave crimes committed by persons who have already reached this age, there are great doubts about their effectiveness. In this regard, there is a need to improve the newly adopted measures to prevent grave crimes among young people depending on their age (under or over 21)
Desenvolvimento sustentável da indústria da construção através da utilização racional de fontes autônomas de fornecimento de calor com base no zoneamento climático
Get PDFObjective: The objective of this research is to develop an integral approach for the efficient choice of space-planning and structural solutions for low-rise buildings using renewable energy sources for engineering systems during the full life cycle of the building, aimed at improving efficiency of capital investments, energy and resource conservation, and creating comfortable living conditions for the population while considering climatic zoning.
Method: The research used a theoretical and methodological approach to develop the foundations for the efficient choice of space-planning and structural solutions for low-rise buildings. The study utilized a comparative analysis of building materials and heat supply technologies to select the most appropriate options.
Results: The research showed that utilizing renewable energy sources for engineering systems during the full life cycle of a low-rise building can significantly reduce construction expenses while increasing availability of low-rise housing for certain categories of citizens. The developed integral approach allows for the most efficient choice of space-planning and structural solutions for low-rise buildings while taking into account climatic zoning.
Conclusions: The research provides a means of solving the problem of supplying citizens with low-rise housing with high level of comfort and quality. The results of the research can be used in implementation of regional strategic sectoral planning and public-private partnership projects’ development. The developed integral approach allows for the rational utilization of autonomous heat supply sources in low-rise residential construction projects.Objetivo: O objetivo desta pesquisa é desenvolver uma abordagem integral para a escolha eficiente de planejamento espacial e soluções estruturais para edifícios baixos usando fontes de energia renováveis para sistemas de engenharia durante todo o ciclo de vida do edifício, visando melhorar a eficiência de investimentos de capital, conservação de energia e recursos e criação de condições de vida confortáveis para a população, considerando o zoneamento climático.
Método: A pesquisa utilizou uma abordagem teórico-metodológica para desenvolver as bases para a escolha eficiente de soluções espaciais e estruturais para edifícios baixos. O estudo utilizou uma análise comparativa de materiais de construção e tecnologias de fornecimento de calor para selecionar as opções mais adequadas.
Resultados: A pesquisa mostrou que a utilização de fontes de energia renovável para sistemas de engenharia durante todo o ciclo de vida de um edifício baixo pode reduzir significativamente as despesas de construção, ao mesmo tempo em que aumenta a disponibilidade de moradias baixas para certas categorias de cidadãos. A abordagem integral desenvolvida permite a escolha mais eficiente de planejamento de espaço e soluções estruturais para edifícios baixos, levando em consideração o zoneamento climático.
Conclusões: A pesquisa fornece um meio para resolver o problema de fornecer aos cidadãos moradias baixas com alto nível de conforto e qualidade. Os resultados da pesquisa podem ser utilizados na implementação do planejamento estratégico setorial regional e no desenvolvimento de projetos de parceria público-privada. A abordagem integral desenvolvida permite a utilização racional de fontes autônomas de fornecimento de calor em projetos de construção residencial de baixo crescimento
Increasing the competence of future economists to improve the effectiveness of training in the context of achieving the principles of sustainable development
Get PDFObjective: The study aims to shed light on the opportunity of using the KmPlot software in teaching the topics of further mathematics associated with the study of functions, as well as to substantiate the feasibility of its use.
Methods: The conducted experimental study using the methods of observation, analysis, systematization, and pedagogical experiment provides qualitative and quantitative information on the expediency of using KmPlot in teaching further mathematics.
Results: The results obtained indicate an increase in the level of learning outcomes when using the KmPlot software, i.e. improved learning outcomes of future economists in the study of further mathematics by means of freely distributed computer mathematical programs.
Conclusion: The use of licensed software by Russian universities may become a topical problem in current realities. Free software products for learning further mathematics, such as graphing software, can serve as a good alternative
Automation of Electronics Device Control Based on Human Activity with Weighted K-Nearest Neighbor Classification
Get PDFObjective: Human daily activities such as turn off/on the lights, the air conditioner, the music player, etc., require a lot of time. These activities can be electronically automated, using human activity recognition. This idea is based on the idea that rational agents seek goals to increase their wealth.
Method: In this research, it has been automated to turn on/off the light when someone passes through the road or stairs, turn on/off the air conditioner when someone is exercising, turn on/off the music player when someone is ironing clothes. The mechanization is done by using accelerometer and gyroscope sensors, to detect hand activities in these actions.
Result: The sensor output in the form of a signal will be classified using the weighted K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm, so the system can classify what movement is being done. The results of the classification will activate the electronic device according to the purpose for which it was designed. The classification accuracy obtained is 95%, so it can help reduce of daily routine activities.
Conclusion: The light switch used is a Smart Switch which is assembled using ESP-01 and a Relay, to turn off/on the switch. The Music Player used is coupled with WeMo’s D1Mini and DF Player Mini, to activate and deactivate the Music Player. The Universal Remote is used to turn on/off the AC
Employment Opportunities and Social Networks of Indonesian Women Migrant Workers at the Border
Get PDFPurpose: Migration of Indonesian women abroad and the challenges they face have become an interesting topic recently. There has been a shift in migration rates, where women have begun to dominate this phenomenon known as the feminization of migrants. Despite risks such as violence and fraud attached to the work of migrant women, many Indonesian women still choose to work abroad due to limited employment opportunities, limited education, poverty and heavy family responsibilities. Several factors drive women's migration, such as limited job opportunities in the area of origin, changes in agricultural systems, and competition for low-paid jobs.
Method: The pull factor in the destination area also plays a role in offering better job opportunities. Social networks support Indonesian women's migration, both through legal and illegal channels, providing information and assistance during the migration process.
Results: Transit areas such as Tanjung pinang in the Riau Archipelago are also important exit points for women migrant workers. Research has highlighted employment opportunities and shifting migration patterns in Indonesia, with unequal employment conditions, limited employment opportunities in the agricultural sector, and economic and social changes as driving factors for migration.
Conclusions: The shift from male migration to female migration is also influenced by poverty, gender equality, and women's responsibilities towards the family. This article provides a better understanding of the phenomenon of migration of Indonesian women abroad, the challenges they face, and the factors that influence their decision to migrate
Introduction of Environmental Monitoring for the Sustainable Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex: The Method of the Genuine Savings Index
Get PDFObjective: The purpose of the study is to conduct a theoretical and methodological analysis of environmental monitoring both at the global and agro-industrial organizational levels. The article highlights the important problems associated with the anthropogenic impact of agro-industrial organizations on the environment and the need to balance development with environmental sustainability.
Methods: The study uses various methods, including monographic, economic-statistical, balance, economic modeling, and comparison. Along with this, the study analyzes the reports on the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) prepared by Yale and Columbia Universities, as well as an original methodology for calculating the genuine savings index at the organizational level.
Results: The content of the EPI is disclosed, and its dynamics over the past ten years for key economically developed countries are shown. A structural scheme of environmental monitoring is developed and substantiated, specially designed for agro-industrial organizations and firmly based on an environmentally oriented accounting and analytical system.
Conclusion: The original methodology for determining the genuine savings index of agricultural organizations is presented. An organization’s genuine savings index is determined and assessed based on the developed analytical map
Nguyen Trai's Thought of Respecting the People, for the People and Lessons Learned for Vietnam Today
Get PDFObjective: The study clarifies the conditions and circumstances of the birth of Nguyen Trai's thought of respecting the people, for the people, the authors focus on describing some contents of his ideology of respecting the people, for the people, from which several articles emerged a learning experience for Vietnam today.
Methods: Studying Nguyen Trai's ideological values of tolerance and solidarity in building a consensual, harmonious, humane, and compassionate society in Vietnam today requires an interdisciplinary scientific approach, such as ethics, Philosophy, Literature, Psychology, and Sociology. In the process of approaching the issue, the authors use research methods such as Text analysis, logic - history, the unity between synchronic and diachronic perspective, analysis-synthesis, etc. These research methods are applied in a consistent dialectical way by the authors to provide a comprehensive and specific research approach suitable for the task at hand.
Results: Nguyen Trai's contributions to the Vietnamese people at that time were enormous, but today's humanity has little access to his contributions. Therefore, in this article, besides generalizing the conditions and circumstances for the birth of Nguyen Trai's thought of respecting the people, and for the people, the authors focus on clarifying some contents of his ideology of respecting the people and for the people, thereby highlighting some lessons learned for Vietnam today.
Conclusions: Nguyen Trai's thought of respecting the people for the people is one of the ideas inherited and summarized by Nguyen Trai during his life of working with the people against the enemy to save the country. That thought, not only has historical value in repelling invaders, building an independent and free country, steadfastly supporting the people, uniting the army and people, and keeping peace with the enemy, but still today, remains valid, these are lessons learned, always taking the people as the root, constantly attaching importance to the legitimate and legitimate interests of the people
The Concept of Nationalism and its Development in Vietnam
Get PDFObjective: This study aims to analyze the development and transformation of the Vietnamese identity through interactions with other countries and examines the significance of the north-south identity. Central to this research is the exploration of nationalism, its development, and implementation in Vietnam.
Method: The research adopts a comprehensive approach that includes a literature review, historical analysis, and utilization of various data sources. A comparative study is conducted to contrast the North and South regions, considering their political ideologies, in-group favoritism, and challenges encountered in promoting nationalism. External factors' influence on nationalism is also examined, focusing on the roles of China, America, and France and Marxist ideology in shaping Vietnamese identity.
Results: Vietnamese nationalism has its own characteristics that have been formed and formed through thousands of years of fighting for and keeping national independence and national sovereignty. Only a proper understanding of Vietnamese nationalism could be explained why in the past, the Vietnamese people still existed with their own identities after 1000 years of Northern domination with the strong assimilation policy of the Chinese feudal government, and in modern times from the Geneva Agreement (1954) until its collapse on April 30, 1975, the government of the Republic of Vietnam always claimed to be the embodiment of "nationalism" but was rejected and failed by the Vietnamese people themselves, while the government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam has always been considered communist - in the sense of non-nationalism - and won the nation's support, completing the great cause of liberation of the South and reunification of the country.
Conclusions: This research underscores the profound impact of external influences on Vietnam's orientation and translation of nationalism. The study emphasizes the continuing evolution of Vietnamese identity and its relevance in the broader global context. Understanding the development and transformation of the Vietnamese identity is essential for comprehending the dynamics of nationalism and cultural interaction in contemporary Vietnam. The insights gained from this research contribute to a broader understanding of how a nation's identity can be influenced and shaped by interactions with other as well as political ideologies that have influenced the world in each era
Challenges to Implementing the International Digital Law to Protect Digital Rights
Get PDFObjective: In the ongoing digital era, digital rights are a major concern and demand measures to address challenges that encompass the management of effective law implementation. The following study aims at the contrivance and administration of international law to address digital rights.
Method: Legal aspects of digital technology, also known as information technology law, is a practical field of law that has established a strong position among other legal fields in recent years, both in legal firms and educational institutions. Fresh technological advancements like massive data, the Web of Things, quantum computation, distributed ledger technology, and advanced formulas provoke inquiries concerning the governance of these technologies, such as the entitlements and safeguards that individuals possess or ought to possess. The growing utilization of electronic technologies by corporations and governments prompts various inquiries concerning the management of these technologies, specifically concerning the privileges and lawful safeguards individuals have a claim to.
Result: The emphasis is primarily on the utilization and possible alteration of current (basic) entitlements. Nevertheless, the argument and lawful exploration in this domain needs a more extensive conversation regarding the novel entitlements that individuals ought to possess in the digital epoch. Occasionally, novel ideas emerge, like the concept of the 'right to erasure'.
Conclusion: This piece of writing discusses the inquiry of what fresh, supplementary entitlements could be envisioned in the age of technology if we were to compose them anew, without being restricted to a predetermined collection of essential liberties. To initiate a more extensive lawful discussion on this matter, several novel entitlements for individuals in the electronic sphere are suggested