Journal of Law and Sustainable Development
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LEGISLATIVE INDUSTRY CHALLENGES IN CONFRONTING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CRIMES
No full textObjectives: The objective of this scientific paper is to shed light on the challenges facing the legislative industry in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. Specifically, it aims to anticipate and predict the difficulties related to creating an independent legal personality for AI tools, enabling them to assume rights and obligations, as well as establishing criminal responsibility and punishment in cases where AI technologies commit crimes punishable by law.
Methods: To achieve the stated objectives, this paper employs a theoretical and analytical approach. It involves a comprehensive review and analysis of existing literature, legal frameworks, and case studies related to the legal implications of AI technologies. Additionally, hypothetical scenarios and potential challenges are discussed to illustrate the complexities involved in creating legal frameworks that address the unique nature of AI tools and their impact on society.
Results: The analysis reveals several key challenges facing the legislative industry in the field of AI technologies. These challenges include the conceptualization of an independent legal personality for AI tools, determining the rights and obligations associated with such personality, and establishing mechanisms for holding AI technologies accountable for their actions. Furthermore, the paper explores the difficulties in imposing criminal responsibility and punishment on AI technologies in cases where they commit crimes.
Conclusion: In conclusion, this scientific paper highlights the complexities and challenges associated with creating legal frameworks for AI technologies. By anticipating and predicting these challenges, it provides valuable insights for legislators, policymakers, and legal professionals involved in shaping the regulatory landscape for AI. Moving forward, it is essential to address these challenges proactively and develop legal frameworks that strike a balance between promoting innovation and safeguarding societal interests in the era of artificial intelligence
LEGAL CULTURE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTION OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINE BUSINESS PERFORMERS
No full textPurpose: Research on Jamu (traditional herbal medicine and herbs) in the protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) is important for several reasons: First, traditional knowledge in the form of herbal medicine and traditional medicine has economic value and needs to receive legal protection. Second, the local community's lack of understanding regarding intellectual property means they are not interested in taking economic benefits from traditional knowledge.
Method: The theoretical framework used is legal culture theory, while the research method used is research methods socio-legal
Results and Conclusion: The research conclusions obtained: First, the protection of intellectual property for traditional knowledge of herbal medicine as traditional medicine shows a strong legal culture concept. Second, the process of resolving disputes that occur between traditional herbal medicine business actors in Lamongan Regency shows a process of moving away from court mechanisms.
Implications of research: Research on the legal culture of intellectual property rights protection of traditional medicine business performers has important implications in several aspects, including law, culture and business. The following are several implications that may arise from the research. one of them is Better Legal Protection
JOB STATUS OF WOMEN IN SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY: A SUSTAINABILITY PERSPECTIVE
No full textObjective: This study aims at exploring the relationship between the job status of female engineers and the lack of development opportunities in the workplace considering the United Nation’s Social Development Goal number 5 (Gender Equality) and amid sever low representation of women in science, engineering, and technology (SET) industries worldwide. A discussion of the leaky pipeline, a term used by scholars to indicate the progressive decline in the number of women opting the field of SET in the professional practice, is presented (Berry et al., 2022; Kemp, 2021).
Method: Quantitative approach was administered in one of the leading universities in Dubai, targeting graduate and postgraduate female students in SET majors. Data analysis was conducted using ANOVA testing.
Results: The findings of the research suggest that the job status of female engineers and the lack of development opportunities at the workplace are not related with positive inferences about the progressive evolution that the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is witnessing in terms of gender diversity and inclusion (Alblooshi & May, 2018).
Originality/Value: Major governmental initiatives regarding gender equality are represented and discussed. The study provides positive insights related to the under-representation of females in SET sectors and a gateway for future research amid lack of literature pertaining to this subject in the Arab world
JUSTICE OF COMPENSATION FOR APPROPRIATION FOR THE PURPOSE OF OPENING ROADS IN JORDANIAN LAW (A COMPARATIVE STUDY)
No full textObjective: This study aims to define the concept of fair compensation, and how the Jordanian constitution gives the ordinary legislator the authority to determine the nature of fair compensation so that he may stipulate deducting part of the property free of charge, or did the constitutional legislator grant the ordinary legislator the authority to determine how to estimate the value of fair compensation as stated in Comparative legislation.
Theoretical Framework: The study employs a theoretical framework rooted in distributive justice theory, particularly drawing upon the perspectives of Rawls, Nozick, and Sen, the study evaluates the principles underlying fair compensation and its practical application in legal systems.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This study follows a comparative analytical descriptive approach in dealing with the position of comparative legislation on fair compensation in the first requirement, and we will devote the second requirement to the position of the Jordanian legislator on fair compensation stipulated in Jordanian legislation.
Result: The results of the study showed that appropriation for the public benefit has become recognized in constitutions and comparative legislations, as these legislations have defined the procedures for obtaining real estate to be appropriated in order to achieve the public benefit, and these legislations also included the principle of the owner's right to receive fair compensation that compensates the damage caused as a result of appropriation.
Research, Practical & Social Implications: The study concluded that the legislations have differed in how to estimate fair compensation, some of which stipulate that the compensation must be complete without taking into account the impact of ownership on the remaining parts of the property and neighboring properties, and some of which introduced the concept of a free quarter such as the Jordanian law of ownership in the acquisitions of roads. This study came to show the fairness of the free quarter deduction in the acquisition of roads in the Jordanian acquisition law compared to what is applied in the comparative legislation.
Originality/Value: The study provides original insights into the concept of fair compensation in Jordanian law, offering recommendations for legislative reforms to enhance distributive justice in expropriation cases
STATUS OF THE CHILD OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY (ART) IN ISLAMIC LAW AND THEIR RIGHTS TO INHERITANCE
No full textPurpose: Childlessness involves suffering, bearing, nursing, rearing, sharing their future, and sharing their goals—basic human needs. This study examines the legal status of ART child and their rights of inheritance under Islamic law. After reviewing the Quran, Hadith, Ijma, Quis, and the opinions of Islamic scholars and schools, it proposes frameworks for Islamic approaches.
Methods: This study used doctrinal legal research as its methodology and approach by describing data findings, both primary and secondary data, that have been processed and analyzed, and access to legal texts and materials, such as adequately cited books, journals, articles, conference and seminar papers, statutes, case law, and online resources.
Results: This study examined the legal standing of children born using artificial reproductive technology (ART) in Islamic law, specifically on their inheritance rights under the different schools of Muslim laws, especially Sunni and Shia schools, and found defects in existing methods and recommended suggestion the possible frameworks for Islamization and ensure rights of ART child.
Conclusion: Islam allows its followers to use modern innovations and techniques like ART. However, infertile couples who need it to save their family and lineage may benefit. If the semen comes from a legitimate Muslim spouse, ART does not change fatherhood or inheritance in Islamic law. Unnatural fertilizations are questioned for a child conceived using a stranger's semen. Being paid to fertilize and implant the third party's sperm or eggs in the wife's uterus or another woman is adultery and is forbidden
COLABORATORIOS Y SU CONTRIBUCIÓN EN LA ESPECIALIDAD NACIONAL DE AGROECOLOGÍA EN MÉXICO
No full textObjetivo: Analizar la contribución de los colaboratorios en el proceso de implementación de los Planres de Acción Territorial de los estudiantes del Programa Interinstitucional de Especialidad en Soberanías Alimentarias y Gestión de Incidencia Local Estratégica, en 18 entidades federativas de México durante el 2023.
Método: Se elaboró una matriz de marco lógico-CEPAL, considerando la construcción horizontal del conocimiento. Se utilizó la meta como elemento en común para analizar 189 reportes con el método cualitativo de la Teoría Fundamenta de Strauss y Corbin. Este consistió en generar codificaciones para identificar temáticas centrales y redes de ejes temáticos.
Resultados: Se identificaron 14 tipos de acciones participativas, las cuales fueron implementadas con diálogo de saberes como elemento en común. Las temáticas centrales fueron: manejo de arvenses, suelos y conocimiento local, con 27.3%, 27.3% y 45.4% respectivamente.
Conclusión: Se evidencia que las herramientas y temáticas de los colaboratorios permitieron una planeación consensuada que integró conocimiento local y científico para la eliminación del uso de glifosato y agroquímicos en las comunidades de los estudiantes.
Implicaciones de la investigación: Los colaboratorios revelaron que el diálogo de saberes permite integrar ámbitos ambientales, culturales, personales y económicos, temáticas importantes en la agroecologia, las cuales aportaron a la implementación de los planes de acción territorial considerando los contextos socioales, ambientales e históricos en las comunidades de México.
Originalidad/Valor: Este artículo contribuye a la comprención de los procesos de implementación de planes de acción para eliminar el uso de glifosato y agroquímicos en las comunidades de México.Objetivo: Analizar la contribución de los colaboratorios en el proceso de implementación de los Planres de Acción Territorial de los estudiantes del Programa Interinstitucional de Especialidad en Soberanías Alimentarias y Gestión de Incidencia Local Estratégica, en 18 entidades federativas de México durante el 2023.
Método: Se elaboró una matriz de marco lógico-CEPAL, considerando la construcción horizontal del conocimiento. Se utilizó la meta como elemento en común para analizar 189 informes con el método cualitativo de la Teoría Fundamenta de Strauss y Corbin. Este consistió en generar codificaciones para identificar temáticas centrales y redes de ejes temáticos.
Resultados: Se identificaron 14 tipos de acciones participativas, las cuales fueron implementadas con diálogo de saberes como elemento en común. Las temáticas centrales fueron: manejo de arvenses, suelos y conocimiento local, con 27.3%, 27.3% y 45.4% respectivamente.
Conclusión: Se evidencia que las herramientas y temáticas de los colaboratorios permitieron una planeación consensuada que integró conocimiento local y científico para la eliminación del uso de glifosato y agroquímicos en las comunidades de los estudiantes.
Implicaciones de la investigación: Los colaboratorios revelaron que el diálogo de saberes permite integrar ámbitos ambientales, culturales, personales y económicos, temáticas importantes en la agroecología, las cuales aportaron a la implementación de los planos de acción territorial considerando los contextos socioales, ambientales e históricos. . . en las comunidades de México.
Originalidad/Valor: Este artículo contribuye a la comprensión de los procesos de implementación de planos de acción para eliminar el uso de glifosato y agroquímicos en las comunidades de México.Objetivo: Analizar la contribución de dos colaboradores en el proceso de implementación de los Planos de Acción Territorial de los alunos del Programa Interinstitucional de Especialidade em Soberanias Alimentares e Gestão Estratégica de Incidências Locais, en 18 entidades federales de México durante 2023.
Método: Foi desenvolvida uma matriz del cuadro lógico de la CEPAL, considerando una construcción horizontal del conocimiento. El objetivo fue utilizado como elemento común para analizar 189 relatos con el método cualitativo de la Teoría Fundamental de Strauss y Corbin. Esta consiste en generar codificación para identificar temas centrales y redes de eixos temáticos.
Resultados: El foro identificó 14 tipos de acciones participativas, que el foro implementó tendo o diálogo de saberes como elemento común. Los temas centrales del foro: manejo de plantas daninhas, solos e conhecimento local, con 27,3%, 27,3% y 45,4% respectivamente.
Conclusión: Fica evidente que as ferramentas e temas dos colaboratórios permitirán un plan consensual que integra el conocimiento local y científico para la eliminación del uso de glifosato y agroquímicos en las comunidades estudiantiles.
Implicações da Pesquisa: Los colaboradores revelan que el diálogo de compromisos permite integrar esferas ambientales, culturales, personales y económicas, temas importantes de la agroecología, o que contribuyen a la implementación de planos de acción territorial considerando los contextos sociales, ambientales e históricos de las comunidades. hacer México.
Originalidad/Valor: Este artículo contribuye para comprender dos procesos de implementación de planos de acción para eliminar o uso de glifosato y agroquímicos en las comunidades de México
IMPACT OF NON-PERFORMING LOAN ON BANK PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA
No full textObjective: Receiving a specified interest rate on term deposits and lending, which carries the risk that the borrower won't repay the debt as stipulated, are two components of the banking industry. This has to do with the likelihood that lending rates may decline, which would lead to a decrease in the bank's investment income relative to its deposit payment income. Therefore, this study examines how Nigerian commercial banks' financial stability is impacted by non-performing loans. The non-performing loans (NPLs), liquidity risk (LR), gearing ratio (GR), bank size (BS), and return on asset (ROA) were all utilized as proxies for non-performing loans and financial performance, respectively, using an ex-post facto research technique.
Method: The study employed a simple sampling approach to collect secondary data in accordance with the data's accessibility at the time of the investigation. These numbers were gathered from the annual financial reports of eight listed Nigerian commercial banks and cover the years 2017 through 2022. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Panel Autoregressive distributed lags (PARDL) methods.
Results: The results of the analysis indicate that the model's short-run behavior exhibits a high rate of adjustment, and that it moves from the short-run to the long-run at an average speed of 48%. However, the long-term cointegration results show that the non-performing loans (-0.495623); liquidity ratio (-0.133630) and gearing ratio (-3.328567) are all statistically negatively related to return on asset. This suggests that an increase in the non-performing loans, liquidity ratio and gearing ratio tends to reduce return on asset in the long term. However, only the bank size has a positive significant relationship with return on asset.
Conclusion: The study suggests that the regulatory agencies in Nigeria increase the internal processes used by commercial Nigerian banks for risk verification, measurement, and tracking in order to foster an atmosphere where such practices can be adopted. The study recommends commercial banks to develop creative strategies to increase their inner financial ability in light of the negative association between LR and GR and performance, in order to be ready for any potential policy shift (change) in liquidity ratio and gearing ratios
DIGITAL TEACHING MATERIAL OF SUSTAINABLE LIFESTYLE THEME WITH ETHNO-PJBL TO PROMOTE STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE AND CREATIVE THINKING ABILITIES
No full textPurpose: This study aims to analyze the effects of digital teaching materials on the theme of sustainable lifestyle integrated with Ethno-PjBL on knowledge and creative thinking skills in learning in the Merdeka Curriculum.
Theoretical Framework: The idea behind the development of digital learning materials on the theme of sustainable lifestyle is to promote awareness and practice of sustainability among students through the integration of technology in learning. By combining a project-based learning model enriched by local cultural values (Ethno-PjBL), students are not only invited to understand the concept of sustainable lifestyle, but also how to apply it in their cultural context.
Method: This study used a quasi-experimental method with a posttest only control group design. The sample of this study was grade X students at SMAN Kota Jambi, with the experimental class using integrated digital teaching materials ethno-PjBL and the control class using conventional learning methods. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical tests, Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality tests, and Mann-Whitney tests.
Results and Discussion: Digital teaching materials on sustainable lifestyle themes integrated with ethno-PjBL have a positive impact on students' knowledge and creative thinking skills. The experimental class using the digital teaching materials showed better results compared to the control class using conventional learning methods.
Research Implications: The results of this study support the integration of sustainable lifestyle-themed digital teaching materials with the Ethno-PjBL approach, which not only strengthens students' academic knowledge, but also fosters creative thinking skills and awareness of local cultural values. The findings of this study can encourage educators and policy makers to further adopt and develop contextual and relevant digital teaching materials, especially those that focus on global issues such as sustainability, but are still integrated with local wisdom. The implications of this study also open up opportunities for further research to explore the potential of digital teaching materials in other subjects or at different levels of education
ELECTRONIC MONITORING CONTROLS AS AN ALTERNATIVE PUNISHMENT IN COMPARATIVE LEGISLATION
No full textObjective: This study aimed to identify the controls of electronic monitoring as one of the alternative penalties in comparative legislation, identify the cases of using electronic monitoring, clarify the principles on which electronic monitoring is based, in addition to identifying the persons subject to electronic monitoring, and clarifying the conditions for applying electronic monitoring. The study also aimed to identify the obligations of the person subject to electronic monitoring.
Methods: The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach in his study, by analyzing all laws and legislation related to electronic monitoring. The researcher also used the comparative approach.
Results and discussion: The study reached a set of results, the most prominent of which is that adults can be subject to electronic monitoring, as can juveniles provided that their guardian approves of that, and men, women, detainees and convicts can be subject to electronic monitoring, as can crime victims for their protection, and the penalty must be deprivation of liberty, as it cannot be applied to a fine, and legislation differed in the duration of the penalty of deprivation of liberty imposed in order for electronic monitoring to be applied, as for the accused or detainees, the charge must be of the type of misdemeanor or felony and it is not conceivable that it be of the type of violations, and legislation differed regarding the authorities that have the authority to issue an electronic monitoring order, some of which limited it to the judiciary or the director of the correctional institution or the judge implementing the penalty, and legislation also specified a set of obligations on the person concerned.
Implications: This study will help specialists, especially Palestinian legislative policy makers, in building a vision for implementing electronic monitoring as an alternative punishment.
Originality: This study is considered one of the first studies that addressed the subject of electronic monitoring controls as an alternative punishment in comparative legislation at the level of Palestinian legislation.
Recommendations: The study recommended a set of recommendations, perhaps the most prominent of which is not to leave a specific area that is specified for a specific period of time, in addition to some other duties. In the event that the convict violates the electronic monitoring controls, this leads to the withdrawal of the decision to implement electronic monitoring, and it can be replaced with other alternative punishments according to the discretion of the judiciary. The study recommended that the Palestinian legislator enact an alternative punishment law, including electronic monitoring, after benefiting from comparative legislation and according to the available capabilities
THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON ALGERIA'S TOURISM ACTIVATION: A STUDY OF A SAMPLE OF DOMESTIC TOURISTS USING SOCIAL MEDIA
No full textObjectives: This study aims to explore the impact of social media in revitalizing domestic tourism in Algeria by examining the role these platforms play in attracting domestic tourists and developing effective digital marketing strategies.
The Theoretical Framework: The study is based on a solid theoretical framework that reviews the historical development of social media and its increasing impact on consumer behavior in the tourism sector. Social media is addressed as a marketing tool, and its role in creating interactive content that contributes to promoting local tourism culture.
Method: A descriptive-analytic approach was used in this study, where an electronic questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 100 social media users in Algeria. The data was analyzed using SPSS V29 statistical software, which allowed the extraction of statistically significant relationships about the role of digital platforms in tourism promotion.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that social media is a powerful tool in attracting local tourists, as users take advantage of virtual networking groups to get recommendations about tourist destinations. The growing importance of visual platforms such as Facebook and YouTube in influencing travel decisions was also emphasized.
Research Implications: The results of this study provide important insights for travel and tourism agencies in Algeria on how to optimize digital marketing strategies using social media. It is recommended to invest more in these platforms to reach a wider audience and meet the needs of local tourists.
Originality/Value: This study is innovative in its approach to the impact of social media on domestic tourism in Algeria, and the practical value of its findings in developing tourism marketing strategies that keep pace with modern digital transformations