Journal of Law and Sustainable Development
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KNOWLEDGE EXTERNALITIES AS COMMONS FOR INNOVATION: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION
No full textObjective: This paper analyzes how knowledge externalities function as common resources that foster innovation.
Theoretical framework: The existing studies often frame the problem of knowledge externalities as a problem of knowledge market failures and recommend public intervention, such as public expenditure on education which is a simple solution. However, the experience from OECD countries shows that there is an inherent trade-off between public and private expenditures at every level of the education system which indicates the commonality of these resources.
Method: This paper uses a semi-systematic literature review and quantitative analysis of public and private expenditures on education and their impact on patents generated across OECD countries.
Results and discussion: This article argues that: first, knowledge externalities are complex common resources that require collective action, facilitated by public policy to address associated social dilemmas. This means, the commonality of the knowledge externality is in fact that no one is excluded to benefit from knowledge externalities except those who lack capabilities, however, due to lack of funding, these resources can be depleted; secondly, Public expenditure on education must not only account for the positive externalities generated but also recognize education as a component of the complex commons. The complexity of these resources justify why government intervention is required; third and finally, knowledge externalities contribute to social learning society which is an imperative to innovation processes.
Research implications: This recognition can foster peer production and a learning society, both of which are essential for driving innovation.
Originality/value: This paper assesses and synthesizes the literature on knowledge externalities and their policy such as public expenditure on education in a way that enables to understand knowledge externalities as common resources that enable holistic social learning which boost innovation
LAY PERSON PERCEPTIONS ON TEACHING BASIC LIFE SUPPORT USING ANDROID SMARTPHONES ON SOUTH BORNEO INDONESIA
No full textBackground: Cases of victims who experienced stop the heart and stop breathing the more increase the end _of this with various because temporary ability Basic Life Support Public lay still low.
Purpose: This study develops a Basic Life Support tutorial application on an Android Smartphone that can be used by Lay Persons to help survivors' hearts and stop breathing.
Method: This study used an experiment on Lay Persons in Banjarmasin and Banjar Regency which was taken using the Simple Random Sampling technique.
Conclusions: Lay Person is enthusiastic and happy with the Basic Life Tutorial using an Android Smartphone and provides an excellent quantitative and qualitative assessment of the community
VISUAL CULTURE ON HOMOSEXUAL RESISTANCE IN SOUTHEAST ASIAN WEB SERIES
No full textObjective: This study aims to explore the representation of diverse identities in Southeast Asian web series, with a focus on the ways in which these series depict the experiences of individuals who do not conform to traditional gender norms. The three research objectives are: to analyze the symbolic transformations observed in the depiction of Gender non-conforming relationships in Southeast Asian web series, to examine how media entrepreneurs have utilized technological advancements to create engaging and realistic productions, and to investigate how web series can influence public perceptions and understanding of social issues.
Theoretical Framework: Theory of Hyperreality from Baudrillard. In it, everything is an imitation, more precisely an imitation of an imitation and a fake thing seems more real than the real reality or reality. In a technologically dependent postmodern society, humans are confused by reality and its simulation, because of which we cannot distinguish between what is real and what is artificial that happens around us.
Method: This study used a mixed multiphase method. In the first stage, the researchers conducted a semiotic analysis followed by in-depth interviews
Results and Discussion: This research is still in the research planning proposal stage. Researchers need a long time to do this research. The stages of this research began with building this research proposal, then continued with semiotic analysis to find the visual culture of four webseries from four different countries in Southeast Asia. The next stage, researchers still need to interview 8 informants from 4 different countries from 2 different genders.
Originality/Value: This research will offer a new concept in analyzing the content of invisible web series. This research will also be a new research model that can be used to analyze the web series
CONSTRUCCIÓN DEL MUNDO DE VIDA DESDE LA CULTURA DE LA DISCAPACIDAD
No full textObjetivos: El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las formas en que las personas con discapacidad construyen su mundo de vida a partir de las experiencias cotidianas en su familia, escuela, lugar de trabajo, espacios públicos.
Marco teórico: El enfoque teórico que enmarca el análisis es Husserl, Foucault principalmente y otros autores de la Teoría Crítica de la Discapacidad.
Método: La metodología adoptada para esta investigación es el análisis descriptivo de entrevistas aplicadas a personas con discapacidad, y determinar la asociación entre mundo de vida y cultura de la discapacidad.
Resultados y Discusión: En el mundo de vida y en la cultura de la discapacidad se crean redes complejas de relaciones que están cargadas de significación; forman parte del contexto que rodea la vida cotidiana de las personas con discapacidad en el tiempo y el espacio; ambos desarrollan conocimientos y prácticas que anteceden a las acciones de las personas; en ambos, la identidad y la constitución de los sujetos surgen de las interrelaciones con otros sujetos.
Implicaciones de la investigación: Este estudio se deriva de una investigación doctoral más amplia titulada “Gubernamentalidad y atención a la discapacidad en México: procesos de subjetivación, relaciones de poder y esquemas de saber-poder en poblaciones específicas”, en donde se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad a personas en diferentes condiciones de discapacidad, sin ánimo de generalizar sino de reflexionar, dando pie a escuchar en su propia voz cómo fueron sus respectivos procesos de subjetivación.
Originalidad/Valor: La construcción del mundo de la vida desde el enfoque husserliano implica necesariamente la construcción de los sujetos. Tomando en cuenta a Michel Foucault estos procesos o modos de subjetivación suponen momentos de doble confrontación entre “cómo me veo y cómo me ven los demás”. Así, como a cualquier miembro de la sociedad, a las personas con discapacidad se les dice, se les trata, se les enseña, se les impone y se les subraya lo que es, cómo deben actuar, lo que se espera de ellas en diferentes escenarios y contexto social. Sin embargo, este proceso es distinto al momento en que las limitaciones físicas, mentales o sociales se hacen evidentes, enfrentándolas a una cultura de la discapacidad rodeada de incomprensión, aislamiento y, con frecuencia, violencia y discriminación
THE ETHICS OF CIVIL SOCIETY WORK IS A BASIC PILLAR FOR ACHIEVING COMMUNITY SECURITY
No full textObjective: This study aims to highlight one of the main roles of civil society within the legal entity of the state, in light of the participatory approach carried by the constitutional amendment in Algeria for the year 2020, through participation in the moralization of public life and contributing to achieving community security.
Methods: The nature of the study required the use of different approaches. In its theoretical aspect, the descriptive approach was used to explain the participatory approach introduced by the Algerian constitutional amendment of 2020, while the tools of the analytical approach were used to discuss and analyze some parts of the study related to the ways and obstacles to employing the participatory approach on the ground, and the challenges that await it in order to achieve the desired community security.
Results and discussion: In light of the challenges facing societies today, especially in light of technological developments and the accompanying fifth-generation wars at this particular time, which have made the idea a destructive weapon for the social fabric and an imminent threat to societal security within countries; for this reason, this study presents solutions to enhance the participatory approach decided upon from the technical and practical side, especially with regard to proposals for specialized training, and reorganizing the house of civil society organizations, before determining executive powers regulated by laws related to their activity.
Conclusion: The participatory approach introduced by the 2020 constitutional amendment included important gains that we appreciate, but it faces practical obstacles due to its shortcomings and lack of activation mechanisms; this is what this study presents in the results reached, especially those related to rehabilitating the human cadre supervising civil society, and entrusting it with sufficient powers and guarantees capable of providing added value within the framework of achieving the desired community security, regulated by new legal frameworks that we propose within the framework of (the Associations Law - the Local Authorities Law...), parts of which the study proposes to amend
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PENSION SCHEME IN NIGERIA AND UNITED KINGDOM: BRIDGING THE GAP
No full textObjective: This study conducts a comparative analysis of pension schemes in Nigeria and the United Kingdom, examining key dimensions to provide a comprehensive understanding of each system.
Theoretical Framework: The research objectives focus on comparing the structural frameworks, types of pensions available (state, occupational, and personal), and adequacy of pension benefits.
Method: Utilizing a non-doctrinal methodology, the study assesses investment strategies, administrative efficiency, and risk management practices to identify strengths and weaknesses.
Research and Discussion: The findings reveal that the pension scheme in the United Kingdom is more robust than Nigeria's. Notably, the UK's pension scheme exhibits a gender bias, with males receiving higher income accruals than females. In contrast, Nigeria's contributory pension scheme neglects the informal sector, unlike the UK's more inclusive approach. The study's implications suggest that collaboration between Nigeria and the UK can bridge the gaps in their pension schemes.
Research Implication: This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge by highlighting areas for improvement in Nigeria's pension scheme. The results provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders seeking to enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of pension systems.
Originality and Value: The comparative analysis offers a unique perspective on the strengths and weaknesses of each system, informing potential reforms. Ultimately, this study aims to promote dialogue and cooperation between Nigeria and the UK to develop more equitable and efficient pension schemes. By addressing these gaps, both countries can better ensure the financial security and well-being of their citizens in retirement
USING AI SYSTEMS IN JUDICIAL WORK (INVESTIGATION, EVIDENCE AND LEGAL RESEARCH)
No full textObjective: The purpose of this study is to examine [the extent to which the use of in the legal fields, especially in the fields of investigation and evidence, both civil and criminal, in the face of important technological development].
Theoretical Framework: In this topic, the meaning of artificial intelligence, its characteristics, and the explaination of some concepts related to machine learning, expert systems, genetic fingerprinting, brain fingerprinting, etc.], providing a solid foundation for understanding the context of AI research
Method: The study was divided into [four main elements related to: Areas of application of artificial intelligence in investigation, as well as in judicial evidence, and finally the risks of using artificial intelligence in legal research.Through a descriptive and analytical study, based on the tool of content analysis of legal texts contained in the Algerian Code of Criminal Procedure and the Algerian Family Code, and by observing the means available to the scientific. The means available to the scientific police apparatus through various practices, which the objective is research and ivestigation etc.]
Results and Discussion: The results obtained showed [AI's superior ability to avoid imbalances that a normal human may fall into as a result of forgetfulness, stupor, or incapacity, as well as the ability of the robot to work and be present in dangerous and harsh places where humans cannot go without pushing themselves into danger. Thus, working for long periods of time without being tired, respecting the commands given to him and without objection compared to humans.
Research Implications: The use of AI in judicial work is not without risks, as a result of the exageration in reliance on its systems, which may lead to falsify some facts, which reflects negatively on the balance of justice. All this may jeopardize the rights and safety of individuals. Moreover, it undermines human opportunities to get a job and leads to high rates of unemployment, which leads to delinquency and crime as a means of providing decent livelihoods, as well as enabling users and supervisors of this intelligence to achieve their goals easily and without accountability. To avoid these imbalances, it is necessary to tighten supervision and activate the accountability of designers, suppliers, procurement, developers, administrators and evaluators of AI systems and the technology itself the moral responsibility and legal liability for decisions and actions that may lead to potential risks and negative impacts on individuals and societies, and the use of AI should be limited to areas that benefit citizens without excess and should not deceive people or unduly jeopardize their freedom. The identity of those using AI should be predetermined, so that the designers, developers and the people who implement the AI system are identifiable and take responsibility for their use of intelligent systems and their negative effects, even if it is unintentional [in all areas of judicial work where technology is involved], [to preserve the public interest, protection of rights and freedoms, and justice.]
Originality/Value: This study contributes by [highlighting the novelty of using artificial intelligence systems in judicial work in Algeria and encouraging its development to keep pace with developments around the world]. The importance and value of this research is evident by identifying many areas of judicial work that have not yet been reached by the use of AI systems despite the urgent need for this
CONSTITUTIONAL PROTECTION OF THE RIGHT TO HEALTH
No full textPurpose: This study aims to explore the constitutional protection of the right to health in Algeria, emphasizing its enshrinement within national constitutions and oversight by the constitutional court.
Methodology: Utilizing an analytical and descriptive approach, this research examines the constitutional texts and legislative measures relevant to the right to health, focusing on their evolution and current implementations.
Results: The analysis reveals that while the Algerian constitution integrates the right to health with other fundamental rights, such as access to drinking water and a clean environment, the practical availability of these rights is hindered without the state's active provision of necessary resources.
Practical Implications: This study underscores the necessity for proactive state intervention in actualizing the right to health, advocating for a comprehensive legal framework that ensures access to healthcare irrespective of individuals' financial capabilities.
Originality/Value: This research contributes to the academic discourse on constitutional law by highlighting the dynamic interplay between constitutional mandates and the practical enforcement of the right to health, offering insights into the essential role of constitutional courts in safeguarding human rights within a legal framework
BLUE ECONOMY ON THE COASTAL JAKARTA: PINDANG INNOVATION AS AN EFFORT TO IMPLEMENT THE SDGS IN BABAT VILLAGE, TANGERANG
No full textPurpose: This research aims to explore the application of blue economy principles in the pindang industry in Babat Village, Tangerang Regency, as an effort to support the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The research focuses on identifying the challenges, opportunities, and innovations needed to transform this traditional industry into a sustainable and competitive sector.
Theoretical Framework: This research is based on the concepts of blue economy theory and sustainable development, focusing on the intersection between local economic activities and these principles. The principles of circular economy, resource efficiency, and SDGs-oriented practices are applied, especially in the small-scale fisheries sector and the traditional food industry.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This study uses a case study approach, with data collection through semi-structured interviews, participatory observation, document analysis, and literature review. Thematic analysis is used to identify patterns and themes related to the production process, environmental impact, and economic potential of the pindang industry.
Findings: This research found that the pindang industry in Babat Village has great potential for innovation and sustainability. Key findings include the need for technological updates, better waste management, and product diversification to improve efficiency and reduce environmental impact. These changes support the achievement of SDG 12 (responsible consumption and production), SDG 14 (underwater life), and SDG 8 (decent work and economic growth).
Research Implications: This research contributes to the literature on the application of the blue economy in small-scale industries, highlighting the role of local innovation in achieving the SDGs. This research provides insights for academics and policymakers on the importance of integrating sustainability principles in traditional industries.
Practical Implications: The research offers practical recommendations for stakeholders, including governments, industry players, and local communities, to collaborate on sustainable innovation. The recommendations include the adoption of green technologies, improved market access, and capacity building through training and education.
Social Implications: The transformation of the pindang industry not only supports environmental sustainability, but also improves the welfare of coastal communities. By integrating inclusive practices, the industry can become a model for other traditional sectors in coastal areas with similar conditions.
Originality/Value: The study provides a unique perspective on the intersection between traditional food industries and blue economy principles, emphasizing local strategies to address global challenges. The focus on the pindang industry, which is often overlooked in sustainability discussions, adds value to the broader conversation regarding sustainable fisheries and local economic development
USO DIDÁCTICO DE LAS TIC EN LA APROPIACIÓN DEL CONOCIMIENTO PARA EFICIENTIZAR LA EDUCACIÓN MEDIA
No full textObjetivo: Analizar el uso didáctico de las tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC) que hacen los jóvenes de una escuela secundaria pública, para facilitar el aprendizaje de sus contenidos.
Marco Teórico: La integración de las TIC en la educación es considerada hoy día, como fundamental para mejorar e innovar los procesos de enseñanza – aprendizaje. Sobre su uso en el aula, sus ventajas e inconvenientes mucho se ha escrito y es un debate que aún sigue abierto, actualmente cada vez se dispone de más recursos y dispositivos para su utilización en la enseñanza, sin embargo, debe hacerse con un objetivo didáctico para que realmente se pueda lograr la competencia que se requiere del estudiante.
Método: Se abordó desde la perspectiva cuantitativa, utilizando a la encuesta como técnica de investigación, el instrumento fue un cuestionario aplicado a una muestra de 60 estudiantes que permitió analizar el uso de la tecnología en las aulas con fines académicos para eficientizar la enseñanza.
Resultados y discusión: Se observa que los jóvenes utilizan de manera frecuente las tecnologías en su vida cotidiana, pero desconocen su uso para cuestiones escolares lo que permite concluir que desconocen el uso didáctico de la tecnología.
Implicaciones de la investigación: Es una investigación básica, que tiene una implicación práctica en el campo de la educación al trasladar los resultados y propuestas que favorezcan la enseñanza en instituciones públicas de zonas vulnerables.
Originalidad/Valor: Se ofrece un panorama sobre las ventajas del uso didáctico de las TIC y la necesidad del profesorado de capacitarse para atender a los estudiantes de acuerdo con su contexto y necesidades