Journal of Law and Sustainable Development
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REFUGEES AS PAWNS IN LARGER CONFLICTS: EXPLORING WEAK STATES’ COERCIVE MIGRATION DIPLOMACY
No full textIntroduction: The study explores weak states’ refugees employment as pawns during sour relationship.
Objectives: The study is relevant because of Russian’s 2022 invasion and ongoing attack on Ukraine; which creates global refugees. Refugees emergence make weak states’ become powerhouse for peace and security in the sub-region.
Theoretical framework: Grounded in realism foreign policy theory, migration cooperation and coercive migration diplomacy to explore weak states’ refugee employments as weapon during bilateral disagreements.
Methods: The study adopts literature review otherwise knowns as a ‘meta study’.
Results and Discussion: The findings reveal that weak state’s just as like humankind wants to control politically and economically usually adopt cooperative migration which ensures mutual benefits and refugees are hosted for peace and security. During bilateral disagreements refugees are employed as weapons through coercive migration diplomacy namely: deportation or expulsion threats, deportability threats, short-term permit renewal, and harassment but (in)directly to sending nations. Coercive migration diplomacy derives zero-sum games to state that adopts it. Further, state’s desire to survive and dominate trigger them to find means to amass global wealth. State’s self-help enhances their reluctance to trust others. Hence, border constructions, military and naval bases establishment to prevent migrants and guerrilla infiltrators entry.
Research Implications: I argue that in globalisation era nations are relevant to each other. So, nations irrespective of being geopolitical, superpowers, non-geopolitical, and weak states can employ ‘anything’ as weapons to achieve their goals.
Originality: I recommend that nations need to cooperate to enhance mutual benefits rather than desire to dominate globally. Implementation of this recommendation would curb misunderstandings, and peace needed by humankind will flourish instead conflicts among nations
LOS OBJETIVOS DE DESARROLLO SOTENIBLE EN LA INDUSTRIA DEL FAST FASHION: EL CASO DE INDITEX
No full textObjetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es examinar el cumplimiento de los ODS en el caso específico de Inditex, una empresa multinacional española que se ha convertido en el primer distribuidor de Fast Fashion del mundo.
Marco Teórico: El sector del fast fashion se ha impuesto en la hegemonía de la industria textil, que es la segunda más contaminante del planeta. La hipótesis principal es la siguiente: Inditex está llevando a cabo proyectos de cambio para adaptarse a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible.
Método: La metodología que se ha llevado a cabo ha sido cualitativa y se han empleado fuentes tanto primarias como secundarias. Se han confrontado informes emitidos por Inditex y las principales metas de dichos objetivos.
Resultados y Discusión: Los resultados obtenidos han sido: la industria textil y en especial del fast fashion, es una de las más importantes para conseguir un planeta sostenible y es crucial su participación en los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible.
Implicaciones de la investigación: Se discuten las implicaciones prácticas y teóricas de esta investigación, proporcionando información sobre cómo los resultados pueden aplicarse o influir en las prácticas en el campo de la moda y textil.
Originalidad/Valor: Este estudio contribuye a la literatura a conocer empresas a modo de ejemplo de cambio por el desarrollo sostenible
IMPLEMENTATION OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AS A STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY TO ACCELERATE INDONESIA'S HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT FACING THE DEMOGRAPHIC BONUS
No full textObjective: This study aims to investigate the implementation and obstacles during the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) by companies in Indonesia, which is used as a strategy to build Indonesian Human Resources to face the demographic bonus.
Theoretical Framework: In this topic, the main concepts and theories underpinning the research are the concept and implementation of corporate social responsibility as part of sustainable business.
Method: This research adopted a normative legal method using secondary data. The research data mainly consists of primary and secondary legal sources. Data were obtained using literature research. Analysis was conducted using a qualitative approach.
Results and Discussion: The results show that implementing corporate social responsibility aligns with the demographic bonus. CSR can be a solution to improving the quality of human resources. The right CSR program will undoubtedly enhance this quality, mainly when it is used to build Indonesian Human Resources to face the demographic bonus.
Research Implications: The right concept and implementation of CSR benefit the company and all its stakeholders and can deliver sustainable growth.
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by providing a good understanding of CSR and its implementation for sustainable development as part of the strategy to build Indonesian Human Resources to face the demographic bonus
BEYOND BOARDING: THE INTERSECTION OF SECURITY AND COMFORT IN THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION ERA
No full textObjectives: This study explores how Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) enhance airport security while improving passenger experience. It investigates how these technologies personalize services, optimize operations, and mitigate security risks, aiming for a synergistic integration of both dimensions.
Theoretical Framework: Grounded in digital transformation literature, this study examines the application of Big Data and AI in aviation. Previous research highlights their role in streamlining security procedures and improving efficiency while addressing challenges related to privacy, passenger acceptance, and regulatory compliance.
Method: A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining a literature review and an online survey assessing passengers’ perceptions of Big Data and AI in security, experience, and technological priorities. Statistical analysis identified trends in acceptance and concerns.
Results and Discussion: Findings indicate increasing acceptance of digital technologies, especially among frequent travelers. Most respondents believe AI and Big Data can improve security without compromising comfort. However, privacy concerns emerged as a major challenge (56%), highlighting the need for transparent data protection measures. Queue management and security threat prevention were the most valued applications.
Research Implications: This study provides insights for airport management and policymakers, emphasizing the balance between security and passenger satisfaction in technology adoption.
Originality/Value: Unlike prior studies focusing solely on security or efficiency, this research integrates both perspectives, offering empirical data on passenger perceptions and reinforcing the importance of ethical, strategic AI and Big Data implementation in airports
THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD TO HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT IN NIGERIA: AN APPRAISAL
No full textObjective of Study: The aim of this study is to investigate the fundamental rights of children to healthy environment. It examined the legal frameworks that provide for their protection and analysed factors that exacerbate violates child’s right to healthy environment.
Method: The study employed doctrinal method of legal research which include the use of textbooks, journals and internet materials. The methodology is comparative and analytic in scope.
Theoretical Framework: Jonatham Porritt, avers that children’s right is inextricably linked to environmental health and noted that children are disproportionately vulnerable to environmental hazards due to their developing physiology and inability to protect themselves. While, Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development emphasizes the role of environment in shaping children’s thinking and understanding of the world. Uri Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory emphasizes the interconnectedness of different environmental system in shaping children’s development. Furthermore, Montessor’s educational philosophy emphasizes the importance of a prepared environment in supporting children’s self directed learning and development. Pradip Kumar Maurya focuses on the human and natural causes of environmental degradation, its consequences and potential mitigation strategies emphasizing the need for sustainable practices.
Result: The study confirms that despite plethora of laws on the protection of children from unhealthy environment, many still suffer due to lapses in our legal frame work. Consequently, the work recommends for more proactive measures in enforcing environmental health rights, which include, holistic action such as collaboration of civil societies and Government for the protection and enjoyment of their environmental rights
VIABILIDAD DE UN MUSEO ARQUEOLÓGICO PARA EL IMPULSO DEL DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE EN LA LOCALIDAD DE CHIRIJE
No full textObjetivo: Analizar la viabilidad de un museo arqueológico para impulsar el desarrollo sostenible en la localidad de Chirije.
Marco Teórico: Se fundamenta en teorías del desarrollo sostenible, arqueología y turismo cultural, resaltando la relevancia del patrimonio cultural como herramienta para el progreso comunitario.Método: Enfoque mixto, con métodos descriptivos, exploratorios y correlacionales. Se aplicaron encuestas y entrevistas a una muestra de 191 personas entre habitantes y miembros de la comunidad cultural.
Resultados y Discusión: El estudio mostró amplio respaldo de la comunidad hacia el proyecto, aunque se identificaron barreras como falta de infraestructura y recursos. La implementación del museo puede generar empleo, educación y conservación del patrimonio.
Implicaciones de la Investigación: El proyecto serviría como base para políticas públicas y estrategias turísticas sostenibles.
Originalidad/Valor: Esta investigación aporta una visión integral de cómo un museo puede ser motor de desarrollo local desde una perspectiva de sostenibilidad y cultura
CLASSIFICATION OF NATURAL MONUMENTS OF ARMENIA
No full textObjectives: The objective of the study is to develop unified principles for classifying natural monuments using the territory of Armenia as an example.
Theoretical basis: A historical review of the definitions of the term "natural monument" and its various classifications is provided. This serves as a reliable theoretical basis for the study.
Method: The methodology is based on the analysis of genetic features of the formation of natural monuments. The validity of the method is proven by the heterogeneity of the formation of basins of some lakes.
Results and discussion: The definition of "natural monument" has been clarified. In addition to uniqueness and value, such criteria as immobility or low mobility, small size and occurrence in situ are also taken into account. It is proposed to divide living natural monuments into botanical and zoogeomorphological, and geological monuments into 6 categories according to genetic characteristics: exogenous-geomorphological, tectonic, stratigraphic-paleontological, magmatogenic-volcanogenic, hydrogeological and geological-historical.
Conclusions of the study: The clarification of the term and a new genetic classification of geological monuments of Armenia can further contribute to the development of a more advanced model worldwide, improvement of the legislative framework for their protection, inclusion of some monuments of Armenia in the UNESCO World Heritage List and development of tourism for the sustainable development of Armenia.
Uniqueness/Value: The proposed genetic classification is fundamentally different from other known models. The clarification of the territorial dimensions of natural monuments of Armenia is given for the first time
USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO IMPROVE THE MARKETING OF GREEN OFFERS AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SERVICES
No full textObjective: To determine the contribution of artificial intelligence in bringing about radical transformations in the marketing of sustainable energy services and green offerings.
Theoretical Framework: The study explores how AI helps address challenges in green energy marketing. It then examines successful applications across various market sectors. Finally, it offers guidelines for ethical and environmentally responsible AI use. The goal is to align sustainability marketing with broader environmental objectives.
Method: This study adopted an inductive methodology, employing a descriptive-analytical approach to examine concepts related to artificial intelligence, the marketing of green offers and sustainable energy services. It draws on interdisciplinary research from marketing science, environmental psychology, and computer science to develop actionable insights for practitioners and policymakers
Results and Discussion: This study concludes that AI presents both a major opportunity and responsibility in sustainable energy marketing. When well-designed, AI can drive the transition to green energy. Its success depends on more than just technological efficiency. Environmental impact, social equity, and long-term goals must also be considered. A holistic and responsible approach is essential.
Research Implications: The While artificial intelligence technologies have proven effective in reducing energy waste in marketing processes, they also present significant environmental challenges. Notably, the training of large-scale AI models can be highly energy-intensive, with emissions reaching up to 552 tons of carbon dioxide—raising concerns about the sustainability of AI-driven marketing practices.
Originality/Value: Future progress relies on overcoming key challenges, notably the creation of standardized metrics to evaluate AI’s sustainability impact. Bridging research gaps in cross-cultural effectiveness is also essential. Inclusive solutions must address diverse population needs. Industry success requires supportive, responsible, and forward-thinking policies
DIGITALIZATION OF LAND CERTIFICATES AND THE IMPERATIVE OF JUSTICE IN THE CONTEXT OF SDGS: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF INDONESIA'S LAND REGISTRATION SYSTEM
No full textObjective: This study aims to analyze the impact of land certificate digitalization in Indonesia on distributive, procedural, and retributive justice, and its alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It seeks to identify challenges and opportunities in creating an inclusive and equitable digital land administration system. The research also provides policy and technological recommendations to support justice-oriented digital transformation.
Theoretical Framework: integrates principles of social justice—distributive, procedural, and retributive—with the Land Administration 4.0 paradigm, which emphasizes sustainability, interoperability, and human-centricity. This hybrid framework allows for a nuanced evaluation of how digitalization affects different societal groups and contributes to or hinders the achievement of SDGs.
Method: A systematic literature review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines, drawing from academic databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The analysis employed thematic coding to identify patterns and gaps in existing literature, focusing on publications between 2015 and 2025 relevant to Indonesia.
Results and Discussion: Results indicate that digitalization improves transparency and efficiency but exacerbates inequalities due to the urban-rural digital divide, gender disparities, and socioeconomic barriers. Discussion highlights the need for advanced technologies like 3D Cadastre and Blockchain to resolve boundary disputes and enhance transparency, while emphasizing the importance of digital literacy and inclusive design.
Research Implications: Underscore the urgency of adopting a human-centric approach to digitalization, investing in social infrastructure such as digital education and legal aid. The study offers actionable recommendations for policymakers to ensure that digital transformation promotes justice and supports SDGs.
Originality/Value: Lies in its integrative justice-technology framework, which connects land administration digitalization with broader SDG targets. It provides a comprehensive, context-specific analysis of Indonesia’s land registration system, filling a critical gap in literature at the intersection of agrarian law, digital governance, and social justice
LEGAL SOLUTIONS ON PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION FOR ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS: IN DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN VIETNAM
No full textAbstract: Digital transformation is a key driver in modern healthcare systems. In Vietnam, transitioning from paper-based to electronic health records (EHR) offers improved efficiency and quality in healthcare services. However, safeguarding personal data within EHRs is paramount due to the sensitivity of the information involved. This paper explores the existing legal framework on personal data protection for EHRs in Vietnam, identifies critical gaps, and provides actionable recommendations for enhancing legal mechanisms. The study underscores the necessity of a comprehensive law on personal data protection and the development of uniform standards and enforcement mechanisms.
Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the legal framework for personal data protection in electronic health records (EHRs) within the context of Vietnam's digital transformation. The aim is to identify existing gaps and propose actionable solutions to enhance data protection and foster trust in digital healthcare.
Theoretical Framework: This research draws on concepts from data protection regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and relevant Vietnamese legal texts, including Decree No. 13/2023/ND-CP. These frameworks provide a basis for analyzing the current state of personal data protection and its implications for healthcare.
Method: The study adopts a qualitative approach, using document analysis and comparative methodologies. Primary sources include Vietnamese legal documents, international standards, and case studies. We incorporated insights from legal experts and healthcare practitioners to contextualize findings.
Results and Discussion: The analysis reveals significant gaps in Vietnam's legal framework, including the absence of a comprehensive data protection law, inconsistent standards for EHR data processing, and insufficient sanctions for violations. Recommendations include enacting a unified law, establishing standardized practices, and enhancing public awareness. Discussion highlights the alignment of these proposals with international best practices and their potential to strengthen trust in EHR systems.
Research Implications: Findings underscore the need for a robust legal framework to safeguard sensitive personal data in healthcare. Practical implications include improved regulatory consistency and greater public confidence in digital health initiatives.
Originality/Value: This study contributes by providing a structured evaluation of Vietnam’s data protection mechanisms in EHRs, offering innovative solutions tailored to local challenges while incorporating global insights