Journal of Law and Sustainable Development
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FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA
No full textObjective: This study examined the impact of financial intermediation on economic growth in Nigeria. The study employed secondary data obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin from year 1987 to 2020.
Method: The independent variable – Financial intermediation was proxied by credit to private sector, broad money supply, lending rate, market capitalization and total value of shares traded while the dependent variable – Economic growth was proxied by gross domestic product and per capital income. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL)/Bound testing to co-integration was used to establish the short run and long-run dynamic impact of financial intermediary on economic growth in Nigeria.
Results: The study revealed a high speed of adjustment in the short run (Cointeq(-1) = (-0.9995; -0.981099) for the two models respectively. Similarly, for the GDP model, the study revealed that in the long run, credit to private sector (β1 = 0.0121); market capitalization (β4 = 0.05423) and total volume of shares traded (β5 = 1.62669) all established positively significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria at 5% significance level except broad money supply (β2 = - 0.00511) and lending rates (β3 = - 0.14194) which established negatively significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria at 5% significance level. However, for the PCI model, the study revealed that in the long run, credit to private sector (β1 = 0.002216); market capitalization (β4 = 0.095095) and total volume of shares traded (β5 = 1.915620) all established positively significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria at 5% significance level except broad money supply (β2 = -0.008476) and lending rates (β3 = -0.313843) which established negatively significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria at 5% significance level.
Conclusion: The study therefore, recommends that management of banks should be encouraged to pursue policies that will deepen the efficient allocation of financial services for economic growth in Nigeria
ABOUT ONE INNOVATION NUMERICAL METHOD FOR SOLVING ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF HIGHER ORDERS
No full textObjective: This study aims to explore the development of the Multistep Multiderivative Methods with constant coefficients and application that to solve.
Theoretical Framework: The numerical solution of initial value problem for the ODEs of high order was taken as the solution of the initial-value problem for the ODEs of the first order, which has been illustrated by using a simple model problem. Here have, constructed the innovative method, which applies to solve some model problems for the illustration advantages of such methods. Here, basically made the connection between degree and order for the stable Multistep Multiderivative methods, which is usually called as the law for degree of the Multistep Methods with the constant coefficients.
Method: This study used the multistep Multiderivative Methods with the constant coefficients
Results and Discussion: Have investigated the Multistep Thirdderivativese Methods including Multistep second derivative methods. These methods have comparised in fully form and find a law to dermined the maximum accuracy for stable Multistep Multiderivative Methods
EVALUACIÓN DE LA GESTIÓN MUNICIPAL EN PERU: EL EFECTO DEL PRESUPUESTO POR RESULTADOS Y EL GOBIERNO ELECTRONICO
No full textObjetivo: El objetivo es evaluar el presupuesto por resultados y el gobierno electrónico, y su incidencia en la administración municipal en una provincia del Perú, 2024.
Marco Teórico: las teorías utilizadas para definir el presupuesto por resultados fueron dada por el Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas del Perú, mientras que la teoría para definir el gobierno electrónico fue dada por la Organización de Estados Americanos, y con respecto a la tercer variable denominada administración, se utilizó la teoría clásica propuesta por Fayo.
Método: investigación de tipo aplicada, diseño no experimental, nivel explicativo, con enfoque cuantitativo. Del total de población de 349 servidores públicos, se aplicó un muestreo aleatorio simple alcanzando 120 servidores públicos, a quienes se les administró un cuestionario validado y con una confiabilidad de 0.901.
Resultados y Discusión: Se obtuvo que la presupuestación basada en resultados y la gestión electrónica están teniendo un impacto significativo en la gestión esto se evidencia en el ajuste del modelo donde el chi-cuadrado es 76,993 y la significancia es 0.00, así como el coeficiente de Nagelkerke, fue de 0,591
Implicaciones de la investigación: través de este estudio se demostró que el presupuesto por resultados y gobierno electrónico inciden en la administración de municipios, en un 59,1%.
Originalidad/Valor: los resultados y conclusiones permitirán a los municipios, tener em cuenta criterios que le ayuden a mejorar el cumplimiento del presupuesto por resultados y el Gobierno electrónico
LEGAL LIABILITIES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: AN OVERVIEW
No full textObjective: The main objective of the paper is to study the need for Special Regulatory legislation for Technology especially Artificial intelligence (AI) as well as examine how AI and law work together. The paper evaluates the liability of AI when it violates Human Rights and Data Privacy. The paper evaluates how AI has created new possibilities and had posed challenges by interfering Human Rights and challenging Sustainable Development comparing the developments happening in European Union (EU) with countries like India. The paper also attempts to make the complex debate more comprehensible for those with no expertise in this area.
Method: The Comparative research approach was administered by highlighting the EU methods to tackle and address the AI liabilities. Analogy and review of the Product Liability Directive (PLD) which is proposed and published by European Union (EU) for an AI system liability and suggestions of National Institution for Transforming India (NITI) Aayog of India to attain Sustainable National Economic Development. The paper analyses from financial and lucrative perspective, what liability rules would curtail the financial damages and other harms caused by AI systems which affect Sustainable Development.
Results: The paper findings suggest that influence factor of AI applications should be included in existing Liability framework and must be consistently updated as AIs are characterised by unpredictability and independence. Both the EU and India NITI Aayog states that regulatory insight must be an ethical reinforcement for AI practice and hence ensure the sustainability of AI technologies.
Originality/Value: The recent government initiatives in EU and India are discussed with respect to the AI liability. The study provides positive insights of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology and its liabilities to achieve Economic Sustainable Development. The key findings of the paper highlight the importance of Salmond’s defined Tortious liability during British Era for AI technologies for protecting Human Rights and also achieve Sustain Development
BUSINESS STRATEGIES OF MUSLIM TRADERS IN THE MADINA RESTAURANT
No full textPurpose: This study aims to find out how the business strategy carried out by the Medina restaurant (depot) so that it still survives from generation to generation with the indicators of Rasulullah’s business strategy and general strategy.
Theoretical Reference: The principle of Muslim entrepreneur is reflected in the figure of Rasulullah SAW, according to Jusmaliani (2008: 15): 1.) Freedom 2.) Justice/moral, honest, and fair 3.) Good morals/polite and good behavior Islam justifies transactions in business, trade or buying and selling. However, people in carrying out their business or business are required to be in accordance with the rules that already exist in religion as the main goal is to obtain blessings from Allah SWT and His pleasure. Prioritizing morals for Muslim businessmen in running their business has been done and can be used as an example of Rasulullah SAW. The morals of Rasulullah SAW in doing business include (Farid: 2017: 15): a. Shidiq (Honest) b. Trust (responsibility) c. Not Cheating d. Keeping promises e. Generous (Freedom) f. Be patient g. forgiving h. Philanthrope 4.) Trading Transactions The business strategies that are commonly used and have also been carried out by Rasulullah SAW include (Rahayu, 2009a, 2009b: 51): 1.) Always introduce new products (differentiation) 2.) Creating a different product/positioning strategy (differentiation) 3.) Conduct market research (differentiation) Analyzing the market of course there is a process of assessing market research, segmentation, and market forecasts. The strategy that is usually used as a reference is a SWOT analysis, including: a. Strength b. Weaknesses c. Opportunity d. Threat 4.) Lower costs than competitors (low cost) 5.) Products with efficient cost (low cost) 6.) Improved coordination of various products (low cost) 7.) Optimization of production tools and facilities (low cost) 8.) Conduct cost analysis (low cost) 9.) Increased availability of work equipment (low cost) 10.) Focus on specific customers (focus strategy) 11.) Focus on certain products (focus strategy) 12.) Focus on certain market segments (focus strategy).
Method: This type of research is qualitative using case study methods and analysis. The primary data source of this study, with the main source being the owner of the Madinah depot, then the researchers used triangulation of other sources, namely from suppliers, employees, customers and finally the surrounding community. Data collection techniques through interviews and observations. Data analysis techniques are first reviewed, data reduction, checking the validity of the data and finally analyzing the data.
Results and Conclusion: Implications of research: Medina restaurant owners tend to use the business strategy carried out by Rasulullah SAW. The business that is carried out can survive because the founders involve the second generation and the second generation involves the third generation in doing business. There is an unintentional or planned knowledge transfer process that makes the Medina depot survive and still exist. Operating to date. In this study, it was also found that the first and second generations have other businesses outside the Medina depot business
Originality/value: he last finding in this study is the creation of loyalty from customers, this occurs when the first generation has loyalty to Allah SWT and fellow humans. This is a good thing that can be felt by the next generation
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GUARANTEES AND INCENTIVE REGULATIONS TO ENCOURAGE INVESTMENT IN ALGERIAN LEGISLATION
No full textObjectives: The Algerian state is betting on attracting foreign investments for their effective contribution to achieving economic development and resilience. The importance of this topic is highlighted by showcasing the efforts made by the state to encourage national and foreign investment by adapting its legislative frameworks in this area to make it work towards providing a more attractive investment environment to attract these investors.
Methods: To this end, laws regulating investment have been issued, which have undergone amendments, revisions, and cancellations during the economic reform phase. These legal changes establish legal guarantees and incentive systems to create a suitable business environment for Algeria's investment climate.
Results: We aim to address the most significant developments brought about by Investment Law No. 22-18, whether related to the guarantees or the incentive systems granted to both national and foreign investors.
Conclusion: In conclusion, we reached several findings, the most important of which is the Algerian legislator's adoption of a set of newly established guarantees and incentives for investment projects, and the organization of several advantages that the investment project benefits from within the incentive systems
LOS BENEFICIOS DE LA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA EN LA ATENCIÓN PRIMARIA DE SALUD
No full textObjetivo: Profundizar en los conocimientos obtenidos sobre los cambios que experimenta el envejecimiento celular, la obesidad, composición corporal, lipoproteínas (HDL y LDL colesterol) y consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2 Max) por la influencia del ejercicio físico en los adultos.
Método: Se revisaron artículos publicados sobre ejercicio físico y cambios morfológicos y funcionales en el adulto, que aparecen en Bases de datos como: Scopus, Medline, Elsevier, Latindex.
Resultados: Se exponen los resultados de investigaciones científicas con estudios de caso-control y ensayos clínicos controlados en mujeres y hombres, sanos, diabéticos y obesos para evaluar composición corporal y capacidad funcional; en las que se muestra las ventajas de la actividad física profiláctica y terapéutica para el mejoramiento del perfil morfológico y la capacidad cardiovascular. En las tablas y gráficos se muestra el comportamiento de diferentes variables antes y después de aplicado el programa de ejercicios, tales como, el % de grasa, masa muscular, IMC, lipoproteínas (HDL y LDL colesterol), presión arterial, gasto calórico y consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2 Max) con diferencias estadísticamente significativas P<0,001. Se muestran los factores que caracterizan a la calidad de vida, la interrelación entre ellos y la actividad física, proporcionando una longevidad con mejor capacidad física y funcional y mejor salud.
Conclusión: Se orienta la dosificación de los ejercicios que deben tenerse en cuenta para el desarrollo de capacidades físicas y funcionales
IS THE OIL AND GAS BLOCK POLICY IN IDONESIA EFFECTIVE? EMPIRICAL APPROACH BASED ON COMPANY RATING DEVELOPMENTS
No full textObjective: This study aims to identify the empirical influence of the assessment criteria for Indonesian oil and gas auctions on total oil and gas block production. The role of remaining concession time, contract policy and block size are considered.
Theoretical Framework: In this topic, the concepts and agency theories underlying the research are presented, providing a strong basis for understanding the context of the influence of oil and gas block policies in Indonesia.
Method: This research uses an exploratory quantitative approach. The research sample consisted of 157 petroleum and 140 natural gas blocks that had carried out production activities. Ordinary least square (OLS) regression used to empirically test the hypothesis.
Results and Discussion: The results show that the ranking of oil and gas companies has a significant positive effect on the productivity of blocks. Meanwhile, remaining concession time has a significant positive relationship only for the natural gas. This research also found a significant negative effect of the gross split contract on block production. Finally, it was found that company ranking had a positive and significant effect on production both in large and small blocks. However, the relationship between ranking and productivity is stronger and more consequential for large-scale blocks compared to small-scale blocks.
Research Implications: Contract policymakers need to review the gross split policy because it is not in line with the initial goal of increasing efficiency. The results clearly show that strict government policies can reduce agency costs while encouraging oil and gas production, however, this can hinder the competitiveness of the sector. The government does not need to give excessive priority to high-ranking companies in managing small-scale blocks in order to attract new investors.
Originality/Value: To the best of our knowledge, this research is the first study to develop a ranking method for oil and gas companies in Indonesia
THE GOA PROTOCOL AS A TOOL FOR IMPLEMENTING A MARKETING STRATEGY FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM
No full textObjective: This study examines the possibility of applying the Goa Protocol as a tool for implementing a marketing strategy for sustainable tourism development.
Theoretical Framework: The focus of the analysis is placed on the main factors for achieving the priorities of sustainable tourism, using the Goa Protocol as a tool for implementing the marketing strategy.
Method: The research methodology includes a fuzzy map, which includes five main priorities, enables the application of the model of sustainable tourism. These five priorities include: green tourism, digitization in tourism activities, inclusion of medium, small and micro enterprises in the implementation of tourism activities, which in turn will allow a more complete integration of tourism in the regional economy and improve the level of management of specific tourist destinations, as well as the acquisition of habits by ever wider segments of the population attracted to the activities of providing tourism products.
Results and Discussion: Tourists' interest in the process of transition to a sustainable form of tourism development requires a specific approach in marketing and sales promotion, and in particular in interaction with tourists. In such a relationship model, significant elements of the tourist product will not be "set" in advance, but will be based on the initiative of the tourists themselves.
In order to achieve sustainable tourism in general and in the implementation of the Goa Protocol, it is important to apply it through the lens of a marketing strategy. The concept of sustainable marketing is important, meaningful, applicable and realistically achievable, but in companies that really want to implement it and protect the interests of all stakeholders - consumers, business partners, society in general and nature, which actually distinguishes conventional from sustainable consideration of marketing.
Research Implications: Theoretical research shows that such a management model can be a networked, synergistic system that is more flexible and covers all subsystems of the tourism industry and can actually be used as a tool to apply marketing strategy for sustainable tourism management.
Originality/Value: Overall, the study offers a unique and valuable perspective on the use of a non-standard approach in the search for effective content marketing strategy to achieve sustainable tourism through the lens of the Goa Protocol
ALGORITHM FOR FINDING EXTREME POINTS OF CERTAIN CURVES
No full textObjective: Development of an algorithm for studying the extrema of a function in the polar coordinate system and its application for curve analysis.
Theoretical Framework: The study of curves was developed on the basis of the general theoretical foundations of mathematics, geometric problems, and tasks from mechanics, physics, natural sciences, and engineering. In the modern world, the study of curves brings significant benefits to many fields, particularly in construction and mechanical engineering.
Method: The main methods of research were analysis, synthesis and methods of mathematical analysis of the study using a derivative.
Results and Discussion: The research indicates the peculiarities of the concept of extremum in different coordinate systems. The coordinates of the curve point in the Cartesian coordinate system are defined as a function of φ. The extremum of these functions correspond to the extremum of the Cartesian coordinate system of this curve relative to the axis of the abscissa and ordinate.
Research implications: The paper presents an algorithm for the method of finding the extreme points of a curve in polar and Cartesian coordinate systems simultaneously. This allows you to find additional points for plotting curves using the analytical method.
Originality/Value: The curves are investigated as the functions in the polar system of coordinates