Journal of Law and Sustainable Development
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The Customary Law of the Communal Property and Sustainability in Coping with the Economic Impact of Covid-19 in Minangkabau Indigenous Peoples, Indonesia
Get PDFObjective: This paper explores the culture of the Minangkabau indigenous peoples, West Sumatra, Indonesia, in the customary law of communal property to ensure the economic sustainability of the communal members who face the economic impact of COVID-19. Our study focuses on implementing the cultural heritage of property management of the indigenous peoples of Minangkabau in West Sumatra, Indonesia. The cultural law of this Minangkabau ethnic can maintain access to land to ensure food security and economic sustainability for their communal members affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study type of the Minangkabau ethnic group in West Sumatra, Indonesia. We collected the data through informal interviews and observations of the nine families and their communal (clan) leaders as the main objects of the study. We interviewed 21 informants. We interviewed and observed exploring these nine families' experiences from January until October 2021.
Results: We discovered that the customary law of ganggam bauntuak property ownership and mamak leadership in communal settlements could ensure the economic sustainability of the members affected by COVID-19. Mutual support and the balance between management of communal ownership and democratic leadership enable communal members to maintain their economic sustainability during times of crisis.
Conclusion: This study concludes that customary law, shared property management, and leadership are essential keys to the economic sustainability of indigenous peoples during times of crisis
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENTIATED LEARNING USING PERSONALIZED APPROACH TO THE EMPLOYABILITY OF VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE ANIMATION STUDY PROGRAM
Get PDFObjective: The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of personalized differentiated learning in enhancing the employability of students enrolled in the animation study program at vocational schools. Currently, the transmission of subject matter and animation program training in vocational schools is conducted in a traditional and uniform manner. All students in a class receive the same instruction without considering their individual learning styles, talents, and interests. However, animation companies require specific skills from their employees, leading to a disconnect between the skills possessed by vocational school graduates and the demands of the job market. The vocational school curriculum focuses on the application of theoretical knowledge to practical animation production, which necessitates access to computer facilities. To address these challenges, differentiated learning using a personalized approach is proposed as a solution to enhance the employability of vocational school students in the animation field.
Method: To gather accurate and valid data for this study, the exposefacto quantitative method was utilized. This method ensured that the questions used and the descriptions of the material being taught were aligned with the objectives and content of the lesson (Patria et al., 2023). The research took place at SMKN 12 Surabaya, specifically targeting students enrolled in the animation study program. A sample size of 30 students from this program was included in the study. The main objective of the research was to evaluate how differentiated learning, implemented with a personalized approach, could enhance the employability of vocational high school students in the animation study program.
In this particular research design, a non-experimental approach is employed to examine the causal relationship between two variables, one being the dependent variable and the other being the independent variable. To collect data, a survey method is utilized, involving the administration of specific questions. The researcher employs an analytical technique known as structural equation models (SEM) to assess the impact of the relationship between these variables. The participants in this study consist of students enrolled in the animation study program at SMKN 12 Surabaya. They are divided into two groups: a control class that follows a traditional teaching method and an experimental class that adopts a personalized approach to differentiated learning. The data is derived from the completion of questionnaires distributed among the students in both classes.
Results: The percentage of students that are employable increased by 10.3% following the differentiation of learning methods with a personalized approach. When compared to the control class that only received the application of different learning that was not personalized, it increased by an average of 0.3%. It is possible to deduce that the utilization of personalized approaches in different educational methods is beneficial because it maximizes the students' employability. The results showed that the students who were taught with the differentiated approach had a higher percentage of employment than the controls. Additionally, students in the experimental group had a greater sense of motivation and participation in the educational process as a whole. Distinguished learning style with personalization is considered a method that can be employed to enhance the efficiency of learning in high schools that specialize in professions in order to create skills that are relevant to the industry.
Conclusions: Drawing from the findings of the research, one can reasonably deduce that: (1) The employability of students in animation study programs in vocational schools is positively impacted by the adoption of a personalized learning approach, (2) The effectiveness of students' employability is greatly impacted by differentiated learning, and (3) The integration of personalized learning and differentiated instruction yields superior outcomes in equipping Animation Study Program students with the necessary employability skills
Conflict Situation and Proposals for Resolving Customary Land Conflicts in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Get PDFObjective: This research aims to understand the causes of customary land tenure conflicts based on the implementation of the applicable agrarian reform legal system, identify the root of the problem, and find solutions.
Theoretical Framework: In addressing customary land conflicts, we employ Paul Wehr's guidelines, as endorsed by USAID, along with the insights provided by Qin et al. (2023), including Factors of History Conflict, Conflict context, Conflict parties, Issues, Dynamics, Alternative route to solution, Conflict regulation Potential, and Map Use. The use of maps is considered the crucial first step in conflict intervention.
Methods: This research method uses a qualitative approach supported by in-depth interviews with 27 informants. Key informants are selected using a purposive sampling technique. We conducted a field observation study to re-check the correct data by reducing bias during data collection and analysis. The research question is why land conflicts occur in the Besipae customary forest area, and what is the solution to the problem.
Results and Conclusions: Thematic analysis of in-depth interviews yielded eight themes, including land conflict as a fundamental issue, history of conflict, causes of land conflict, land acquisition, conflict cases, the impact of land conflict, agrarian reform, and conflict solutions. Analysis of observational studies revealed three key factors: communication, dissemination, and treatment of the psychiatric impact of conflict. Communication and dissemination factors play a key role in land conflicts because conflicts occur due to most people not knowing that their land will be used for road construction, oil palm plantations, dams, railway lines, tourism areas, and others. Land acquisition should be an open process and widely announced. The government and large companies can negotiate to buy community land at market prices, and the government finds new locations for evicted communities. Given that the 2018 presidential regulations have not been well disseminated, several agencies, institutions, and community groups lack understanding of the regulations' contents. Dissemination factors play an important role in avoiding land conflicts. Meanwhile, treatment of the psychiatric impact of the conflict was added to Wehr's guidelines, given that resolving conflict is not enough just by peace, but the impact it causes is very hard on the psychology, trauma, and stress in children.
Research Implications: This study presents themes that district, provincial, and national governments can utilize. The outcomes of this strategy can assist policymakers in promoting the successful resolution of land conflicts in the Besipae forest area.
Originality/Value: This research begins by utilizing the map of customary land conflicts, studying conflict factors based on history, observing conflict context, conflict parties, issues, conflict dynamics, alternative routes to solution, and conflict regulation potential. Utilizing the map is considered a crucial first step in effective conflict intervention, aiming to align the perceptions of all parties involved. The findings in the study area that include communication, dissemination, and treatment of the psychiatric impact of conflict need to be added to Paul Wehl's land conflict resolution guidelines, which can be applied to developing countries
The Influence of Salary on Employee Engagement with Organizations: the Case of Small and Medium Enterprises in Hanoi
Get PDFObjective: The study aimed to analyze the influence of salary on employee engagement with small and medium enterprises in Hanoi over the current period.
Method: The study used a pre-structured questionnaire to survey employees working for SMEs in Hanoi, with a sample size of 203. A linear structural model and Smart PLS software were used in analysis and testing to determine research hypotheses.
Results: Research results show that all five salary factors, including (i) basic salary, (ii) salary allowances, (iii) financial incentives, (iv) welfare, and (v) salary policy, have a positive effect on employee engagement with SMEs.
Conclusions: The structural model shows a significant relationship between salary and employee engagement with SMEs. The study provides policy recommendations to enhance employee engagement with SMEs
“Here” Collaborative Governance: Tourism Development Model of the Baduy Indigenous People in Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Several studies examine the development of indigenous cultural tourism. The number of tourists who visit every year makes the Baduy indigenous people experience cultural degradation. This research topic is important for the sustainability of the culture of indigenous peoples. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the orientation of the cultural values of the Baduy people and reconstruct the collaborative governance model based on the cultural values of the indigenous peoples. Collaborative governance in the development of indigenous peoples' tourism cannot be separated from the dimensions of cultural values.
Method: Research informants consist of village heads (Jaro pamarentah), traditional leaders (Jaro tangtu), Baduy indigenous people, and all stakeholders involved including government, private sector, academics, community organizations, and mass media. The research uses a qualitative approach whose data is processed using Atlas.ti software version 9.
Results: The cultural value orientation of the Baduy indigenous people is oriented towards nature conservation, preparing for future life, not discriminating against social class, and living together. All results of the orientation of cultural values are identified into several dimensions of cultural values, namely, Harmony (H), Egalitarianism (E), Readiness (R), and Embeddedness (E) or researchers call it cultural values "HERE" which is then used to reconstruct the collaborative governance model.
Conclusion: This study contributes to the development of indigenous peoples' tourism through collaborative governance efforts based on HERE cultural values
Consumer Class Action in Taiwan And Experiences to Improve Access to Justice in Vietnam Consumer Litigation
Get PDFPurpose: This research aims to explore the class action mechanism of Taiwan law from theory to practice and analyzes issues of existing ways of claiming damages in Vietnamese consumer litigation, thereby answering the question of whether there is a need to set up a comprehensive system of class action as an additional tool to increase the effectiveness of consumer litigation in Vietnam.
Method: The study uses research methods such as legislative text analysis, comparative law, and case studies.
Conclusion: Consumers can protect themselves by being given more procedural choices, which is the ultimate goal that eventually should be reached to solve existing problems objectively and subjectively in Vietnam consumer litigation. Class action can be an effective tool to enable consumers to exercise their rights and access to justice. However, it is necessary to carefully consider whether the collective lawsuit model is appropriate and feasible with Vietnam's existing legal system and legal cultural characteristics
The Authority of the District/City Government Related to The Utilization of Geothermal Energy According to Article 156 of Law Number 11 of 2006 Concerning the Government of Aceh
Get PDFObjective: This research examines the Authority of Regency /City Governments related to Geothermal Energy Utilization based on Law No. 11/2006 on the Government of Aceh. Geothermal utilization can help the government program for clean energy utilization, considering that geothermal is a form of renewable energy that produces few greenhouse gas emissions and can maintain national energy stability and security. Based on the provisions of Article 156 of Law No. 11/2006 on the Government of Aceh which regulates the management of natural resources, district/city governments have the authority to manage natural resources in Aceh both on land and at sea, including geothermal energy. However, this authority has not been exercised by the district/city in the utilization of geothermal energy in Aceh. This article aims to determine and analyze the authority of the district/city government in utilizing geothermal energy based on Article 156 of the LoGA the Government of Aceh. This article aims to discuss and analyze the authority of the Regency / City Government in the utilization of geothermal energy sources based on Article 156 of Law No. 11/2006 concerning the Government of Aceh.
Methodology: This research uses a juridical sociological approach which aims to obtain field data as primary data in analyzing the law and looking more deeply at the effectiveness of law in society. This research is supported by primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained by conducting field research in several districts (Central Aceh District and Aceh Besar District). While secondary data is obtained by searching the literature and regulations related to the focus of the research, data collection techniques are carried out through structured interviews with the parties involved in this study.
Result and Conlusion: The authority contained in Article 156 of the LoGA has not been exercised by the district/city government in utilizing geothermal energy in Aceh, this is due to regulations issued by the central government regarding the utilization of geothermal energy in the region. Thus, it is necessary to regulate in the form of Qanun Aceh and District/ City Qanun in utilizing geothermal energy in Aceh
CONSUMERS’ BEHAVIOUR AND THEIR WILLINGNESS TO ACCEPT GREEN PACKAGING: A CASE STUDY IN VIETNAM
Get PDFObjectives: This study specifically focuses on examining customers' purchasing behaviour and their acceptance of green packaging as a replacement for single-use plastic bags.
Method: The data used in this study are primary, including survey data obtained from the respondents. We designed a questionnaire related to examining customers' purchasing behaviour and their acceptance of green packaging. We determined the observed variables (scales) of examining customers' purchasing behaviour and their acceptance of green packaging based on previous studies. Structural Equation Modelling and Willingness to Accept models were utilised to achieve the study's objectives.
Results: The results demonstrate that personal attitude statistically significantly influences respondents' purchasing behaviour. Moreover, the findings indicate that the expenditure level and the types of green packaging have an impact on the respondents' willingness to accept green packaging as a substitute for single-use plastic bags.
Conclusions: This article is an academic contribution that enables understanding of customers' purchasing behaviour and their acceptance of green packaging. To promote the use of green packaging, it is crucial for business planners to prioritise obtaining and maintaining necessary certifications for their green products. It is imperative for policy-makers to actively assume a crucial role in promoting the adoption of green packaging through official government channels, public institutions, and targeted communication campaigns
The Relationship Between Financial Stability and Credit Supply: Evidence from Iraq
Get PDFObjective: The study aims to investigate the impact of bank credit on financial stability in the Iraqi economy and to reveal trends in bank credit in the Iraqi economy.
Method: We use the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and the Granger causality to assess the role of bank credit in strengthening financial stability in the Iraqi economy for the period 2006 to 2021.
Result: We provide evidence on the presence of a long-term relationship between bank supply and all indicators of financial stability. In the short term, a positive association is documented between bank credit and capital adequacy ratio.
Conclusion: Several conclusions could be drawn from our analysis of the evolution of bank credit and financial stability indicators, as well as from our empirical investigation of the relationship between them. The bank credit has been steadily increasing from 2006 to 2021. The capital adequacy ratio (CAR) was very high over the period 2006-2021, exceeding the standard ratio set by the Central Bank of Iraq, which is 12%. This reflects the soundness of the banking system in Iraq. However, the return on equity declined from 27.1% in 2010 to 5.15% at the end of the study period in 2021. Using the VECM model and Granger causality, we provide evidence that bank credit affects financial stability through multiple channels. Thus, the Iraqi central bank should use the tool of credit supply to enhance financial stability
The Existence of Criminal Fine and Payment of Replacement Money in Enforcing Corruption Criminal Laws in the Corruption Court in Kupang, Indonesia
Get PDFObjectives: The primary objectives of this research are to identify and address the factors hindering the effective implementation of criminal fines and compensation payments in the context of combating corruption. Specifically, the research aims to identify obstacles to the enforcement of criminal fines and compensation payments in combating corruption, optimize criminal sanctions related to fines and compensation payments to contribute to the restitution of state finances, and propose a more balanced approach to punishment, particularly concerning fines with subsidiary imprisonment and compensation payments in the fight against corruption.
Methods: The research employs both normative legal research methods and empirical legal research. The data sources and legal materials form the basis for descriptive juridical analysis within the jurisdiction of the NTT High Prosecutor's Office.
Results: The research findings reveal several significant issues hindering the effective enforcement of criminal fines and compensation payments in corruption cases. Key results include defendants/convicts of corruption often opt for alternative penalties rather than paying fines or compensation, leading to related problems. Challenges surrounding the payment of compensation include unclear purposes, complexity in calculation, dualism in imposing the crime, misinterpretation of substitute prison sentences, disparities in sentence lengths, and suboptimal confiscation policies. Despite facultative punishment patterns, there are persistent arrears in criminal fines and compensation payments, amounting to significant sums, indicating ineffective implementation.
Conclusion: The system of criminal penalties for fines and compensation payments outlined in corruption laws has not been effectively implemented. To address this, it is imperative for convicts to actively engage in repayment efforts throughout the law enforcement process. Additionally, reforms are needed to streamline procedures, clarify purposes, and ensure consistency in the imposition and execution of penalties, ultimately enhancing the efficacy of anti-corruption measures