Journal of Law and Sustainable Development
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Juridical Study of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) for Plant Variety Protection (PVP) in Improving Agribusiness Competitiveness to Support the Sustainability of Indonesia's Economic Development
Get PDFPurpose: This research aims to examine IPR protection for plant varieties through the regulation of the Patent Law and the PVP Law and formulate an appropriate legal regime to increase agribusiness competitiveness to support sustainable economic development. This research provides solutions for breeders and inventors as well as the government for the weaknesses of the Patent Law and PVP Law in addition to formulating the right IPR legal regime.
Design/methodology/data analysis: The research method uses normative juridical. Researchers analyzed through secondary data, comparative law methods, and historical juridical IPR theories. Researchers construct the formulation of an appropriate IPR regime system.
Findings: Researchers formulate that the PVP Law is an IPR regime system that is more appropriate than the Patent Law to improve agribusiness competitiveness. The PVP Law can accommodate the characteristics of plant varieties, the value of traditional knowledge, and farmer exceptions. However, a new legal regime system related to traditional knowledge that can accommodate special matters is needed.
Originality/value: No one has examined the improvement of the IPR regime system and the establishment of a new legal regime related to "traditional knowledge" to improve agribusiness competitiveness to support sustainable economic development.
Practical implications: The government needs to reassess the PVP Law, among others: (1) need to accommodate protection arrangements related to "processes," (2) affirmation of the time limit for the protection of traditional knowledge, (3) enforcement of security and environmental sustainability, (4) authority to grant compulsory licenses. In addition, it is necessary to develop new types of laws related to the protection of traditional knowledge. This research can be applied in other countries that have the same characteristics as Indonesia
A Comprehensive Examination of International and National Approaches to Counterterrorism: Emphasis on the Indonesian Context
Get PDFPurpose: This research explores the extent to which national laws can respond effectively to local dynamics and how these legal frameworks adapt to changing threats of terrorism. This research examines how the justice system handles terrorism cases, taking into account justice and security. An in-depth analysis of the sentences given to perpetrators of terrorism and the judicial processes carried out will provide insight into the extent to which justice is upheld in the handling of terrorism cases.
Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework of this research is divided into several main dimensions which include the role of international law, national law, and the legal system in responding to the threat of terrorism. This analysis is expected to provide in-depth and comprehensive insight into the effectiveness of legal approaches in the context of preventing and countering terrorism.
Design/methodology/approach: This research comprehensively investigates the crucial role of international and national law, as well as related legal systems, in efforts to prevent, overcome, and enforce the law against terrorism, with a special emphasis on the Indonesian context. Using a normative approach supported by empirical data, this research outlines the effectiveness of this legal approach, provides in-depth insight into its complexity, and reveals that international law plays a central role in responding to the threat of global terrorism.
Findings: The balance between strict sanctions and a fair judicial process is recognized as a crucial element, while Law no. 9 of 2013 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Criminal Acts of Terrorist Financing is considered a significant instrument in tackling terrorist financing. This research also emphasizes the importance of maintaining a balance between security and human rights to ensure that law enforcement actions remain in line with human rights principles.
Research, Practical & Social implications: Theoretical implications include an emphasis on the importance of striking a balance between strict punishment and a fair trial process. This could provide new insights into developing a theory of terrorism punishment that respects individual rights and principles of justice. The practical implications of this research include the potential influence on the formulation of terrorism prevention policies at the national level. Further understanding of the effectiveness of legal instruments, such as anti-terrorism laws, can assist law enforcement and policymakers in decision-making.
Originality/value: This research provides a valuable contribution to understanding the complexity of legal approaches in dealing with terrorism, highlighting challenges, successes, and lessons for improving legal policy and practice in the future. It also offers critical insight into the dynamics of international and national law in handling terrorism in Indonesia
VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT PARADIGMS AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION IN POST-REFORMATION INDONESIA
Get PDFObjective: The paradigm of village development in Indonesia, which has been put into practice since the reformation era in 1998, has generated three laws that underlie village governance systems: Law No. 22 in 1999, Law No. 32 in 2004, and Law No. 6 in 2014.
Method: This descriptive-qualitative study explores the conceptual understanding of village development in Indonesia using secondary data from laws, regulations, and research. Kuhn's thinking is used to interpret the paradigm underlying the development system, spanning from the reformation era to the present.
Results: This study reviews the paradigm from the perspective of Thomas Kuhn, who sees the truth from a scientific perspective in the context of Indonesian governance. The findings show that Law No. 22 of 1999 and Law No. 32 of 2004 are built upon political and governmental sciences, highlighting a paradigm shift from centralization to decentralization. Village management and regulatory systems then lie between central and regional governments, which influences its development. Furthermore, Law No. 6 of 2014 positions villages in an exclusive regulatory system with changing sociocultural and economic dimensions but retains pre-existing political and governmental dimensions. In other words, village regulatory systems are not based on radical paradigms.
Conclusion: The existing paradigm cannot be abandoned, and new ideas about villages need to be developed. To truly demonstrate autonomy, laws must be released from the previous paradigm and establish a new scientific basis
THE ROLE OF BUSINESS LAW IN IMPROVING CONSUMER PROTECTION IN THE DIGITAL AGE
Get PDFPurpose: The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the role of business law in improving consumer protection in the digital era.
Theoretical reference: The development of digital technology has brought significant impacts in the business world, including in terms of interactions between businesses and consumers. The digital era has opened up new opportunities for businesses to sell products and services online, but it has also created new challenges in terms of consumer protection. Consumers often face risks such as fraud, privacy violations, or dissatisfaction with the products or services they purchase online. Therefore, it is important to examine the role of business law in enhancing consumer protection in the digital era.
Method: This research uses a normative research method, while the data collection technique is carried out by literature study which involves searching and analyzing legal documents related to consumer protection in the digital era.
Results and Conclusion: The results show that the role of business law in improving consumer protection in the digital era includes establishing and enforcing regulations that protect consumers, regulating the privacy and security of consumer data, ensuring transparency and clear information for consumers, establishing the responsibility of producers and sellers for the quality, safety, and reliability of products and services offered, providing effective dispute resolution mechanisms for consumers, and increasing consumer education and awareness, providing information about consumer rights, the risks of online transactions, and how to deal with problems in the digital environment.
Implications of research: The data suggests advocating for tailored business laws to address digital-era consumer protection, privacy, and data security. It emphasizes the importance of legal compliance in digital operations to build consumer trust and mitigate legal risks. Additionally, the data highlights the need to prioritize initiatives aimed at educating consumers about their online rights, risks, and dispute resolution mechanisms, ultimately empowering them in the digital landscape.
Originality/value: The data contributes to legal scholarship by addressing a critical gap through the exploration of how business law intersects with consumer protection in the digital age. It provides practical relevance by offering actionable insights for policymakers, businesses, and consumers to navigate the rapidly evolving legal and digital landscapes. Furthermore, it paves the way for future research by highlighting the need for further inquiry into the effectiveness of legal interventions and the evolution of consumer behaviors online
PLAIN LANGUAGE INTERVENTION TO IMPROVE PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF LEGAL LANGUAGE: DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF CONTROVERSIAL ARTICLES IN THE JOB CREATION LAW
Get PDFObjective: This article discusses the plain language intervention to enhance public understanding of legal language, particularly regarding the controversial provisions of the Job Creation Law.
Methodology: The research was conducted through a survey distributed to individuals from various educational and professional backgrounds.
Theoretical framework: This research uses several simple language approaches such as, Bivins (2008); Mukherjee, et al. (2017); Wojcik (2013); and Wydick & Sloan (2019). This framework is used to intervene in legal language to make it simpler and easier to understand.
Results and Conclusion: The questionnaire results indicated that 82.6% of respondents had a better understanding of the simplified (plain language) version of legal text, while only 17.4% understood the original legal language version. This correlated with a decrease in the lexical density index by 9.07 (25.11%) after the implementation of plain language. These findings demonstrate that the general public faces difficulties in comprehending legal language and expresses the desire for improvements in the use of simpler and more understandable legal language. Legal documents tend to be challenging to understand due to the extensive use of technical terms, long and complex sentences, and ambiguity in expressing legal meanings.
Originality/Value: In the context of the Job Creation Law, the reduction in lexical density through the implementation of plain language has helped improve public understanding of legal language. However, there is a need for awareness and improvement in the use of legal language by policymakers and authorities to ensure that legal language is accessible to the general public.Este artículo analiza la intervención del lenguaje llano para mejorar la comprensión pública del lenguaje jurídico, en particular en lo relativo a las controvertidas disposiciones de la Ley de Creación de Empleo. La investigación se llevó a cabo mediante una encuesta distribuida a personas de diversos niveles educativos y profesionales. Los resultados del cuestionario indicaron que el 82,6% de los encuestados comprendía mejor la versión simplificada (lenguaje llano) del texto legal, mientras que sólo el 17,4% entendía la versión original del lenguaje legal. Esto se correlacionó con una disminución del índice de densidad léxica en 9,07 (25,11%) tras la aplicación del lenguaje llano. Estos resultados demuestran que el público en general tiene dificultades para comprender el lenguaje jurídico y expresa su deseo de que se mejore el uso de un lenguaje jurídico más sencillo y comprensible. Los documentos jurídicos tienden a ser difíciles de entender debido al amplio uso de términos técnicos, frases largas y complejas y ambigüedad en la expresión de significados jurídicos. En el contexto de la Ley de Creación de Empleo, la reducción de la densidad léxica mediante la aplicación del lenguaje llano ha contribuido a mejorar la comprensión pública del lenguaje jurídico. Sin embargo, es necesario que los responsables políticos y las autoridades tomen conciencia y mejoren el uso del lenguaje jurídico para garantizar que éste sea accesible al público en general.Este artigo discute a intervenção de linguagem simples para melhorar a compreensão pública da linguagem jurídica, especialmente em relação às disposições polêmicas da Lei de Criação de Empregos. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de um questionário distribuído a indivíduos de várias formações educacionais e profissionais. Os resultados do questionário indicaram que 82,6% dos entrevistados entenderam melhor a versão simplificada (linguagem clara) do texto jurídico, enquanto apenas 17,4% entenderam a versão original do texto jurídico. Isso se correlacionou com uma redução no índice de densidade lexical de 9,07 (25,11%) após a implementação da linguagem simples. Essas descobertas demonstram que o público em geral enfrenta dificuldades para compreender a linguagem jurídica e expressa o desejo de melhorias no uso de uma linguagem jurídica mais simples e compreensível. Os documentos jurídicos tendem a ser difíceis de entender devido ao uso extensivo de termos técnicos, frases longas e complexas e ambiguidade na expressão de significados jurídicos. No contexto da Lei de Criação de Empregos, a redução da densidade lexical por meio da implementação da linguagem simples ajudou a melhorar a compreensão pública da linguagem jurídica. No entanto, há necessidade de conscientização e aprimoramento do uso da linguagem jurídica pelos formuladores de políticas e autoridades para garantir que a linguagem jurídica seja acessível ao público em geral
UNDERSTANDING THE ALTRUISTIC FINANCIAL BEHAVIOR IN A NOT-FOR-PROFIT MICROFINANCE
No full textObjective: Microfinance has long been considered as a way out of poverty. Not-for-profit microfinance emerged as an innovation in this particular field. This research aims to gather information on the not-for-profit microcredit named Blessing Revolving Fund, especially its actors' behavioral patterns.
Method: This paper used a case study approach with data collection through interviews and document analysis. The samples are selected using the purposive sampling technique.
Result: The results showed that the Blessing Revolving Fund was a not-for-profit microcredit with donations as its financial source. They give credits without collateral, without interest, and profit-sharing. The activity has three parties: managers, donors, and members. The desire to help others, ease of mechanism, satisfaction, comfort, and inner peace are a few reasons these actors participate. They also did not expect a reciprocity issue between performance and rewards.
Conclusion: These results are inversely proportional to Vroom's theory of motivation. It also indicates a tendency towards philanthropic behavior in Blessing Revolving Fund activities
Ponte para a Justiça: Direitos Humanos na Construção do Sistema Legal Moderno na Indonésia
No full textIntroduction: The pursuit of justice and equity is a fundamental aspect of any modern legal system. In Indonesia, the development of a modern legal system that upholds human rights principles is a crucial step towards achieving a fair and just society. This article explores the role of Human Rights (HR) in the development of a modern legal system in Indonesia, with a focus on the province of Papua as a case study.
Theoretical framework: This article adopts a theoretical framework that combines the concepts of human rights, legal development, and social justice. Human rights are fundamental rights and freedoms that every individual is entitled to, regardless of their race, religion, or social status. Legal development refers to the process of creating and implementing laws that protect and promote human rights. Social justice is the concept of creating a fair and equitable society where every individual has access to the same opportunities and resources.
Method: This research employs a qualitative method using literature review and policy document analysis. A literature review was conducted to explore the concepts of human rights, legal development, and social justice. Policy document analysis was carried out to understand the objectives, structure, and implementation of human rights laws and policies in Indonesia, with a focus on Papua.
Results and Conclusions: The development of a modern legal system in Indonesia, particularly in Papua, has been influenced by various factors, including historical, cultural, and political factors. The implementation of human rights laws and policies in Papua has faced challenges, including lack of awareness, resources, and political will. However, there have been some positive developments, such as the establishment of human rights commissions and the adoption of human rights education programs. The findings of this research indicate that the development of a modern legal system in Indonesia, particularly in Papua, requires a comprehensive approach that addresses the root causes of human rights violations and promotes social justice and equity. Effective and sustainable implementation of human rights laws and policies requires collaboration and commitment from various parties, including the government, civil society, and international organizations.Introducción: La búsqueda de justicia y equidad es un aspecto fundamental de cualquier sistema legal moderno. En Indonesia, el desarrollo de un sistema legal moderno que defienda los principios de los derechos humanos es un paso crucial hacia la consecución de una sociedad justa y equitativa. Este artículo explora el papel de los Derechos Humanos (HR) en el desarrollo de un sistema legal moderno en Indonesia, con un enfoque en la provincia de Papúa como estudio de caso.
Marco teórico: Este artículo adopta un marco teórico que combina los conceptos de derechos humanos, desarrollo legal y justicia social. Los derechos humanos son derechos y libertades fundamentales a los que todo individuo tiene derecho, independientemente de su raza, religión o estatus social. El desarrollo legal se refiere al proceso de creación e implementación de leyes que protegen y promueven los derechos humanos. La justicia social es el concepto de crear una sociedad justa y equitativa donde cada individuo tenga acceso a las mismas oportunidades y recursos.
Método: Esta investigación emplea un método cualitativo utilizando revisión de literatura y análisis de documentos de políticas. Se realizó una revisión de literatura para explorar los conceptos de derechos humanos, desarrollo legal y justicia social. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de documentos de políticas para comprender los objetivos, estructura e implementación de leyes y políticas de derechos humanos en Indonesia, con un enfoque en Papúa.
Resultados y conclusiones: El desarrollo de un sistema legal moderno en Indonesia, particularmente en Papúa, ha sido influenciado por diversos factores, incluyendo factores históricos, culturales y políticos. La implementación de leyes y políticas de derechos humanos en Papúa ha enfrentado desafíos, incluyendo falta de conciencia, recursos y voluntad política. Sin embargo, ha habido algunos desarrollos positivos, como el establecimiento de comisiones de derechos humanos y la adopción de programas de educación en derechos humanos. Los hallazgos de esta investigación indican que el desarrollo de un sistema legal moderno en Indonesia, particularmente en Papúa, requiere un enfoque integral que aborde las causas fundamentales de las violaciones de derechos humanos y promueva la justicia social y la equidad. La implementación efectiva y sostenible de leyes y políticas de derechos humanos requiere colaboración y compromiso de diversas partes, incluyendo el gobierno, la sociedad civil y organizaciones internacionales.Introdução: A busca por justiça e equidade é um aspecto fundamental de qualquer sistema legal moderno. Na Indonésia, o desenvolvimento de um sistema legal moderno que defenda os princípios dos direitos humanos é um passo crucial para alcançar uma sociedade justa e equitativa. Este artigo explora o papel dos Direitos Humanos (HR) no desenvolvimento de um sistema legal moderno na Indonésia, com foco na província de Papua como estudo de caso.
Estrutura teórica: Este artigo adota uma estrutura teórica que combina os conceitos de direitos humanos, desenvolvimento legal e justiça social. Os direitos humanos são direitos e liberdades fundamentais a que todo indivíduo tem direito, independentemente de sua raça, religião ou status social. O desenvolvimento legal refere-se ao processo de criação e implementação de leis que protegem e promovem os direitos humanos. A justiça social é o conceito de criar uma sociedade justa e equitativa onde cada indivíduo tenha acesso às mesmas oportunidades e recursos.
Método: Esta pesquisa emprega um método qualitativo usando revisão de literatura e análise de documentos de políticas. Uma revisão de literatura foi conduzida para explorar os conceitos de direitos humanos, desenvolvimento legal e justiça social. A análise de documentos de políticas foi realizada para compreender os objetivos, estrutura e implementação de leis e políticas de direitos humanos na Indonésia, com foco em Papua.
Resultados e Conclusões: O desenvolvimento de um sistema legal moderno na Indonésia, particularmente em Papua, foi influenciado por diversos fatores, incluindo fatores históricos, culturais e políticos. A implementação de leis e políticas de direitos humanos em Papua enfrentou desafios, incluindo falta de conscientização, recursos e vontade política. No entanto, houve alguns desenvolvimentos positivos, como o estabelecimento de comissões de direitos humanos e a adoção de programas de educação em direitos humanos. Os resultados desta pesquisa indicam que o desenvolvimento de um sistema legal moderno na Indonésia, particularmente em Papua, requer uma abordagem abrangente que aborde as causas fundamentais das violações de direitos humanos e promova a justiça social e a equidade. A implementação eficaz e sustentável de leis e políticas de direitos humanos requer colaboração e compromisso de várias partes, incluindo o governo, a sociedade civil e organizações internacionais
MEASURING THE COMPARATIVE AND COMPETITION OF INDONESIAN WOOD CHARCOAL EXPORTS IN THE SAUDI ARABIAN MARKET
No full textObjective: This study examines the comparative and competitive export of wood charcoal in four potential countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, China, and Vietnam, in the Saudi Arabian Market with HS Code 4402. This study used annual data for nine years from 2014 - 2022, divided into three periods.
Method: This study used the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) and concentration Ratio (CR), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), Export Product Dynamic (EPD), X-Model, and Trade Specialization Index (ISP) models to measure the wood charcoal industry in the Saudi Arabian Market.
Result: The findings show that wood charcoal market in Saudi Arabia exhibits a strict oligopoly structure, with Indonesia and China dominating the market share. Indonesia emerged as the top supplier of wood charcoal to Saudi Arabia during for nine years. Malaysia showed the highest competitiveness among potential countries in certain periods. Overall, Indonesia, China, Vietnam, and Malaysia demonstrated strong competitive positions, with dynamic export growth, positioning them as "Rising Stars" in the market. These countries specialized as wood charcoal exporters to Saudi Arabia, reaching a mature stage in their market presence during the analyzed period from 2014 to 2022.
Conclusion: This study concludes that Indonesia became the highest supplier with a market share of 53.51% and had a strong comparative advantage. Malaysia has the highest optimistic market development, followed by Indonesia, Vietnam, and China. Indonesia's wood charcoal competitiveness position remains in the Rising Star position. The Trade Specialization Index of four potential countries at this stage of maturation
A SCALE UP FOR LOCAL PRODUCT THROUGH SACRIFICING THE HIGH-QUALITY BY TECHNO-PRENEURSHIP: CASE STUDY SADE VILLAGE, LOMBOK ISLAND
No full textPurpose: This research paper aims to develop a vision statement for breakthrough innovations in the notation and recording industry, enhancing revenue generation and profitability, addressing customer needs, aligning local business teams, and stimulating economic growth.
Methods: This research paper uses a combination of qualitative research and stra-tegic business development methods to develop a vision statement and strategies for the notation and recording industry. It focuses on understanding stakeholders' needs, identifying innovation opportunities, and implementing strategies in real-world settings to drive sustainable growth.
Results and Conclusion: The research reveals that a vision statement and stra-tegic business development initiatives have significantly increased revenue and profitability in the notation and recording industry. These strategies have fos-tered confidence in regulatory compliance, customer satisfaction, and business team alignment. They have also facilitated economic growth and community empowerment, particularly in regions like Lombok Island.
Research implications: The research emphasizes the importance of continuous innovation, regulatory compliance, customer-centricity, community engagement, strategic alignment, and continuous adaptation in the notation and recording in-dustry. These factors help businesses stay competitive, maintain trust, and contrib-ute to sustainable growth. By fostering a culture of collaboration and continuous monitoring, businesses can enhance their performance and drive sustainable devel-opment.
Originality/value: This research presents a comprehensive approach to developing a vision statement and implementing strategic initiatives in the notation and re-cording industry. It emphasizes innovation, simplicity, and speed, integrates quali-tative research with business strategy, emphasizes responsible practices, strategic alignment, and relevance to emerging markets. The research provides insights to help practitioners navigate complex challenges and unlock new opportunities
IMPLEMENTATION OF GREEN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
No full textPurpose: This study attempts to present the Implementation of green public procurement (GPP) along with obstacles and solutions in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs)
Design/methodology/approach: The method employed is a qualitative approach using interview discussions supported by documentation on the website of three HEIs. Ten stakeholders, including procurement staff, participated in the study, providing diverse perspectives. The research takes place from October 2023 until January 2024, with the research locus in the three HEIs in Indonesia.
Findings: GPP is directed to support green campus programs, including sanitation and infrastructure, waste management, water saving, transportation with low emissions, renewable energy, and education and research. Leadership style, ability to innovate, and support from all academics in higher education determine the success of implementing GPP. Obstacles in implementing the GPP consist of regulatory, resource, and provider constraints that meet the requirements of the GPP. The solution that can be given to overcome these obstacles is to create strict regulations regarding the Implementation of GPP, create environmentally friendly procurement plans, make energy-saving and resource-saving movements, and look for providers that comply with GPP.
Research implications: This research provides implications for the practice of green public Procurement in higher education governance.
Originality/value: This ground-breaking empirical study concentrates on GPP in State Islamic Higher Education Institutions (SI-HEIs)