Journal of Law and Sustainable Development
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THE REALITY OF THE PROFESSIONAL EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP WHICH ARE BASED ON THE SOFT SKILLS FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF THE EDUCATION AND FORMATION WOMEN AND MEN- GUELMIM-OUED REGION MOROCCO AS A MODEL
No full textObjectives: The primary objective of this study is to examine the implementation of educational leadership based on soft skills by leaders of educational institutions in the Guelmim-Oued Noun region of Morocco, as perceived by women and men in education and training. This inquiry is situated within the framework of transformational leadership outlined in the tenth commitment of the 2022/2026 Roadmap.
Methods: Utilizing a descriptive analytical approach, the research involved administering a questionnaire covering eight domains related to soft skills: communication, time management, teamwork, planning, emotional intelligence, decision-making, problem-solving, and organizational skills. The questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 308 educators, both women and men, in the Guelmim-Oued Noun region. Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and a five-point Likert scale.
Results: The findings indicate that the practice of educational leadership based on soft competencies is perceived as 'very high' in the areas of communication, leadership, and teamwork, with other domains registering as 'high'. Statistically significant differences were observed concerning the educational staff variable (teaching, administration), favoring teaching staff in communication skills. However, no statistically significant differences were observed based on gender or educational qualification levels.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of soft skills in educational leadership and recommends the adoption of quality standards based on these skills in both initial and continuous training of administrative staff. The study suggests integrating soft skills criteria into the evaluation of the performance of heads of educational institutions and task assignments to ensure effective leadership practices in the region's educational landscape
SCIENTIFIC LIFE
No full textObjective: The objective of this study is to clarify the unity between science and human life. Thereby clarifying that science is a product of human life. Science becomes a commodity in trade to make money. This study aims to contribute to clarifying the difference between creativity and scientific instinct.
Methods: To achieve the above-stated goals, this study uses a qualitative method. In particular, the content of this research is reviewed and analyzed from human science. In addition, the subject accesses documents mainly from Karl Marx's complete works and academic articles referring to human life.
Results: Examining human life as directly related to science reveals several important findings. First, science takes the methodology from the history of philosophy and mathematics as scientific instinct. Second, true science is closely related to human life, that is creativity in science, this is the most basic characteristic of true science. Third, creativity in science becomes a scientific commodity, making the products of science have a money instinct. In human life, science becomes a money instinct.
Conclusion: Science is human life. Human life is expressed in different professions and job positions. Different job positions have different abilities and needs. One person's ability is another person's need. Satisfying ability is creativity. The creation of life is science. That is scientific life. Science separated from life becomes metaphysical theory and pure reason. Pure reason becomes a cognitive methodology, making science strange. All perception depends on pure reason, making the rest of life an aspiration and an ideal that is foreign to real life
EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEACHERS' POLITICAL SKILLS AND CREDIBILITY
No full textObjective: This study investigates the significance of the relationship between teachers' political skills and credibility. It aims to present data-driven evidence that enhancing political skills can boost credibility so educational outcomes and student-teacher relationships will strengthen.
Theoretical Framework: The theoretical underpinning of this study is the Source Credibility Theory, which describes the effect of perceived credibility on the source.
Method: This descriptive-correlational study used primary data from 278 hospitality and tourism management students via questionnaires. Pearson R determined the strength and direction of the relationship. Regression analysis modeled the relationship and influence of political skills on credibility.
Results and Discussion: The mean and standard deviation indicated very high political skills and credibility. The correlation test revealed a significant positive relationship between variables. The regression model showed a 74.7% influence of political skills on credibility, with sincerity as the best predictor.
Research Implications: These findings suggest that teacher training should focus on developing political skills and sincerity to enhance credibility and effectiveness. Researchers in this field can explore ways to nurture these traits among educators and evaluate their effect on student outcomes for policymakers to apply across educational contexts.
Originality/Value: This study provides evidence of a significant positive relationship between teachers' political skills and credibility. It highlights the importance of developing political skills and credibility among educators to earn trust. It extends the Source Credibility Theory to the educational domain, providing a foundation for future research in various contexts
PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE AGAINST INDIGENOUS PERSONS IN ECUADOR: AN ANALYSIS OF ITS CULTURAL AND LEGAL APPROPRIATENESS
No full textObjetive: This article analyzes the appropriateness of pretrial detention when used as a precautionary measure in criminal procedures against Indigenous persons in Ecuador.
Theoretical structure: The theoretical framework is based on the doctrine of criminal guarantees and the conventional obligations of the Ecuadorian state, mainly from inter-American jurisprudence. The discussion is complemented by a critical analysis of positivism and the persistence of the colonialist vision in the institutionality of the criminal justice system.
Method: A doctrinal and jurisprudential approach is carried out, which is complemented with an analysis based on the ethnographic approach and interpretation of the normative as discourse.
Conclusion: With regard to pretrial detention, Inter-American law has developed standards that will be analyzed in the framework of cultural diversity, seeking to establish a few guidelines for an intercultural interpretation, in which Indigenous authorities may participate in the precautionary guarantees. Therefore, the Constitutional Court of Ecuador has rendered many judgments that adhere to intercultural guidelines for cases and trials against Indigenous peoples and nationalities
LAWS ON USUFRUCT RIGHTS IN VIETNAM IN THE 15TH CENTURY AND LESSONS LEARNED FOR TODAY
No full textObjective: The purpose of this article is to present the current state of the law on usufruct rights, to recognize the advanced values of the regulations on usufruct rights in the 2015 Civil Code.
Theoretical Framework: The provision on usufruct rights is included in the 2015 Civil Code of Vietnam is not a completely new provision in the contemporary Vietnam laws. Usufruct right regime was recognized through 04 civil codes promulgated by the old regimes in the years 1888, 1931, 1939, 1972. However, through researching the laws of the feudal period, the author finds a provision similar to usufruct rights, which was recorded many years ago in Vietnam: the provision on the right to exploit and use the property of others in the Hong Duc Code, promulgated in the 15th century.
Method: By using the perspective of selectively inheriting traditional values of Vietnamese national history, using historical methods and comparative methods to study the provisions on usufruct rights in the Hong Duc Code, the author presents the current status of the law on usufruct rights, recognizes the progressive values of such rights in the 2015 Civil Code.
Result and Discussion: The article serves as an additional source of documents and new information for those interested in usufruct rights in the Hong Duc Code of Vietnam; affirms that there are many progressive points on usufruct rights in the Hong Duc Code: respecting and acknowledging the principle of equality, protecting the rights of women and children.
Originality/Value: This article is the first one that focusing on usufruct rights within the Vietnamese acient law. Through this article, the author hope to improve current laws for better protecting the rights of the disadvantaged in a family, encouraging actions to protect public properties, and increasing the provision of additional economic resources to the economy.  
THE PRINCIPLE OF COMPETITION UNDER LAW NO 23-12 RELATING TO PUBLIC CONTRACTS AND ITS EFFECTIVENESS IN PREVENTING CORRUPTION
No full textObjectives: This study aims to shed light on the principle of competition within Law No. 23-12 related to public procurement. It begins by highlighting the guarantees related to this principle, particularly those concerning the method of selecting the contracting party and the procedures for awarding public contracts. The study then addresses the limitations of the competition principle, which are embodied in the negotiation process as an exception, along with the exclusion procedure. Finally, it examines the effectiveness of the legal framework governing the principle of competition, particularly in the field of combating corruption.
Methodology: This study relies on a range of scientific research methods, the most important being the analytical method, which involves analyzing the legal texts related to the regulation of the principle of competition, particularly Law No. 23-12. Additionally, the descriptive method is employed to describe the legal and practical reality of the competition principle. In some cases, the comparative method is also utilized, comparing legal texts in response to legal developments.
Results: It is concluded that Law No. 23-12 concerning public procurement has contributed to strengthening the principle of competition, particularly through the innovations it introduced. Moreover, the exceptions established by the legislature do not undermine the principle, as they are necessitated by the requirements of protecting the public interest. However, the legal safeguards in place are insufficient due to certain shortcomings and the complexity found in some provisions of the public procurement law.
Conclusion: The legal framework governing the procedures for awarding public contracts contains several safeguards to achieve the principle of competition, which can contribute to preventing corruption. However, these safeguards have proven to be less effective, as demonstrated by the prevalence of various forms of corruption in this area. This necessitates strengthening these legal safeguards by addressing the gaps and clarifying the ambiguities in some provisions of the public procurement law. Additionally, oversight should be reinforced to ensure compliance with the various principles upon which public procurement is based
POSSIBILITIES OF SYNTHESIS OF UNCHARGED STABLE LATEX PARTICLES FOR IMMUNOANALYSIS
No full textObjective: The objective of this study is to find a method for synthesizing uncharged polystyrene latex particles whose surface can be easily modified.
Theoretical basis: The main method of latex synthesis is emulsion polymerization. Latexes for a specific purpose can be obtained by polymerization in heterogeneous monomer-water systems, without the use of emulsifiers, both with intensive mixing of the system and under static conditions. In this work, polymerization was carried out without the use of emulsifiers in a static monomer-water system.
Method: To achieve the set goal, the possibility of obtaining latex particles using a hydrophobic
initiator - ditrile of azoisobutyric acid - was investigated by carrying out polymerization in a diffusion mode in a three-phase system monomer - water - initiator.
Results and discussion: The results of the study showed that the latex obtained in the three-phase system is stable. It is assumed that the stability is due to the presence of hydroxyl end groups groups of polymer molecules on the surface of the latex particles, which are formed as a result of the reaction of the initiator with water and initiate polymerization. The synthesized latexes retained stability for a year.
Practical value: Latexes can be used in all those areas of science and technology where the absence of a charge on the surface of latex particles is required.
Originality/value: The originality of the work lies in the fundamental simplicity of the synthesis and the unambiguity of the results obtained
THE LEGAL MECHANISMS FOR ENCOURAGING INVESTMENT IN ALGERIA UNDER LAW NO. 22-18
No full textObjectives: The primary objective of the Algerian legislator is to create a structured and regulated environment for investments that fosters a positive climate. The focus is on establishing legal frameworks that enhance transparency and ensure equal treatment for both local and foreign investors. This approach is intended to drive growth in the investment sector and to provide a sense of security and stability for investors.
Methods: To achieve these goals, the legislator has emphasized the importance of legal and judicial safeguards, grounded in clear and objective principles. These principles are intended to secure the rights of investors while encouraging a fair and consistent regulatory environment. In addition to general legal protections, the framework includes specific fiscal incentives designed to attract investors.
Results: One of the significant developments in this area is the amendment of the Investment Promotion Law No. 22-18, which introduced various legislative measures to support investment. These changes encompass a range of guarantees for investors, alongside tax breaks and financial incentives, which collectively create a more appealing investment landscape.
Conclusion: The revised legal framework represents a proactive step by the Algerian government to enhance the investment sector. By ensuring legal protections, promoting fiscal benefits, and fostering an equitable environment for all investors, the new law aims to strengthen Algeria’s position as an attractive destination for investment, thereby contributing to economic growth and development
DESCIFRANDO LOS INDICADORES DE GESTIÓN PARA MEDIR LA EFICIENCIA ENERGÉTICA
No full textIntroducción: En las organizaciones gubernamentales o privadas, es necesario medir el resultado de la gestión periódicamente, ya sea para satisfacer razones de administración, legales, fiscales o para cumplir con compromisos financieros y energéticos; y, por tanto, llevar un control de sus operaciones.
Cuando se han definido los indicadores administrativos correctos y se cuenta con el sistema de medición adecuado, la evaluación de la gestión se convierte en un instrumento que estimula al empleado, las áreas organizacionales y la organización en su conjunto y, además, genera el deseo de los trabajadores de alcanzar aquellos objetivos que favorecen la mejora continua de la empresa.
Objetivo: Comprender la importancia de los indicadores que midan la eficiencia energética de una manera sencilla y concisa, esto supondrá disponer de una herramienta fundamental para mejorar la gestión energética de una compañía desde un enfoque estratégico (proceso), favoreciendo la posición financiera y medioambiental, logrando así disminuir el consumo energético sin comprometer los servicios que se obtienen.
Método: La metodología aplicada, fue la documental, a través de la recopilación de información de carácter bibliográfico, vinculado al trabajo académico de reflexión crítica.
Valor: Esta investigación está enmarcada dentro del cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) de Naciones Unidas, específicamente el Objetivo 7: Garantizar el acceso a una energía asequible, segura, sostenible y moderna; Meta 7.3: De aquí a 2030, duplicar la tasa mundial de mejora de la eficiencia energética
THE TRAGEDY OF PEOPLE LIVING IN THE SPIRAL OF FEAR AND VIOLENCE IN YAŞAR KEMAL’S KIMSECIK NOVEL SERIES
No full textPurpose: In this study, through the novel Kimsecik, our aim will be to make a social, historical and psychological analysis on fear and violence. Fundamentally, it is necessary to state that Yaşar Kemal’s novel reveals very different aspects of violence, such as war, the poverty and migration due to this poverty. It should also be noted that the content of the novel deals with a historical period. The content of the novel is the 15-year period from the Sarıkamış defeat in 1915 to the 1930s. So, we have the World War I, the foundation of the New Republic of Turkey after the Ottoman Empire and its early period. In this sense, basically, the article deals with the phenomenon of violence in relation to Turkey’s history. Through the eyes of a child, it also tries to reveal a feudal culture in which violence and fear are intertwined. There are also psychoanalytic references in the novel. The relationship between the character Salman and his father could be considered in this respect.
Method: The method adopted in the article is basically the analysis of the novel’s characters; their psychological, sociological and historical realities are considered. Especially, through a child, we could understand better the social and psychological aspects of fear, because, the child experiences the fears brought about by social problems. But also, making them more accessible and meaningful with imagination. The child not only reflects the fear but through his imagination makes it more and more understandable and interpretable. In summary, we became the witnesses of a child’s approach to the concepts of violence and fear and a widowed woman’s struggle to live in society and survive the oppression and harassment applied to her. Behind of all this, we can see the poor Anatolian people’s financial difficulties, struggle with epidemics, exploiting each other, their cunning, their respect and fear of state power.
Results and Conclusion: Despite the fear and violence, we see that hope and imagination are never lost. Despite the intensity of oppression and death, the characters’ struggle against it stands out.Yaşar Kemal’s novel, which is in the socialist realist line, also expresses the desire to be free from violence and fear, because these two work together and fear can make a person do anything. In a way, if fear is overcome, the cycle of violence and fear could be broken.
Implications of research: if we remember that the novel is also an autobiography, it will be possible to find the roots of the formation of Yaşar Kemal’s thought; an idea of resistance against fear and violence. Ultimately, it will be possible to see the political perspective at the root of Yaşar Kemal’s novel and the origin of his imagination.
Originality/value: The article also shows Yaşar Kemal’s world of thought. Violence and fear are in a way the main themes of all his novels. Moreover, especially Yaşar Kemal’s dream of a world without violence remains as a hope. This hope of the children in the novel continues in Yaşar Kemal himself