Journal of Law and Sustainable Development
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REVIEW ON THE THEORY AND REVIEW OF CAPITAL STRUCTURING FOR DEVELOPING ECONOMY
No full textObjective: Capital structure remains a central issue for appropriate considerations in corporate finance. This article examines the theory of capital structure, with the aim to summarise the empirical reviews related to theories.
Method: The paper is based on theoretical reviews. The process discusses issues on capital structure and presents findings from different empirical papers test these theories on data. Because research on capital structure is broad, we narrow the scope to empirical issues based on recent evidence. We only take the results at face value and do not criticize the methods used in the papers.
Result and Discussion: In trying to synthesize the theories with the empirical reviews, the result reveals that no single theory incorporates all important factors, capital structure puzzle remains. Also, the outcome of empirical evidence remains mixed.
Implications: The survey on the theory and evidence on capital structure has important implication for the capital market since capital structure, itself offers the investors important snapshot into intrinsic objectives and behaviour of the corporate entity.
Originality/Value: The note provides advance information to understand and analyse complex issues related to evidence on capital structuring. The relevance and value of the paper are evidenced by the fact that the review provides readers for background information on capital structuring in public or private firms.
Recommendations: We recommend that future studies may examine alternative theories that were not reviewed in the paper. Researchers can further consider testing the models on countries’ data
OPEN SOURCE TEXTBOOK AS A RESOURCE FOR THE TEACHING-LEARNING PROCESS OF ALGEBRA IN INITIAL TRAINING OF MATHEMATICS TEACHERS
No full textObjective: To determine the implications of the use of open source text in the teaching-learning process of algebraic structures in the initial teacher training of the mathematics specialty in a state university in Peru.
Theoretical Framework: The conceptual and epistemic bases of open learning are systematically addressed through interactive texts, as well as the aspects related to the teaching-learning process in university higher education.
Method: The study has a mixed approach, pre-experimental design and correlational level, the target population was mathematics education students and a sample of 46 randomly chosen students, data collection is carried out through a diagnostic questionnaire, another multiple alternative and an interview, in the study sample classes are held through the open source book; then the learning achieved at the conceptual level is evaluated. procedural of algebraic structures.
Results and Discussion: In this research it is evident that students did not know the open source online text for the study of mathematics, but they have skills in the use of digital technology; but with the use of the digital book they assimilate the concepts, perform demonstrations and solve problems efficiently, raising their level of motivation towards learning. Thus, the relevant use of open source books significantly improves learning and the development of mathematical competence in students.
Research Implications: Strengthening of interactive and personalized activities for a comprehensive training of mathematics content mediated by digital technology, reinforcing in a sustained way the culture and mathematical competence of teachers in initial training.
Originality/Value: Implementation of an innovative approach in pedagogical practice, through the use of open resources for the assimilation of mathematical concepts and procedures in a dynamic, efficient and effective way. The value of research is evidenced in the praxis of didactic strategies in the context of the digital age, oriented to the knowledge of algebraic structures by mathematics teachers
THE ROLE OF TRANSNATIONAL LEGAL PROCESS IN ADVANCING A SUSTAINABLE AGENDA WITHIN THE BRICS
No full textObjective: In an era where the Global South's agenda is increasingly significant in addressing environmental challenges, the BRICS emerge as influential advocates for sustainable development. This study analyses the role of transnational legal mechanisms in advancing sustainability within the BRICS framework, particularly influenced by the growth of the group with the addition of new members.
Theoretical Framework: The research is based in the theory of transnationalism applied to sustainable development, enhanced by concepts from international environmental law and the role of emerging economies in the global sustainability agenda. International legal concepts such as the dimensions of legalization and the forms of International Legalization will be detrimental to understanding how international frameworks can be adopted in domestic legislation, particularly in the context of the BRICS.
Method: This study is based on empirical analysis that identified patterns and trends in the utilization of transnational legal mechanisms by BRICS nations to advance sustainability agendas.
Results and Conclusion: This paper aimed to answer the core questions ‘What are the broader implications of this distinctive legal approach for international governance and cooperation, particularly within the context of the BRICS?’, having as conclusion the need for mutual legal assistance and harmonization of laws for experience sharing, the creation of standards and best practices and diminishing the discrepancies between the national legal systems.
Research Implications: This research presents limitations regarding specific literature pertinent to the BRICS in the context of international and transnationalism as a field of study in the legal scholarly. The recommendations herein drafted are based on empirical evidence. Recommendations for future research lie to the extent that relevant quantitative analysis shall be included.
Originality/Value: This paper adopts a novel perspective that aims to foster the bloc's positioning as a global sustainable advocator, particularly considering the commitment of the existing and new members to expand sustainable projects
EXPLORING ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS IN THE AUTOMATION OF STUDENT PLAGIARISM MANAGEMENT - A CASE STUDY
No full textObjectives: The primary objective of this case study was to arrive at heuristics for the automation of the student plagiarism management process, which now peremptorily includes contract cheating using Large-Language Model (LLM) Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, such as ChatGPT.
Theoretical Framework: The essential core components of the academic integrity phenomenon, such as a formal institutional regulatory framework, imperative training, and common approaches for addressing transgressions, were extensively explored. The efficacy of the automated system used by the Private Higher Education Institution (PHEI) in the case study was investigated in relation to deterrance, by analysing the incident data captured on the system. The Technology Adoption Model (TAM) was applied for assessing usefulness/usability and ease-of-use perceptions of the system, both via questionnaires and using usage data captured on the system.
Method: The PHEI’s database allows for quantitative analysis of patterns and trends in the occurrence of reported plagiarism (including contract cheating). The adoption of the automated system was assessed by the trends in the number of reported cases and in the percentage of repeat offenders.
Results and Discussion: For plagiarism in general, the number of repeat offenders was consistently less than half of first offenders, with third offenders limited to between 0% and 1% in each subsequent year tested. The broader academic integrity system – incorporating the automated system - proved to be effective as a plagiarism deterrent. The results obtained also revealed that the (ostensible) prevalence of AI contract cheating was limited to about 7% of the total reported cases of plagiarism. Regarding the adoption of the automated system, both ease-of-use and usefulness TAM ratings were high overall.
Research Implications: The study highlights possible system parameters, and possible implications and relationships implicit in automated systems related to plagiarism, as heuristics for further studies.
Originality/Value: The potential and the constraints of enhancing efficacy by applying automated means for detecting and deterring plagiarism are highlighted. This study also elucidates the issues on the emerging spectrum of perspectives on the use of AI tools in academic research. This is evidenced by the complications of identifying plagiarism in AI-generated verbiage, as well as the academic value (or deprecation thereof) of incorporating AI tools in formal academic research
THE PROBLEM OF JURISDICTION IN THE CONTRACT OF MARITIME TRANSPORT OF GOODS
No full textObjectives: The maritime transport contract for goods holds immense significance as it serves as the central instrument around which maritime operations revolve. Given that the majority of global commercial exchanges are conducted by sea, maritime transport is seen as both safer and less costly. Despite its importance, the contract raises numerous legal issues, particularly concerning jurisdiction. While it shares general conditions with other contracts, the maritime transport contract has a specific nature, which is shaped by the unique characteristics of maritime work.
Methods: The specific nature of maritime transport contracts is characterized by a distinctive integration of obligations among the parties involved. The obligations of the maritime carrier to receive, unload, transport, and preserve goods are closely linked to the obligations of the shipper and serve as the foundation for the obligations of the consignee. This interconnection helps to ensure the continuity and integrity of the goods from the moment they are received by the shipper until they reach the consumer.
Results: The maritime transport contract creates a form of unity among the parties involved, even though they have different roles and responsibilities. This unity is achieved through the seamless integration of obligations across the supply chain, ensuring that the goods maintain the same condition throughout the entire process. However, the differing obligations and often conflicting interests of the parties can give rise to legal complications, particularly in terms of jurisdiction.
Conclusion: Although the maritime transport contract is essential to the success of global commerce, it also poses significant legal challenges due to its specific nature. The integration of obligations among the shipper, carrier, and consignee fosters unity, but it can also lead to disputes. Therefore, understanding and addressing the legal complexities of maritime transport contracts is critical for the smooth functioning of international trade
FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MOUNTAIN TOURISM IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC
No full textPurpose: To create a scientific and practical proposal based on the identification of promising areas of development taking into account today's rapid changes in world tourism and the impact of key tourist regions on the development of tourism in Kyrgyzstan.
Theoretical reference: Scientific and theoretical materials related to the development of mountain tourism were thoroughly studied and applied while writing the article.
Method: Economic and statistical, monographic and comparative approaches were used for the research.
Results and Conclusion: Although the mountainous region of the republic has a wide range of natural and recreational resources, tourism revenues have been low. To improve the situation, recommendations based on international experience and scientific research are proposed to improve the situation, which will help in the development of key areas of tourism in Kyrgyzstan.
Implications of research: The results of this study can be used by government agencies to formulate policies for the development of mountain tourism, in particular to identify strategic directions and attract foreign investment in promising regional projects.
Originality and value: The originality and value of the study is that the findings can be applied to the development of mountain tourism and in other mountain countries in the development of the main directions of this sphere
POWDERED FOODSTUFFS INTENDED FOR CHILD FEEDING IN UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES: RISKS OF CONTAMINATION BY SALMONELLA AND ESCHERICHIA
No full textIntroduction: Powdered infant milk play a crucial role in infant nutrition when breastfeeding is not available. However, both dairy companies and consumers encounter challenges related to the physicochemical stability, as well as the microbiological quality throughout storage/ distribution.
Objective: Study aimed to evaluate microbiological quality and physicochemical stability of eleven imported first-age milk samples from various brands, collected in Algiers city, during spring season.
Methods: Samples stability will be assessed by various physicochemical tests (density, pH, titratable acidity, viscosity, protein and lactose levels, etc). Microbiological quality will be explored by research involving colony forming units (CFU) counting on conventional selective culture media, the evaluation of the pathogenic floras/species. Salmonella Enumeration, in addition to conventional method, on three differential selective broths.
Results & discussion: Chemical tests indicated that samples remained stable, with the following mean values: Density (1.024), pH (6.655), Acidity (17.628), Viscosity (2.574), Conductivity (1805.72 µS/cm), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) (85 mg/L), Protein Content (1.66 g/100ml of milk), and Lactose Content (1.5509 g/100ml of milk). Microbiological analysis, apart from absence of Staphylococcus, Cronobacter, revealed following results: yeasts and molds were present in 36.36 % (4/11) of samples, total bacterial count exceeded standards in 27.27 % (3/11) of samples, total coliforms were observed in 9.09 % (2/11) of samples, total fecal coliforms were detected in 9.09 % (1/11) of samples, Escherichia coli was present in 9.09 % (1/11) and D-Streptococcus was found in 18.18 % (2/11) of samples.
Research Implications: The entire set samples demonstrated chemical stability throughout storage and distribution, with no packaging or labeling defects noted. However, microbiological quality sample’s fell below local/international standards. In light of these findings, further investigation is warranted through expanded sampling approach, targeting additional PIF brands, conducting a wider array of physicochemical and toxicological tests, and examining a wider of bacterial flora/species
Interpretation Of Benefit Sharing On Economic Rights Of Intellectual Property (IP) In Islamic Law Perspective
Get PDFObjective: Intellectual Property (IP) in the current era plays a vital role in world trade, both nationally and internationally. It has important functions to give protection, and guarantee and provide legal certainty for an invention created by inventor. In addition, it is an effort to prevent unfair business competition and to minimize product plagiarism on the market. The invention needs to be appreciated by providing economic benefits for what has been produced, to provide the widest possible welfare and economic benefits to the inventors for their achievements.
Method: This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing and making comparisons related to the interpretation of benefit sharing of intellectual property (IP) inventions from different perspectives, positive law and Islamic law, in Indonesia. The approach used in this study was normative research method with supporting data from primary and secondary legal materials related to regulations in IP, Al-Qur'an, and Al-Hadith.
Results: Based on the analysis, it shows that there are different interpretations of the economic benefits of intellectual property (IP) inventions between positive law and Islamic law. Positive law interprets that economic benefits are regulated according to a mutual agreement between parties, while Islamic law has two madhhabs, Maliki and Jumhur. The Maliki madhhab provides a limit on the interpretation of economic benefits with a maximum limit of one-third. In contrast, the Jumhur madhhab provides a limit of one hundred percent of economic benefits. So, it is necessary to form an ideal law that can provide justice, benefits, and legal certainty for the community.
Conclusions: An interpretation of the economic right to profit on the invasion of intellectual property (IP) in Indonesia is different in perception of positive laws and islamic law. The terms of the great triumph of economic rights in the invention intellectual property of positive laws turned out that there was no rule either discussing or regulating any nominal gain of the intellectual property (IP). In contrast with islamic law, which already has a preset in determining economic rights gains on the one-third intellectual property (IP) from the madhhabs Maliki perspective and one hundred percent from the one in madhhabs Jumhur
Effect of Income on Xenocentrism and Rice Consumers' Behaviour in Northwest Nigeria
Get PDFObjective: This research investigated how income moderates the impact of xenocentrism on the behaviour of rice consumers in northwest Nigeria. Xenocentrism, in this context, is gauged through foreign brand admiration, perceived product quality, and the image of the product's country of origin.
Method: Employing a correlation research design, the study collected data via questionnaires administered to 494 participants from five states in northwest Nigeria in 2023. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) regression technique, facilitated by SmartPLS 4 statistical software, was utilized for data analysis.
Results: Results indicate that foreign brand admiration and the image of the product's country of origin significantly and positively influence rice consumers' behaviour. Moreover, the study reveals that income plays a moderating role in the relationship between perceived product quality, the image of the product's country of origin, and rice consumers' behaviour.
Conclusion: To enhance acceptance and support for locally produced rice, the study recommends that the Nigerian government and rice producers in the country focus on enhancing the national image and overall quality of their products
Have the Real Estate Companies Value Decreased Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic? An Empirical Research in Vietnam
Get PDFPurpose: This study explores whether the covid-19 pandemic and the post-pandemic period will cause listed real estate businesses in Vietnam to fall into a recession like previous periods or experience sustainable growth? This study will explore the factors that affect the growth of the value of real estate companies listed on the Vietnam Stock Market in the period 2013 - 2022 to find the answer.
Method: Using Panel Data regression to determine the impact of the growth of real estate companies value listed in Vietnam's Stock Exchange from 2013 to 2022. We use dummy variables to divide it into 2 period before and during the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Findings: This study reveals that there are 4 factors affecting the growth of real estate companies value: debt ratio with all levels of significance; fixed assets with significance level 10%, firm size at 5% significance level and the period before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The remaining factors such as return on sale ratio, current ratio, asset turnover, gross domestic product growth, fixed capital efficiency have an influence on the growth of real estate companies value, but the statistical significance is uncertain.
Research implication: The research findings have some recommendations to help listed real estate companies in Vietnam grow sustainably in the upcoming years