Journal of Law and Sustainable Development
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SUSTAINABLE GROWTH THROUGH GREEN ECONOMY: AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS
No full textObjective: In recent years, the growing interest and awareness of environmental issues have once again brought the issue of population growth to the forefront, exerting significant pressure on production. The increased pressure on production and the resultant rise in production have led to a faster trend in consumption. As a natural consequence of both trends, detrimental effects on ecological balance and the environment have begun to emerge. The concept of "green economy" has emerged as an approach to restore the disrupted ecological balance and operationalize this order. This widely spreading concept has begun to generate significant policies at both national and international levels.
Method: This study aims to examine the relationship between renewable energy production, consumption, wastewater, and solid waste data, covering the years 1980-2022, using econometric methods to explore the relationship between green economy and economic growth in the context of Turkey. The objective is to analyze the impact of the recent and rapidly increasing transformation towards "green economy" on the long-term trajectory of economic growth in Turkey.
Result and Discussion: Based on the findings of the study, it has been determined that, at the 0.05 level of statistical significance, there is no long-term relationship between the variables and economic growth, as well as no long-term significant relationship between any of the variables. When the statistical significance is accepted at the 0.10 level, a significant long-term relationship is identified between the amount of wastewater and renewable energy, with a 1% increase in wastewater leading to a 0.82% increase in renewable energy.
Implications: The findings of this study and the transformation towards a green economy, widely covered in the literature, have been recognized in Turkey and an unnamed green transformation movement has begun. As the results of the analysis of the study indicate, the policies introduced for the transition to a green economy and transformation efforts have a positive and significant impact on economic growth in the long term, but the same cannot be claimed for the short term, but in the future, advances in scientific and technological progress and over-specialization will inevitably have positive consequences on global and domestic sustainable development in the short term.
Originality/Value: The distinctive feature of this study from similar studies in the literature is that the relationship between the green economy and sustainable growth was analyzed empirically and with five separate econometric models.
Recommendations: Turkey needs serious reforms in education in its transition to a green economy. In addition, there is a need for political determination to use environmentally friendly sectors that are more open to innovation and competition, such as renewable energy and green building sectors
LA DIVERSIFICACIÓN PRODUCTIVA EN LA REGIÓN SUR, ESTADO DE MÉXICO, ¿SUSTENTABILIDAD PRODUCTIVA O EXTERNALIDADES AMBIENTALES CRECIENTES?
No full textObjetivo: Analizar hasta donde resulta benéfico la diversificación productiva en la región en cuestión, destacando las externalidades ambientales y sociales que se genera en el entorno.
Referencia teórica: La investigación parte de la teoría del desarrollo económico local como referente fundamental, misma que se va robustenciendo con las aportaciones del desarrollo regional y los sistemas productivos sustententables.
Método: Este documento es producto de una investigación colegiada (multidisciplinaria), que parte de algunos referentes teóricos, para brindar claridad en la diversificación productiva, como eje transversal de análisis. Tales fundamentos permiten delinear algunas características de la región de estudio, a través de su contextualización, con la finalidade de avisar la posibilidad de ampliar la estrutura productiva local-regional. Uma parte importante de los resultados obtenidos devino del trabajo de campo, que consistió en recorridos exploratorios, y de la interacción directa con la sociedade civil, produtores y autoridades locales de la región, dejando en claro la importancia económica de las actividades productivas, pero también la serie de externalidades que se generan, poniendo e entredicho la sustentabilidade local-regional.
Resultados y conclusion: Con las evidencias obtenidas en campo, permitieron darle contundencia no sólo las condiciones bajo las cuales se está presentando la diversificación productiva en la zona, asi como corroborar que este ambiente productivo no es sustentable, a pesar de la alta rentabilidad de algunos productos como el arroz, la caña de azúcar o las rosas de exportación. La extensificación productiva ha dado lugar a severas externalidades ambientales negativas como la sobreexplotación de los cuerpos hídricos, además de un grave proceso de contaminación, generada por la filtración de lixiviados en los mantos acuíferos debido al uso de plaguicidas y fertilizantes altamente contaminantes, mucho de ellos, prohibidos por la norma oficial mexicana en la meteria. Los impactos ambientales negativos crecientes, no sólo provocan riesgos a la salud humana, sino altos costos económicos y productivos que afectan el bienestar de toda la región. Esta situación se torna más latente y compleja al evidenciar la carencia de rellenos sanitarios para una adecuada disposición de residuos sólidos, lo que dificulta asumir la existencia de sistemas productivos sectoriales sustentables en esta región. A pesar de que la diversificación de productos agrícolas se intenta hacer bajo el modelo tradicional dinámico, la disponibilidad limitada de infraestructura e inversión, no ha favorecido el crecimiento regional de dicha actividad, ya que solamente en algunas localidades se están produciendo bajo condiciones de sustentabilidad ambiental, a través de la utilización de insumos orgánicos para reducir la presión del entorno.
Implicaciones de la investigación: En el presente documento se evidencia parte de los resultados de una investigación de larga data, con enfoque local-regional, cuya consistencia no sólo se sustenta en los referentes teóricos contemporáneos, sino se fortalece con el trabajo de campo realizado, que permite ampliar la perspectiva analítica, al incorporar la visión de los productores. Con esta información de primera fuente, se realizaron varios replanteamientos y aportaciones, como la diversificación productiva de actividades tradicionales y emergentes potenciales, culminando en la sustentabilidad de la producción. El trabajo de campo e interacción directa con el fenómeno de investigación resultan más que pertinente, sin embargo, su ejecución se lentiza dada la restricción presupuestaria, el clima social, la accesibilidad vial e infraestructural, entre otros factores más, situaciones recurrentes encontradas en esta labor de indagación. Por lo que algunos planteamientos enunciados o incluso resultados compartidos que no tienen la contundencia necesaria, además de reto mediatico de atención, sienta los precedentes para la discusión y agendas de investigación.
Originalidad/valor: El desarrollo de la presente investigación tiene como eje transversal de análisis la producción sectorial, sustentado en los referentes de la teoría del desarrollo económico local y regional, que permiten dar fundamento a los alcances de la diversificación productiva. Este proceso de extensificación, da cauce a la sustentabilidad, que, como paradigma reciente de amplia discusión, permite plantear el término “sustentabilidad productiva sectorial”, como uno de los principales aportes que amplia el estado del conocimiento. Independientemente de que el punto de partida del tratamiento analítico es la teoría económica, el trabajo de campo realizado coadyuvo a una perspectiva multidisciplaria, donde las cuestiones productivas locales y regionales, perfilaron la inclusión de referentes sociológicos, antropológicos, ambientales, y territoriales, dejando evidencia de la perspectiva multidisciplinaria a los hechos económicos. En suma, uno de los valores agregados de la presente es la irrupción en el enfoque disciplinario, para transitar a la multidisciplinariedad de la producción, con un carácter sustentable
EVALUATION OF THE QUALITY OF BEE HONEY (Apis mellifera) FROM CENTRAL-SOUTH REGION OF TAMAULIPAS, MEXICO
No full textObjective: The objective of this study was to evaluate different quality criteria of Apis mellifera bee honey from the municipality of Llera in the central-southern region of the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico.
Theoretical Framework: In the state of Tamaulipas, A. mellifera honey is produced, considered one of the most important beekeeping products. This activity reflects the economic strengthening and well-being of this area and it is fundamental for ecosystem’s survival and biodiversity.
Method: The methodology applied for this study focused on the selection of six samples from different apiaries in the municipality of Llera, using standardized techniques for the corresponding analyses.
Results and Discussion: Results showed that most of the honeys meet quality standards. Values were expressed as mean values ± SD. Data were subjected to an analysis of variance and Tukey’s test, and statistical significance was established at p≤0.05.
Research Implications: The sampling of honey was limited by the availability of beekeepers; on the other hand, some honey crystallized in less time than others.
Originality/Value: The study allowed us to evaluate the quality of honey, which guarantees having a high-quality product for marketing
Boosting the Achievement of Internalization of Islamic Values with the Quantum Learning Model
Get PDFObjective: This study aims to proving the effectiveness of quantum learning in increasing the achievement of internalization of Islamic values for kindergarten students. Bustanul Athfal Kindergarten is Aisyiyah's early childhood education institution. There, the organization of Islamic education, which aims to implant Islamic ideas in children from an early age so that they grow virtue-driven personalities, has become vital. It is expected that students have a very fundamental understanding (internalized) of their religious convictions and love for Islam from an early age.
Methods: The study used an experimental method with a two-group quasi-experimental design. The research subjects were 114 students from five kindergarten subjects, divided into the experiment of quantum learning model group and the control group (conventional model). To collect data, the researchers employed the authentic Islamic value assessment model as call MANIS. The data were then analyzed by t-test and N-Gain analysis.
Results and Conclusion: The t-test findings, first, demonstrated a substantial distinction between the quantum learning model and conventional model. According to the N-Gain results, the quantum learning model was more successful than conventional model model. Consistently, the quantum model outperformed the conventional group in terms of achievement and efficiency. So, the quantum learning model is efficient in increasing the achievement of students' internalization of Islamic values.
Recommendation: for the next teacher are to adopt the Quantum Learning Model in their learning process, especially in kindergarten, because this research shows that the model is effective in encouraging the achievement of internalization of Islamic values in children
Financial Statement Fraud of Indonesian Islamic Banks
Get PDFObjective: Financial statement fraud (FSF) in Islamic institutions is considered unethical due to its production of inaccurate information for stakeholders. In this study, we examine some institutional characteristics, particularly those pertaining to corporate governance, that have the potential to regulate the occurrence of financial statement fraud (FSF).
Methodology: Data was gathered quantitatively. Thel study utilizeld a samplel including 11 commelrcial Islamic banks opelrating in Indonelsia. Thel obselrvation pelriod spanneld from 2019 to 2022.
Result: Through an examination of Islamic banks in Indonesia, it was observed that some characteristics of the Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB) of these banks, including their level of knowledge, the size of the board, and the frequency of their meetings, had the potential to mitigate Financial Statement Fraud (FSF). In addition, the composition of the audit committee and the perceived credibility of the external auditors can also contribute to the effective management of financial statement fraud. This study does not identify any significant impact of the board of commissioners' structure on the financial stability of the firm (FSF). One additional discovery pertains to the three SSB traits examined in this study, with the most significant impact on regulating FSF being the specialised knowledge and proficiency in accounting, finance, or economics possessed by each SSB.
Conclusion: It is recommended that each Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB) be equipped with professionals in relevant disciplines, in addition to their experience in Islamic jurisprudence
Low Flow of Cascade Reservoir in Sekampung Watershed
Get PDFPurpose: This research intends to analyze the low flow in the cascade reservoir in Sekampung watershed
Theoretical reference: The low flow analysis uses the HEC-HMS model with the input parameters are GPM satellite rainfall that is calibrated by the ground station data in the Sekampung watershed, variation of land use, and soil type.
Method: The methodology consist of by using the HEC-HMS model. Then, this model is calibrated with the flow discharge in Batutegi reservoir.
Result and Conclusion: The model result produces the linear average discharge with the comparation ratio of sub-watershed area in each outlet is as follow: 11.0% (W1), 10.4% (W2), 39.9% (B1), 9.2% (W3), and 30.5% (B2). Half monthly average discharge is in the range of 2.6-40.8 m3/s (W1), 2.6-35.8 m3/s (W2), 11.9-151.4 m3/s (B1), 2.6-34.8 m3/s (W3), and 8.8-116.2 m3/s (B2). Percentile of dependable discharge that is used is >66.6% for dry year, 66.6%-33.3% for normal year, and <33.3% for wet year with the value between 6.6-25.4 m3/s (W1), 5.7-23.2 m3/s (W2), 24.2-97.3 m3/s (B1), 5.4-22.4 m3/s (W3), and 18.0-74.8 m3/s (B2).
Implication of research: The calibration of discharge as the modelling result to the observed discharge produces the RMSE value is 0.462, the NSE value is 0.787, the PBIAS is 0.04% with the result interpretation is very good. The validation produces the RMSE value is 0.632, the NSE value is 0.601, and the PBIAS value is 0.01% with the result interpretation is very good.
Originality/ value: The model that is used for analyzing flood in the study location is the HEC-HMS software by carrying out the watershed division into smaller sub-watershed
Criminal Responsibility for Errors Committed by Medical Robots: Legal and Ethical Challenges
Get PDFObjective: This study aims to know Criminal Responsibility for Errors Committed by Medical Robots, where the use of robots in healthcare and medicine has been steadily growing in recent years. Robotic surgical systems, robotic prosthetics, and other assistive robots are being into patient care. However, these autonomous systems also carry risks of errors and adverse events resulting from mechanical failures, software bugs, or other technical issues. When such errors occur and lead to patient harm, it raises complex questions around legal and ethical responsibility Char.
Method: A descriptive analytical method was followed.
Results: Traditional principles of criminal law have not been designed to address the issue of liability for actions committed by artificial intelligence systems and robots. There are open questions around whether autonomous medical robots can or should be held criminally responsible for errors that result in patient injury or death. If criminal charges cannot be brought against the robot itself, legal responsibility could potentially be attributed to manufacturers, operators, hospitals, or software programmers connected to the robot. However, proving causation and intent in such cases can be very difficult.
Conclusions: The prospect of bringing criminal charges against a non-human triggers ethical dilemma. Should autonomous machines have legal personhood? How to weigh patient safety versus promoting innovation in medical technology? This research will analyze the legal and ethical challenges associated with determining criminal responsibility when medical robots cause unintended harm. It has important implications for patient rights, healthcare regulation, technological ethics and the legal status of intelligent machines
Concept of Protection for Victims of Narcotics Abuse in Indonesia Fairly Based on Pancasila
Get PDFBackground: Since the introduction of criminal policy on victims of drug abuse in Indonesia in Law No. 35 of 2009 on Narcotic Drugs, the current legislation does not give room to the use of criminal means (tax and action), which extends both its content and benefits as contained in Article 127 paragraphs (1), (2), and (3), Jo. Article 103 Jo. Art. 54 is the punishment of criminal imprisonment, and the sentence of medical rehabilitation or social rehabilitation only tends to be rigid, So in legal practice, it still tends to position victims of drug abuse as being treated equally as perpetrators of drug offenses in general, without regard to justice for the protection of the victim of narcotics abuse itself. Adopting good concepts for the formulation of the Narcotics Act in the future is necessary as a reflection of the values of justice for the victims of drug abuse who are distributed to Indonesians based on Pancasila with a more flexible system of punishment. (flexible on sentencing).
Objective: Analyzing to a great extent the innovative ideas of re-formulating criminal drug policy in Indonesia with a comparative study of criminal policy on victims of drug abuse in other countries. By using the method of doctrinal approach that analyzes the law as it is written in the books or the law as it is decided by the judge through the judicial process.
Theoretical framework: Prison sentences for narcotics abuse have proved to be unable to reduce the number of narcotics abuses. The Law on Narcotic Drugs, in its development, has been updated with the enactment of Law No. 35 of 2009 on Drugs. There has been a legal revision of the provisions of this law, with the decriminalization of drug abuse perpetrators. Narcotics addicts and victims of drug abuse must undergo medical and social rehabilitation. Van Boven, a United Nations special rapporteur, puts the rights of victims of human rights violations in a comprehensive way that is not only limited to the right to know and to continued justice but also the right to reparation (Theo Van Boven, 2002).
Method: This study uses the method of normative jurisprudence, or doctrinal law research, that analyzes both laws as they are written in the books and laws as they are decided by the judge through the judicial process. The use of skunder data as a source or material of information can be primary legal material, skunder legal material, or third-tier legal material.
Results: The results of the study suggest that there is a need to re-formulate the criminal policy of legal protection of victims as perpetrators of crimes in the future drug law enforcement system, including articles on the use of non-criminal means in drug law in the future as a measure of prevention of the adverse influence of the black traffic of narcotics in Indonesia.
To this end, it is necessary to encourage the support of the government by using all its powers to provide the budget, resources, and human resources for both the security and defense of the country, such as the Indonesian National Army/Police of the Republic of Indonesia/National Narcotics Agency, other law enforcement agencies, and the apparatus of government within the scope of the state administration, so that the presence and existence of a state in protecting citizens in a safe, comfortable, and realization of a divine, just, and civilized society with a sense of unity, settlement with mutiny, and justice in society will be felt
Policy Implementation Model of National Health Insurance Through Social Health Insurance Institution (BPJS) in Indonesia
Get PDFPurpose: Health development is fundamentally aimed at increasing awareness, willingness, and the ability to lead a healthy life for everyone to achieve optimal health, as mandated by the opening of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. It is the right of the community to receive healthcare services from the state. However, efforts through implementing the National Health Insurance Policy entrusted to the Social Health Insurance Institution (BPJS) Health, until now, are far from the meaning of justice. The implementation of BPJS Health still faces various issues, including problems with BPJS Health that occurred since the card activation process. Second, the referral of healthcare institutions designated by BPJS Health must be expanded and more flexible. Third, the complexity of BPJS Health service flow due to implementing a tiered service flow.
Theoretical Framework: SJSN stands for the National Social Security System, a social security system in Indonesia under Law Number 40 of 2004. This social security is one of the forms of social protection organized by the Republic of Indonesia to ensure its citizens can meet basic living needs and create an independent, advanced, just, and prosperous Indonesian society.
Methods: This research uses a qualitative approach that finds, understands, explains, and obtains an overview of social and public phenomena related to policies and programs implemented by the government in the context of implementing the national health insurance system. Data is analysed descriptively, referring to the Data Analysis Technique Model by Matthew B. Miles et al. (2014).
Findings: Through this research, recommendations are made for policy implementation improvements, including developing and empowering policy implementers with a humanistic and participatory approach through periodic provision and training of medical and hospital support staff. Thus, the implementation model can be emphasized in improving regulations, participation, finances, healthcare services, benefits, premiums, institutions, and organizations
Diversion as a Form of Restorative Justice for Child Offenders in Indonesia: a Study on the Implementation of Social Research Recommendations
Get PDFObjective: This research wants to examine whether community research is taken into consideration in carrying out Diversion in the stages of the juvenile justice system. Even though it is a recommendation in nature, meaning that it may be considered, Community Research is the initial foundation for knowing the condition of child offenders who conflict with the Law.
Theoretical framework: This research is certainly different from the 3 studies above; although it is related to restorative justice and Diversion in juvenile justice, it has a different study focus, which is related to the results of community research conducted by Correctional Centers that produce recommendations: Diversion or not a diversion. This is mainly related to the basis of Diversion, namely recommendations from Community Research on cases of children in conflict with the Law.
Methodology: The method used is normative legal research and qualitative data analysis. The approach used is an inventory of laws relating to restorative justice contained in the stages of handling child cases by the justice sub-system, namely the police, prosecutors and courts. Vertical horizontal synchronization is used to see harmony between existing regulations, especially with regard to social research in diversion decisions. Then the legal principles approach is used to examine the principles contained in restorative justice whether they are in accordance with the principles contained in existing regulations for handling cases of children in conflict with the law.
Results and conclusion:
The study results found that community research recommendations were considered in proposing Diversion at the Police, prosecutor's, and court stages. It is just that the results of social research are sometimes hindered by the diversion requirement relating to a 7-year sentence, so the results of the study of the condition of the offender's child still produce recommendations for non-diversion. However, depending on the policy in the judge's decision, conditional or supervisory punishment can be recommended.
Originality/value: This paper examines how social research recommendations are considered in implementing Diversion in the judicial stages as an embodiment of restorative justice