Journal of Law and Sustainable Development
Not a member yet
1558 research outputs found
Sort by
LA INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL COMO CATALIZADOR DE LA TRANSFORMACIÓN DIGITAL EN LA GOBERNANZA TECNOLÓGICA
No full textObjetivo: El greenwashing, o eco impostura, representa un desafío significativo en la comunicación corporativa y la sostenibilidad. Este estudio examina cómo la inteligencia artificial (IA) está emergiendo como una herramienta crucial para combatir estas prácticas engañosas. A través de un análisis exhaustivo de la literatura reciente y casos de estudio, se explora el potencial de la IA para detectar y prevenir el greenwashing, así como sus implicaciones éticas y regulatorias. Se destaca el desarrollo de sistemas como True Green, que utiliza algoritmos avanzados para analizar en tiempo real las comunicaciones de sostenibilidad de las empresas.
Marco Teórico: Esta investigación se sitúa en la intersección de varios campos de estudio en rápida evolución, incluyendo la sostenibilidad corporativa, la ética de la IA y la comunicación ambiental. Al examinar cómo estas áreas convergen en el contexto del greenwashing, el estudio busca proporcionar insights valiosos para académicos, profesionales y reguladores que trabajan en estos campos.
Método: El presente estudio adopta un enfoque de investigación mixto, combinando métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos para examinar el papel de la IA en la detección y prevención del greenwashing corporativo.
Resultados y Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren que la IA puede mejorar significativamente la transparencia y autenticidad en las alegaciones ambientales corporativas. Sin embargo, también se identifican desafíos importantes, como la necesidad de garantizar la equidad y transparencia de los algoritmos utilizados.
Implicaciones de la Investigación: Los problemas relacionados con privacidad, sesgos algorítmicos y cumplimiento normativo confirman preocupaciones éticas ampliamente documentadas. Además, el caso práctico del gobierno digital de Estonia refuerza cómo una integración estratégica puede superar barreras estructurales mientras maximiza beneficios sociales.
Originalidad/Valor: Este estudio contribuye al creciente cuerpo de investigación sobre la intersección entre tecnología y sostenibilidad, ofreciendo insights valiosos para académicos, reguladores y profesionales del sector
THE STRATEGY OF THE HIGH AUTHORITY FOR TRANSPARENCY AND ANTI-CORRUPTION IN PROMOTING TRANSPARENCY AND ETHICAL GOVERNANCE IN ALGERIA
No full textObjective: The study aims to analyze the mechanisms of the National Strategy for Transparency and the Prevention and Combat of Corruption as a guiding line to activate international and national standards for combating corruption at the level of public administrations and economic institutions. These efforts seek to enhance transparency measures and effectively and efficiently prevent corruption through substantial legal amendments across various sectors, embodying the rule of law and promoting good governance by ethicalizing public life and advancing participatory democracy.
Theoretical Framework: The study is based on the embodiment of the national strategy established by the Authority for Transparency, as an original jurisdiction included by the constitutional founder in Article 205, paragraph 1 of the constitutional amendment of 2020. The aim is to build a better future for future generations in the context of social values and principles aimed at building a new Algeria under political and administrative reforms that have worked to establish a new legal arsenal to implement this.
Methodology: The study requires following two main methodologies: the descriptive method ("case study"), highlighting and describing Algeria's efforts to establish a constitutional oversight institution for combating corruption, namely the High Authority for Transparency, Prevention, and Combat of Corruption. Additionally, the analytical method will be used to analyze its strategy and evaluate the extent of its mechanisms' contribution, in cooperation with other state institutions, to the prevention and combat of corruption.
Results and Discussion: The High Authority for Transparency and the Fight against Corruption in Algeria is striving to implement its strategy over the next five years (2023-2027) to create a political, economic and social climate opposed to corruption in all its forms, with the aim of building a state of law that enshrines the principles of integrity, transparency and accountability. The first signs of this implementation have begun with the amendment of some laws and the creation of entirely new ones, forming an effective and qualified legal and institutional system for this purpose. The discussion will include a detailed analysis of the changes and the challenges facing the process of building institutions based on integrity and transparency.
Research Implications: The results of the study contribute to understanding the reforms occurring in Algeria through the legislative and institutional framework in the field of corruption prevention and combat, highlighting their clear impacts on citizens and on administrative and economic institutions in both the public and private sectors. This necessitates the coordination of efforts among all stakeholders to implement measures aimed at executing the strategy of the High Authority for Transparency and the Fight Against Corruption to ethicalize public life, alongside the need for awareness and sensitization regarding the existence of a body responsible for handling reports and notifications within the High Authority for Transparency, with sufficient protection for whistleblowers.
Originality/Value: provides a new contribution to the understanding of the new institutional oversight framework for the promotion of transparency and the fight against corruption under the Constitutional Amendment 2020. It presents the legal evolution of the Transparency Authority and outlines its working strategy, which is a political document par excellence and the first of its kind, reflecting the political will of the public authorities to eradicate corruption and eliminate its roots, with the aim of creating a political, economic and social environment opposed to corruption and building a state of law that enshrines the principles of integrity, transparency and accountability
THE EMERGENCE OF MARITIME PIRACY IN NIGERIA AND THE CHALLENGES IN COMBATTING THE MENACE
No full textIntroduction: Maritime insecurity, particularly maritime piracy, has no doubt become a major factor threatening the stability of regional and sub-regional blocs of the world, including Nigeria.
Objectives: The study aims to examine the factors responsible for piracy in Nigeria, examining the potential influence of political and economic sabotage as an underlying reason. Additionally, it seeks to identify the challenge in combatting maritime piracy and proposes a solution to address this menace.
Methodology: The study employed a desktop resource approach utilising an explanatory research design to analyse the complexity surrounding maritime insecurity.
Results and discussions: The study revealed that maritime insecurity, particularly piracy, has significantly threatened Nigerian economic engagement, leading to substantial revenue loss. Also critical is the fact that the country’s image in the international environment has been stained by the daring onslaught of the pirates. Although the Nigerian government has endeavoured in security governance, the maritime piracy issue remains a complex task, further exacerbating the existing dilemma.
Research implications: To mitigate the impact of piracy, the study proposes targeted solutions that address both the political and economic factors contributing to maritime insecurity, thereby enhancing surveillance, strengthening law enforcement, fostering regional cooperation, improving governance, and tackling corruption.
Originality/value: It directly impacts shipping costs, oil production, and other maritime activities, while also contributing to the cost of humanitarian assistance
RIGHTS OF NATURE: THEORY AND PRACTICE
No full textObjectives: Rights of Nature (RoN), the idea that natural entities, such as forests, rivers and mountains, should be endowed with rights like humans, emerged in 1972 in the United States of America (USA) through a work by Christopher Stone, a Professor of Law. This article analyses the theoretical and philosophical foundations of RoN, the pattern of its adoption, and the success and failure in its practice.
Method/Data Sources: The documents on RoN of the countries that have adopted RoN are the main sources of information/data. Other sources include publications by researchers on RoN, reports by environmental organisations such as Global Alliance for RoN, Eco Jurisdiction Monitor, and Earth Law Center, and recent print/electronic media reports on RoN.
Theoretical Framework: In order to provide a contextual framework, the concept of nature is discussed. The philosophical basis of RoN is the indigenous people’s perspective of the sacredness of natural entities and their practice of living in harmony with nature. The concepts of legal personality and legal rights provide the theoretical background for RoN. The emergence of RoN is consequent on the increasing acceptance of ecocentrism, a philosophy of the intrinsic value of nature as a more effective environmental management approach compared to the dominant anthropocentrism which is centred around the dominance of humans over nature.
Results and Discussion: Four patterns in the endowment of RoN are identifiable and analysed. These are whole country, parts of a country, whole natural entities, and parts of natural entities application. It is only in Ecuador, Bolivia, Uganda and Panama that RoN applies to all parts of the country. United States is a typical example of where RoN applies to only areal units within a country. There are many more cases of where RoN applies to units of a physical entity than to the entire entity such as rivers. Constitutional review, laws and court decisions have been the channels of introducing RoN. In terms of the spatial distribution, South America is the epicentre. Ecuador is a typical example of where the RoN Movement has been largely successful while USA is a good example of where it has not. As the experience of Ecuador has shown, the success of RoN requires an effective mobilization of the citizenry
Social Capital on Firm Performance: The Role of Knowledge Sharing Behavior As Mediation
Get PDFPurpose: The goal of this research is to investigate how social capital, knowledge sharing behavior, and firm performance are related. Not only that, this study also revealed the behavior of sharing knowledge in mediating the relationship between social capital and firm performance. Several previous researches have explained that social capital can be one of the main factors in improving company performance. Business actors use social capital to build social networks, norms and beliefs that provide space to act together in achieving business goals.
Method/design/approach: This research was conducted in East Java. In accordance with the purpose of this research, it is aimed at SMEs who have business operations in the East Java region. The respondent criteria used include those recorded by the Department of Industry and Trade in East Java who started the business one year and are still active today. Purposive sampling was used, and as many as 137 samples were obtained. Data collection using questionnaires distributed online, with data analysis tools used SEM-PLS.
Results and conclusion: The study found a relationship between social capital, knowledge sharing behavior, and firm performance. Knowledge-sharing behavior helps to bridge the gap among both social capital and firm performance. The significance of social capital and knowledge sharing behavior in improving business or firm performance is widely acknowledge.
Research implications: Based on these findings, the role of MSME actors is to provide information and knowledge that is very necessary in running and developing a business.
Originality/value: This study found that knowledge-sharing behavior can mediate the relationship between social capital and firm performance. Knowledge sharing behavior can help increase the impact of social capital on firm performance, by improving relationships and connectivity between staff, groups and organizations
English
No full textPurpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the critical role of youth participation as catalysts for sustainable social and economic drivers of development in Africa.
Theoretical Reference: The study adopted the theory of Positive Youth Development to contexualise the aim of the study. The study argues that, youth workers and other service providers using a youth development approach would be able to analyze the theories in this study and determine what influences their practice, anticipate the results of their interventions, choose the best course of action at each stage of the process, and explain their actions when working with young people.
Method: Through the application of qualitative research techniques, the study primarily used peer-reviewed secondary sources available within the public domain. Since they provided the researchers with a great opportunity to connect with the body of knowledge already in existence and allowed the researchers to gain insight into the thoughts and experiences of other scholars regarding the area of study. Hence advanced searches of baseline literature were used to collect qualitative data.
Results and Conclusions: The literature review examined the vital role that young people play as engines for long-term social and economic development in several African. The study argued that youth involvement promotes project ownership and sustainability and increases young people's ability to meet their basic needs.
Implications of Research: Unemployment has caused Africa a lot of woes as youths embrace violence rather than embarking on projects that would benefit the continent. The paper concluded that unless impediments to the actualisation are expunged, the African continent will still take its back seat in this era of unprecedented development.
Originality/ Value: The study made the case that young people must be involved as advisors, collaborators, and stakeholders if development initiatives are to be effective and representative. To guarantee that young people are engaged, it is not enough to rely just on one-time conversations; there needs to be an ongoing process
CONTAMINATION TEST OF ESCHERICHIA COLI AND SALMONELLA TYPHI BACTERIA ON SECANG WOOD EXTRACT GEL (Biancaea sappan)
Get PDFObjective: Disclosing Agents derived from natural materials are still very minimal. The use of natural materials will increase economic value and have a high level of security. Disclosing solution is the material used to see the presence of plaque. The purpose of the study was to determine the stability of secang wood extract gel preparations based on the biological parameters of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi bacteria.
Theoretical framework: Research on secang wood has been widely carried out in research on food and beverage ingredients, fabric coloring and fish tanning, beauty. This research was carried out to obtain natural coloring materials and made them in the form of a disclosing agent (disclosing solution), which is useful for checking the cleanliness of a person's teeth. Disclosing agent (disclosing solution) is a plaque coloring agent used in dentistry with the aim of being able to see the effectiveness of oral hygiene measures or to see the presence of a thin layer on the surface of the teeth (biofilm) known as dental plaque (Dyvta et.al., 2009).
Method: The research is experimental, adult secang wood is taken and washed using sterile aqua pro injection which is flowed clean, drain, dry and make powder. The powder halved is extracted using different solvents namely ethanol and aquades. Continued making gel with an extract concentration of 10% (w/w). HPMC is dissolved into 50 mL of aquadest on a beaker with a temperature of 80-90 oC, stirred slowly to form a gel mass.
Results and conclusion: The results showed that the gel base of the second and third months had contamination, while in the negative control there was contamination from the first to the third month. Statistical tests showed significant differences between the secang wood extract gel group and the positive control and gel bases. Of microbial contamination test results do not contain Escherichia coli contamination and Salmonella typhi bacteria in wood extract gel preparations for the zero month, first month, second month, and third month of storage, this shows that the gel preparation of secang wood extract is stable based on biological parameters.
Implications of the research: The implication of this research is to produce a natural dye that can be used to detect plaque on the surface of teeth
Half A Loaf is Better Than None: Social Relief Distress Grant Challenges and Benefits to Enhance Food Security
Get PDFBackground: COVID-19-related food supply disruptions exemplified the primary threats to food security. South African government has established a social relief distress (SRD) grant as a temporary social security measure to address food and water insecurity.
Theoretical framework: A hierarchical structure of the sustainable livelihood ladder was used to represent distinct tiers of livelihood advancement, defining the progression from lower levels of vulnerability to higher standards of sustainable and resilient livelihoods.
Methods: This study employed a qualitative research approach to evaluate the significance of the SRD grant. The researchers investigated the perspectives and experiences of the general public by retrieving and purposefully selecting Twitter and Facebook comments and responses to a query titled “Does the R350 SRD grant contribute to food security, what is your take?".
Results: Findings indicate that the R350 grant was a beacon of hope for others, particularly those without the means to ensure food security. However, there is no evidence of how the government prioritized the most vulnerable when distributing the R350 grant.
Conclusion: The paper concluded that additional government support and the permanent establishment of the SRD grant are necessary and contribute positively to improving citizens’ lives. Although the smaller grants, even with top-ups, are insufficient to keep households out of food poverty, they do make a difference
THE LEGAL POLICY ROLE OF GROUNDWATER TAX ON WATER RESOURCES CONSERVATION IN INDONESIA
Get PDFPurpose: This study discusses the role of legal politics in collecting groundwater taxes on water resource conservation and how earmarking taxes in groundwater taxes is an effort to conserve water resources.
Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework for this research is anchored in the intersection of legal and political dimensions within the context of groundwater taxation for water resource conservation in Indonesia. The study recognizes that taxation, as a regulatory instrument, currently falls short in effectively curbing excessive and uncontrolled extraction and utilization of groundwater, primarily due to the comparatively low tax rate in relation to the PDAM clean water tariff.
Method: The study employed a normative juridical method with analytical descriptive specifications, utilizing library materials as primary data, categorized as readily available secondary data. Analytical descriptive research was employed to comprehensively analyze legal facts through a systematic examination of primary and secondary data.
Result and Conclusion: Environmental conservation matters are the scope of local government, which must be regulated in local government taxation politics through regulations for collecting groundwater taxes on water resource conservation. In earmarking, there is a relationship between taxpayers and the benefits obtained from these taxpayers. Earmarking groundwater tax on water resource conservation can overcome environmental damage and benefit taxpayers.
Originality/Value: This research investigates the legal dynamics of groundwater taxation in Indonesia, emphasizing the need for effective conservation measures. Utilizing a normative juridical approach, it explores the role of local government taxation policies and proposes earmarking groundwater taxes to bridge the gap between environmental preservation and taxpayer benefits, offering innovative solutions for sustainable water resource management
Anesthesia for Craniotomy Tumor Removal Patient with Morbid Obesity
Get PDFPurpose: Obesity is one of the greatest health challenges in the western world. Obesity is defined as a body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m2, with BMI >35 and >55 kg/m2 considered ‘morbidly’ obese and ‘super morbidly’ obese, respectively. The aim of this study was to examine anesthetic management for craniotomy tumor removal in patients with morbid obesity.
Design/methodology/data analysis: This research uses a qualitative descriptive research method with a case study approach of a 39 year old female patient with a body weight of 110 kg, height 160 cm, and body mass index (BMI) 42.9 kg/m2, Mallampati score 2, thyromental distance > 3 fingers hospitalized for removal of meningioma. Data collection techniques in this research used literature study, observation and laboratory tests. The data that has been collected is then analyzed descriptively.
Findings: The results of the study showed that in the operating room, the patient was positioned in a neutral position 300 head up and Ramp. Preoxygenation with 100% O2 was performed via a face mask. Anesthesia was maintained with continuous intravenous propofol 25-50 μg/kg/min, intravenous rocuronium 40 mg/h, and volatile anesthesia using sevoflurane 0.5-1%vol with oxygen: air at a fraction of 50%. Monitoring during surgery includes evaluation of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, ECG waves, EtCO2, and urine output. The operation lasted 4 hours in the supine position. Post-surgery patients are then treated in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for one day before being transferred to the ward and finally to a regular room. He received treatment for 5 days before being discharged. Problems faced during anesthesia in obese patients are airway management, ventilation, position, drug dosage, presence of comorbidities and post-operative care for recovery from anesthesia and surgery.
Originality/value: While addressing common challenges encountered during anesthesia in obese patients, this research takes a step further by proposing innovative solutions. The study acknowledges the complexities of airway management, ventilation, positioning, drug dosage, comorbidities, and post-operative care. However, it introduces novel considerations or techniques to mitigate these challenges, possibly involving emerging technologies or interdisciplinary collaboration for enhanced patient outcomes.
Practical implications: The practical implications of this research advocate for a nuanced and individualized approach to anesthetic management in morbidly obese patients undergoing craniotomy tumor removal, fostering improved patient care and safety