Journal of Law and Sustainable Development
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PARÁMETROS EDAFOLOGICOS Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA MICORRIZACION NATURAL DE Catharanthus roseus (L.) EN LA COSTA DE CHIAPAS, MÉXICO
No full textObjetivo: El objetivo fue evaluar la colonización de hongos micorrícicos en dos variedades de C. roseus nativas de la región y su relación con las condiciones edafoclimáticas.
Marco Teórico: En la coste de Chiapas, diversas variedades de C. roseus crecen de manera natural y abundante donde los suelos son arenosos y pobres en materia orgánica, probablemente debido a diversas interacciones con microorganismos rizosféricos que juegan un papel importante en la tolerancia a estas condiciones.
Método: Se analizó la micorrización de dos variedades de C. roseus en 5 transectos desde la costa de Chiapas y hasta 25 km tierra adentro, por tinción con azultripán y por la actividad de la fosfatasa alcalina y se correlacionó con el análisis fisicoquímico del suelo.
Resultados y Discusión: La micorrización fue mayor en la variedad Uva Fría comparada con la variedad Albus, la enzima ALP tuvo um comportamento similar. El K, Na y P afectaron de manera positiva la micorrización, pero el Ca se correlacionó negativamente.
Implicaciones de la Investigación: Esta investigación permite hipotetizar que existen cepas de hongos de la micorriza adaptadas a diferentes ambientes del suelo y que han evolucionado com el huésped.
Originalidad/Valor: Este estudio contribuye a la comprensión de la relación entre la planta huésped, el hongo de la micorriza y las condiciones fisicoquímicas del suelo. Se resalta la importancia el efecto en la tolerancia de la planta a las condiciones del suelo por la presencia del hongo
IMPACTO DEL MONTO DE LOS SUBSIDIOS FEDERALES Y ESTATALES EN EL INCREMENTO DE LA CAPACIDAD DE ACEPTACIÓN DE LAS UNIVERSIDADES PÚBLICAS ESTATALES EN MÉXICO
No full textObjetivo: Evaluar la relación entre el monto total de subsidios federales y estatales, y el incremento en la capacidad de aceptación en las UPES por región.
Marco Teórico: El financiamiento de las UPES es mediante subsidios los cuales le permiten su funcionamiento y cumplimiento de objetivos, entre otros el más importante la cobertura en matrícula, indicador estrictamente relacionado con los montos de subsidio otorgados.
Método: La presente investigación es de corte descriptivo, no experimental que determina variables dependientes e independientes analizando una muestra de 35 Universidades Públicas Estatales, de las cuales se obtuvieron datos sobre su capacidad de aceptación por un periodo de los años 2020 al 2022 y los montos de los subsidios financieros otorgados por el mismo periodo
Resultados y Discusión: Los datos arrojados por las variables fueron analizados mediante el software estadístico Statiscal Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versión 27, donde se mide la relación existente entre las variables
Implicaciones de la Investigación: La educación superior publica es altamente demandada, por ende, las instituciones requieren mayor eficiencia en la administración de los recursos que se otorgan mediante subsidios, los cuales son cada vez más escasos.
Originalidad/Valor: El presente estudio demuestra la relación estrecha entre la capacidad de aceptación de las universidades y el subsidio financiero que perciben, considerando la demanda de educación pública
THE POWERS OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL TO DEFER INVESTIGATIONS AND PROSECUTIONS BEFORE THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT
No full textObjectives: This article aims to analyze the powers of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) under the UN Charter and the Rome Statute, focusing on its authority to refer cases involving international crimes to the International Criminal Court (ICC) and its ability to defer investigations or prosecutions. It seeks to examine the legal foundations, practical implications, and controversies surrounding these powers, particularly their impact on the pursuit of international justice and the prevention of impunity.
Theoretical Framework: The study is rooted in international legal theory and institutional analysis, exploring the intersection between international peacekeeping responsibilities (as defined by the UN Charter) and global criminal justice mechanisms (as established by the Rome Statute). It also considers the principles of the rule of law, accountability, and the doctrine of complementarity, which governs the relationship between the ICC and national jurisdictions.
Method: A doctrinal legal analysis was used to examine the relevant provisions of the UN Charter and the Rome Statute, particularly Articles 13(b) and 16 of the Rome Statute. The analysis includes case studies of actual UNSC referrals (e.g., Darfur and Libya) and deferrals (or attempts thereof), and draws on academic literature, UN documents, and ICC jurisprudence to assess the practical use and limitations of these powers.
Results and Discussion: The article finds that the UNSC holds significant influence over the work of the ICC through its power to: Refer situations involving international crimes to the ICC, including those occurring in non-State Parties. Defer investigations or prosecutions for renewable 12-month periods under Article 16. These powers have been used selectively, raising concerns about politicization, inconsistency, and double standards. While referrals can be a powerful tool in enforcing accountability, deferrals may risk undermining the ICC’s independence and credibility. The dual nature of these powers exemplifies the ongoing tension between the political functions of the UNSC and the judicial mandate of the ICC.
Research Implications: This analysis contributes to the broader discourse on the legitimacy and accountability of international institutions. It underscores the need for clearer criteria and greater transparency in UNSC decisions affecting the ICC, in order to maintain the integrity of international criminal justice and avoid undermining trust in global governance systems.
Originality/Value: The article provides a timely and critical examination of a complex and often controversial aspect of international law. By evaluating both the legal basis and the real-world application of UNSC powers vis-à-vis the ICC, it offers valuable insights into the balance between peace and justice, and advocates for reforms that would ensure a more consistent and principled use of these powers
THE CRIME OF TERRORISM FINANCING IN ALGERIAN LAW
No full textObjective: This research aims to study the crime of terrorist financing under Algerian law, focusing on the legal provisions that address it, its elements and components, as well as the penalties prescribed for it.
Theoretical Framework: This study relies particularly on the laws enacted by the Algerian legislator to combat the phenomenon of terrorist financing. It does so by attempting to analyze and interpret these laws, highlighting what they include in terms of criminalizing this phenomenon and the penalties established for it. Thus, the framework of the study is based primarily on legal texts rather than any other sources.
Methodology: This article is based on the analytical method, by attempting to analyze the legal provisions related to the crime of terrorist financing. This includes studying and extracting the elements of the crime and the penalties prescribed for it. The descriptive method was also used, through the description of certain legal texts and laws and by presenting observations related to the topic.
Results and Discussion: This research has led to several findings, the most important of which is that the Algerian legislator was among the first to criminalize the phenomenon of terrorist financing, considering it a form of terrorist act and prescribing for it the same penalties. Moreover, the Algerian state has ratified numerous international conventions and treaties related to combating and preventing terrorism and its financing, both at the global level under the United Nations and at the regional level within the framework of the African Union and the League of Arab States. These treaties have served as an important source for domestic legislation, especially in matters related to international cooperation in extradition and the monitoring of illicit financial flows directed toward financing terrorism and organized crime.
Research Implications: This research highlights the efforts made by Algeria through its legislative system to combat the crime of terrorist financing, given the threat it poses to the security and stability of states as well as global peace and security. Moreover, the study is expected to enrich the scientific literature related to this subject.
Originality/Value: The originality of this research lies primarily in its reliance on direct sources, namely national laws and international treaties and conventions published in the Official Journal of Algeria, which adds value to the research in this field
THE CONCILIATION AS A PROCEDURAL RESTRICTION FOR FILING ACTION OF THE LIABILITY OF THE AIR CARGO
No full textObjectives: This research aims to study the provisions of conciliation in claims of air cargo carrier liability before specialized commercial courts, focusing on the legal and regulatory aspects governing this specialized judicial authority, particularly the regulation of conciliation procedures prior to filing a lawsuit, and assessing the effectiveness of such procedures on the liability of the air cargo carrier.
Methodology: A descriptive-analytical method was adopted through the study of national legal texts, with an emphasis on analyzing the procedural provisions set forth in Law No. 13-22 amending the Code of Civil and Administrative Procedures.
Results: The legislator’s regulation of the procedural aspects of air cargo carrier liability reflects the particular nature of air cargo transport contracts as commercial contracts. Furthermore, the establishment of mandatory conciliation prior to filing liability claims is considered a fundamental step to save time and costs, contributing to enhancing economic efficiency. It also helps ensure that the injured party obtains the required compensation with minimal effort and delay.
Conclusion: The establishment of mandatory conciliation procedures before specialized commercial courts is a necessary step to achieve a balance between the parties' interests and to guarantee effectiveness and speed in resolving air transport disputes, considering that disputes over air carrier liability constitute the largest share of economically significant air transport contracts. However, this conciliation system still suffers from some shortcomings that the legislator should address in order to achieve the intended objectives
ENFOQUES SOBRE LA RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL EN EL TURISMO: UN ANÁLISIS BIBLIOMÉTRICO
No full textObjetivo: Interpretar la evolución y los enfoques predominantes de la literatura científica en Scopus sobre responsabilidad social y turismo; mediante un análisis bibliométrico que sustente la identificación de estrategias para la toma de decisiones.
Marco Teórico: Se sostiene en el paradigma de la responsabilidad social y su rol para el desarrollo sostenible de la actividad turística tanto a nivel de empresa como de destino.
Método: Bibliométrico longitudinal mediante los software VOSviewer y SPSS. La recolección de datos parte de diversas fuentes de la base datos citada, a través de un enfoque cualicuantitativo, descriptivo y comparativo.
Resultados y Discusión: Entre 2016 y 2024 se identifican 23 estudios bibliométricos sobre responsabilidad social y turismo, en aumento y de interés académico y gerencial, con tres enfoques principales: innovación tecnológica en negocios, sostenibilidad en hospitalidad y turismo, y gestión estratégica sostenible. En el periodo 1988–2024, el tema responsabilidad social y turismo acumula 1090 documentos con crecimiento sostenido y cuatro enfoques jerárquicos: responsabilidad social corporativa en turismo, desarrollo sostenible, sistemas humanos y calidad de vida y salud.
Implicaciones de la investigación: En la primera sección se identifican 12 estrategias respecto la aplicación de las tecnologias, la sostenibilidad en hotelería y turismo, su gestión organizacional. En la segunda parte, las 16 estrategias registradas son funcionales; algunas emergentes sobre economía circular, comunidades locales y diseño de experiencias saludables.
Originalidad/Valor: Destaca el análisis bibliométrico para mapear la dinámica producción científica con un interés práctico. Es relevante la identificación de enfoques y estrategias viables para tomar decisiones responsables en el turismo
IS ITALY-ALBANIA’S REFUGEES PACT A WIN DEAL OR A DEAD END? EXPLORING ITALY-ALBANIA’S REFUGEES PACT UNDER THE 1951’S GENEVA CONVENTION
No full textPurpose: The study explores Italy-Albania’s refugees pact to assess whether it is a win deal or a dead end under the 1951 Convention. The Italy-Albania pact aims to process asylum seekers intercepted in Italy’s territory in Albania. Successful applicants are permitted entry into Italy, while unsuccessful applicants are repatriated. The study is relevant because of Italian’s courts battle against refugees rights violation by the pact.
Theoretical reference: The study adopts Civil Solidarity as a Transformative Practice, and Building an Infrastructure of Dissent, concepts explore Italy-Albania’s pact. Methods: Migration literature review where search strings generated 1,196 hits. After screening, 1,087, and 91 articles excluded and included respectively for review and selected for the write-up.
Results: The study’s findings revealed that the pact was a dead end rather than a win deal. The pact was criticised by migration experts, rights activists, and non-governmental organisations. The Italy-Albania pact’s States’ classification as ‘safe’ and ‘unsafe’ was criticised to be rather the international courts’ duty. Italy-Albania pact contains repatriation clause for unsuccessful refugees, which contravenes non-refoulement; the unsuccessful applicants are to be given a chance to find another State if refugees status will not be granted on humanitarian grounds. The pact indicates that refugees intercepted in Italian waters are screened on-board, which abuses their rights; the Convention enshrined non-penalisation clause to protect refugees rights despite illegal entry.
Implications of research: The paper argues that the Italian government might be aware that the pact is a dead end rather than a win deal, however it was implemented to fulfil campaign promises to the electorates.
Originality/value: The paper therefore concludes that the pact was ‘fruitless venture’, which outcomes indicated a dead end but Italy’s far right ‘desperation’ to gain political recognition, tax payers money was wasted on the pact to indicate that campaign promises fulfilled
PAKISTANI FAMILY COURTS: A GENDER JUSTICE PERSPECTIVE
No full textObjective: The objective of this study is to investigate the role of family courts in addressing and providing speedy justice to women and to analyze the Pakistani family court system through a feminist lens. The aim of the research is to assess the family court system with reference to legal jurisprudence.
Theoretical Framework: For present research, feminist legal theory is employed. Feminist research enables us to understand the importance of a gender-based justice system and provides a solid basis for understanding the legal and socio-cultural context of the family court system.
Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises qualitative research. A self-constructed interview guideline was used. Data collection was carried out through interviews and observation techniques.
Results and Discussion: Interview results revealed that feminist legal theory inspires the Pakistani family court system. The research findings indicate that the procedures for maintenance and guardianship cases are lengthy compared to those for Khul, which is the dissolution of marriage initiated by women. These results are analyzed within the framework of feminist legal theory, emphasizing the implications for gender justice and the support of women and children.
Research Implications: This research has practical and theoretical implications that will assist legal practitioners in improving the status of women by providing insights into how the legal system can be reformed to address the unfair treatment of women within family and marriage institutions. These implications could encompass introducing effective mediation and out-of-court settlement.
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by analyzing the family court system through a feminist lens in Pakistan. The research is an original contribution based on empirical fieldwork. The researcher conducted interviews with legal practitioners who work for the family courts. The relevance and value of this research are demonstrated by its focus on making the legal system more woman-friendly in Pakistan and providing guidelines for improving the family court system there
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVING THE PREPAREDNESS AND CAPACITY OF HEALTH WORKERS IN HANDLING EMERGING NEW DISEASES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
No full textObjective: This study aims to evaluate and recommend efforts to improve the preparedness and capacity of health workers in adapting to health crisis conditions, normal conditions, and handling emerging new diseases.
Theoretical Framework: This study uses a preparedness model based on the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) approach and Lawrence Green's Theory of behavioral
Method: Literature review with article selection process using PRISMA based on databases, (PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar) 2015-2025 with search keywords "Health Workers Preparedness", "Capacity Health Workers" and "New Diseases" based on PICO analysis.
Results and Discussion: Total of 9 articles were selected with the main parameters of preparedness recommended in increasing the capacity of health workers including (1) knowledge, attitudes and practices, (2) adequate facilities and infrastructure in disaster management, (3) disaster training and education, (4) disaster information, (5) coordination and teamwork, (6) safety and security of health workers, (7) infection prevention and control, and (8) emergency response and rehabilitation.
Research Implications: Effective disaster management requires preparation with various strategic plans before a disaster occurs, namely by strengthening the capacity of health workers.
Originality/Value: Effective disaster response requires preparedness and capacity of health workers as well as strategic planning before facing a disaster
ANALYSIS OF THE "ECOGYM" PROGRAM AND ITS IMPACT ON THE HEALTH OF ITS USERS IN BUCARAMANGA-SANTANDER
No full textObjective: This study evaluates the "ECOGYM" program and its impact on the health of its users in Bucaramanga-Santander. The research focuses on understanding the characteristics of users in urban and rural areas of the municipality, examining factors such as frequency, time of use, and equipment preferences. Additionally, it explores the perceived health benefits associated with the program, aiming to provide a comprehensive assessment of its effectiveness and relevance to the community.
Theoretical Framework: Public investments in outdoor fitness parks have increasingly been adopted as strategies to promote health and well-being in urban and rural populations. This study is grounded in theories of public administration and health impact assessment, offering a critical perspective on how such initiatives influence public spending productivity and contribute to broader social outcomes, such as peacebuilding and social cohesion. By contextualizing these parks within a framework of public health policies, the research highlights their potential to address pressing health challenges and foster community engagement.
Method: The research employed a quantitative approach, surveying 120 users across seven ECOGYMs, five located in urban areas and two in rural regions. A non-probabilistic convenience sampling method was used, guided by specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection was conducted using a validated survey instrument, achieving a 100% response rate. The data were analyzed using RStudio, applying descriptive statistical methods and Chi-square tests to determine significant associations with a 95% confidence interval. This methodological rigor ensures the reliability and validity of the findings.
Results and Discussion: The results revealed notable differences in user behavior and preferences between urban and rural settings. Participants frequently cited improved physical fitness and general well-being as primary benefits, with urban users demonstrating higher participation rates compared to their rural counterparts. These findings underscore the importance of outdoor fitness programs in promoting healthy lifestyles while pointing to disparities that need to be addressed for equitable access and impact. Additionally, the research identified challenges, such as maintenance and accessibility issues, which could hinder the program’s effectiveness.
Research Implications: The implications of this study extend beyond the local context, providing valuable insights for policymakers and public health officials. The findings emphasize the necessity of ongoing evaluations of public investments in recreational infrastructure to maximize their benefits and align them with community needs. Moreover, the study contributes to the growing body of literature on outdoor fitness programs, offering evidence-based recommendations for optimizing their design and implementation.
Originality/Value: This research stands out for its comprehensive approach to assessing the impact of outdoor gyms, blending theoretical insights with practical analysis. By examining the intersections of public health, community development, and public policy, it offers a model for evaluating similar initiatives in other regions. The originality of the study lies in its focus on both health outcomes and broader societal implications of such programs, reinforcing their value as tools for fostering sustainable and inclusive development