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A fuzzy hybrid decision-making framework for increasing the hospital disaster preparedness: the colombian case
No full textThe recent increase in the number of disasters over the world has once again brought to the agenda the question of preparedness of the hospitals, which are the most necessary units of healthcare pillar to resist these disasters. The COVID-19 epidemic disease, which has affected the whole world, has caused a large number of people to die in some countries simply because of the inadequate and incomplete planning and lack of readiness of hospitals. For this reason, determining the disaster preparedness level of hospitals is an important issue that needs to be studied and it is important in terms of disaster damage reduction. In this study, a fuzzy hybrid decision-making framework is proposed to assess hospital disaster preparedness. The framework covers three important decision-making methods. For the first phase, Intuitionistic Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (IF-AHP) is used to assign relative weights for several disaster preparedness criteria considering uncertainty. Secondly, Intuitionistic Fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (IF-DEMATEL) is applied to identify interrelations among these criteria and feedback. Finally, via the VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method, priorities of hospitals regarding disaster readiness are obtained. A case study involving the participation of 10 Colombian tertiary hospitals is carried out to show the applicability of this fuzzy hybrid approach
A geomorphological model of susceptibility to the effect of human interventions for environmental licensing determination (SHIELD)
No full textAlmost every country requires some form of environmental licensing prior to the inception of development projects that may affect the integrity of the environment and its social context. We developed a new conceptual and methodological model to instruct the assessment of the potential impacts posed by proposed projects. Susceptibility to Human Interventions for Environmental Licensing Determination (SHIELD) includes a novel geomorphological interpretation of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). It considers the impact of human interventions on geomorphological processes and landscape functioning in the context of the entire ecosystem, going further than the classical concept of vulnerability. Estimated susceptibility of the site informs the screening stage, allowing local conditions to help define the criteria used in the process. Similarly, the level of detail of the environmental baseline is scoped by considering the degree of disturbance of natural processes posed by human intervention. Testing this geomorphological susceptibility model on different kinds of environments would allow shifting the environmental licensing practices from the prevailing anthropocentric and static conception of the environment towards an Ecosystem Approach. SHIELD addresses the need to improve the screening and scoping stages that form the basis of the rest of any EIA. SHIELD introduces several innovations to EIA including the incorporation of fuzzy logic, a preassembled database of contributions form experts, and a shifting of emphasis from the type of proposed intervention to the type of environment and its relative susceptibility
Urban integration of the movement: continuity, accessibility and structuring in the Ayacucho Tram System, Medellín
No full textCentrados en el sentido de urbanidad, el presente artículo se ha planteado como una aproximación a la capacidad de transformación que tiene el binomio sistema de espacio público - sistema de transporte público, en los procesos de reestructuración y/o recualificación urbana en distintos contextos geográficos. Lo anterior, se aborda en términos de la subsanación o del reacomodo morfológico de ciertas rupturas que presenta el tejido urbano frente a la idea del espacio público como sistema polisémico de articulación, estructuración y soporte de la ciudad. Los aportes
urbanos suscitados a partir de la reimplementación del transporte público guiado en la ciudad, pueden apreciarse a la luz del análisis del caso del canal tranviario de Ayacucho en la ciudad de Medellín, actuación urbana que ha representado una herramienta significativa de “hacer ciudad”, de la cual se concluye que se ha consolidado como una pauta de crecimiento que ha permitido,
a su vez, proyectar con cierto grado de certeza un desarrollo urbano en un tiempo consensuado a partir de políticas públicas. Esta intervención ha posibilitado también la conformación de un ambiente urbano flexible (polivalente), propicio para la generación de intercambios espontáneos y la reconexión entre las instancias (actividades y lugares) urbanas que presentaba el tejido urbano con las nuevas instancias urbanas que se han generado a partir de la implementación del tranvíaFocused on the sense of urbanity, this article has been proposed as an approximation to the transformation capacity of the binomial public space system - public transport system, in the process of urban restructuring and / or requalification in different geographical contexts. The above is approached in terms of the correction or morphological rearrangement of certain ruptures that the urban fabric presents, inside the idea of public space as a polysemic system of articulation, structuring and support of the city. The urban contributions raised from the re-implementation of guided public transport in the city can be seen through the analysis of Ayacucho tramway in the city of Medellín. This is considered an urban action that has represented a significant way of “making a city”. From which it is concluded, this project has been consolidated as a growth guideline that has allowed to project urban development with a certain degree of certainty in a consensual time based on public policies. This intervention has also made possible the creation of a flexible (multipurpose) urban environment, conducive to generate spontaneous exchanges and reconnect urban instances (activities and places) that were present before with the new urban instances that have been generated over time through this intervention
A multicriteria approach to integrating occupational safety & health performance and industry systems productivity in the context of aging workforce: A case study
No full textAging represents one of the greatest challenges that mankind will have to face in the 21st century. In this regard, there is a need to deepen the technical and organizational aspects for rebalancing the job/employee relationship. Nevertheless, there are no robust approaches assisting decision-makers in the effective management of Occupational Safety & Health Performance (OSHP) and Industry Systems Productivity (ISP) convergence with a focus on Aging Workforce (AW). There is no single and unique solution. Therefore, in a win-to-win logic that favors the characteristic of the reference scenario, the aim of this paper is to propose a multicriteria approach to integrate OSHP and ISP in the context of AW. More specifically, Intuitionistic Fuzzy Analytic Hieararchy Process (IF-AHP) was used to elicit the criteria and sub-criteria under uncertainty considering degree of belongingness and non-belongingness. Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) was applied to evaluate the presence and strength of the interrelations and feedback among OSHP and ISP criteria and sub-criteria. Finally, Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo) was implemented to calculate a Working Suitability Index (WSI) per aging. Based on this index, interventions on each worker are proposed to underpin redesign of the company while to provide a flexible management propelling high performance in terms of OSHP and ISP. A real case study in Colombia is presented. The results revealed that Efficiency and Quality with 0.162 were found to be the most important factors in evaluating the performance of aging electrical engineers while Psychosocial risk and Occupational Safety were concluded to be the main drivers for a joint OSHP-ISP aging workforce management. The model can be an useful tool for policy and business decision-makers from the electrical sector and can be replicated with slight changes in other industries.10576
Ambulances deployment problems: categorization, evolution and dynamic problems review
No full textIn this paper, an analytic review of the recent methodologies tackling the problem of dynamic allocation of ambulances was carried out. Considering that state-of-the-art is moving to deal with more extensive and dynamic problems to address in a better way real-life instances, this research looks to identify the evolution and recent applications of this kind of problem once the basic models are explored. This extensive review allowed us to identify the most recent developments in this problem and the most critical gaps to be addressed. In this sense, it is essential to point out that the dynamic location of emergency medical services (EMS) is nowadays a relevant topic considering its impact on the healthcare system outcomes. Issues related to forecasting, simulation, heterogeneous fleets, robustness, and solution speed for real-life problems, stand out in the identified gaps. Applications of machine learning the deployment challenges during epidemic outbreaks such as SARS and COVID-19 were also explored. At the same time, a proposed notation tries to tackle the fact that the word problem in this kind of work refers to a model on many occasions. The proposed notation eases the comparison between the different model proposals found in the literature
Bases del 2do concurso de Literatura Gamer en Bibliounicosta
No full textLa Biblioteca de la Universidad de la Costa, orgullosamente presenta la segunda edición de nuestro concurso de Literatura Gamer, donde el usuario que logre realizar el resumen más impactante y atractivo acorde al juicio de los jurados evaluadores será reconocido como el ganador
Orientación vocacional como escenario de dinamización del proyecto de vida en estudiantes del nivel de la media académica
No full textLa presente investigación caracteriza los factores que inciden en la orientación vocacional y en la construcción del proyecto de vida de los estudiantes, con el fin de diseñar un programa de orientación vocacional útil a los educandos del nivel de la media. La investigación tiene un enfoque cualitativo, desde el diseño fenomenológico, utilizando técnicas de recolección de información como la encuesta, la entrevista semiestructurada, la revisión y análisis documental; a través de los instrumentos: cuestionario, guía de entrevista y formatos de revisión documental. Estos instrumentos aportaron como resultados que la mayoría de los estudiantes manifiestan autonomía respecto a su carrera u ocupación preferida; inclinándose por opciones diferentes a las del campo. Desde su proyecto de vida, la mayoría desea consolidar una familia y estudiar una carrera universitaria, existiendo la preocupación por los medios económicos. Por su parte, un alto porcentaje de los padres desean que sus hijos estudien una carrera, respetando sus preferencias; y manifiestan contar con los recursos económicos necesarios para apoyarlos en la educación superior. En cuanto a los egresados, estos expresan haber recibido orientación vocacional en la etapa escolar, pero coinciden con lo planteado por los estudiantes y padres de familia, quienes consideran que surge de la iniciativa informal de algunos docentes. La triangulación de perspectivas de estos actores permitió concluir que los factores relevantes que inciden en la orientación vocacional son el contexto socio-cultural; la actitud de los padres, los estudiantes y los docentes; las áreas de interés y las ofertas educativas. El proyecto de vida es motivado por factores como el laboral, profesional, económico, emocional y familiar.This research characterizes the factors that influence vocational orientation and the construction of the students' life project, with the purpose of designing a vocational orientation program useful for high school students. The research has a qualitative approach, from the phenomenological design, using information gathering techniques such as survey, semistructured interview, documentary review and analysis; through the instruments: questionnaire, interview guide and documentary review forms. The results of these instruments showed that most of the students expressed autonomy regarding their preferred career or occupation, leaning towards options other than those in the field. From their life project, most of them wish to consolidate a family and study a university career, with concern for economic means. On the other hand, a high percentage of parents want their children to study a career, respecting their preferences, and state that they have the necessary economic resources to support them in higher education. As for the graduates, they express having received vocational guidance at school, but coincide with what was stated by the students and parents, who consider that it arises from the informal initiative of some teachers. The triangulation of the perspectives of these actors led to the conclusion that the relevant factors that influence vocational guidance are the socio-cultural context; the attitude of parents, students and teachers; the areas of interest and the educational offers. The life project is motivated by factors such as labor, professional, economic, emotional and family factors.Lista de tablas y figuras 12 – Introducción 14 -- Capítulo I 17 -- Problema de investigación 17 -- Planteamiento del problema 17 --Formulación del problema 21 -- Preguntas asociadas 21 -- Objetivos 22 -- Objetivo general 22 -- Objetivos específicos 22 -- Justificación 23 -- Dimensiones temáticas y organizacionales 25 -- Capítulo II 27 -- Marco teórico-conceptual 27 -- Estado del arte 27 -- Antecedentes internacionales – categoría orientación vocacional 27 -- Antecedentes nacionales – categoría orientación vocacional 31 -- Antecedentes regionales – categoría orientación vocacional 36 -- Antecedentes internacionales – categoría proyecto de vida 39 -- Antecedentes nacionales – categoría proyecto de vida 44 -- Antecedentes regionales – categoría proyecto de vida 50 -- Bases teóricas 53 -- Teoría evolutiva del desarrollo profesional 53 -- Orientación vocacional 53 -- Teoría sociológica de elección vocacional 55 -- Teoría tipológica de la vocación 57 --Teoría de las inteligencias múltiples 60 -- Proyecto de vida 62 --Marco legal 65 -- Operacionalización de las categorías 71 -- Capítulo III 76 -- Marco metodológico 76 -- Paradigma de investigación 76 -- Tipo de investigación 77 -- Escenarios y actores 78 -- Técnicas e instrumentos de la investigación 78 -- Validación 80 -- Proceso de análisis de la información 81 -- Capítulo IV 82 -- Análisis de resultados y discusión 82 -- Orientación vocacional 88 -- Proyecto de vida 91 -- Análisis de programas de orientación vocacional 94 -- Capítulo V 98 -- Programa de orientación vocacional: “mi decisión, mi futuro” 98 -- Conclusiones 119 -- Recomendaciones 121 --Referencias 122Magíster en Educación – Modalidad VirtualMaestrí
Developed teamwork optimizer for model parameter estimation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell
No full textThis paper proposes a new optimal methodology for model parameters estimation of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell. The main purpose here is to design a newly developed metaheuristic technique to deliver a model with higher accuracy. In this study, we utilized two modifications for the Teamwork Optimizer to get higher accuracy. The two modifiers are opposition-based learning and chaotic mechanism. The results show that using the opposition-based learning, the population diversity has been kept, owing to the greater population size due to the solution space, and using the Chaos theory, the population diversity has been increased. This is proved by applying the Improved Teamwork Optimizer to minimize the Root Mean Square Error and Integral Absolute Error between the suggested model and empirical data. The validation has been done by applying the proposed Improved Teamwork Optimizer to two studied cases, which are Nexa Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell and NedSstack PS6 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, and comparing it with other published works. Simulation results showed that the proposed method with 1.14 Integral Absolute Error and 0.21 Root Mean Square Error for NedSstack PS6 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and with 12 Integral Absolute Error and 0.17 Root Mean Square Error for Nexa Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells provides the minimum error value among the other optimization techniques. This shows the higher potential of the proposed method for use as the parameter estimator for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Indirect costs of diabetes mellitus in Colombia, 1998-2019
No full textTo estimate the indirect costs related to productivity losses attributable to premature mortality by diabetes mellitus (DM) in Colombia, 1998-2017. Retrospective analysis from the human capital approach. We estimated the potential productivity years of life lost (PYLLs) related to DM deaths. We obtained mortality data from death certificates of the Colombian statistics bureau. PYLLs were assessed considering the productive lifetime in Colombia (ranged from 18 to 57 years in women and up to 62 for men) and the age of death (adjusted for mid-period). Two scenarios were built to value premature mortality: 1) Lower loss: PYLLs were quantified. Between 1998-2019, Colombia reported 157,156 DM deaths, 81% occurred over 60 years of age, and 57% in women. Premature DM deaths accounted for 260,879 PYLLs, 62.4% in men and 57.6% in population aged 40-64 years. The non-discounted costs related to DM premature mortality range between US573 million–1 billion. For 2019, these costs range between US$. We valued the economic burden due to DM premature deaths in Colombia. To complete this burden, it is necessary to include direct costs, out-of-pocket health expenditures, and indirect costs associated with loss of productivity owing to disability
Evaluación de la calidad de agua para riego en unidades productivas agrícolas en el departamento de Sucre, Colombia
No full textEl departamento de Sucre, Norte de Colombia se ha caracterizado por su vocación ganadera y agrícola, siendo la agricultura la fuente principal de subsistencia de esta región. En la presente investigación se tuvo como objetivo evaluar la calidad de las fuentes de agua superficiales empleadas en sistemas de riego en 141 unidades productivas agrícolas (Upas) de pequeños agricultores en cinco municipios priorizados del departamento de Sucre, (Norte de Colombia), se analizó una fuente de agua por cada predio, tomándose una muestra para cada fuente de agua. Para ello se determinaron 22 parámetros fisicoquímicos los cuales se compararon con estándares internacionales propuestos por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO) y la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Se midió salinidad y sodicidad utilizando el diagrama de clasificación de aguas para riego y con un análisis de correlación se determinó el grado de asociación existente entre las 22 variables. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que los parámetros evaluados clasifican al agua analizada como apropiada para usar en sistemas de riego, el pH presentó valor máximo y mínimo de 9.32 y 4.40 respectivamente, los valores máximos y mínimos de conductividad eléctrica (CE) fueron 669 y 19.80 µS cm-1 respectivamente, los valores máximos y mínimos de sólidos totales disueltos (SDT) fueron: 478 y 11.80 mgL-1 respectivamente y los valores máximos y mínimos de relación de adsorción de sodio (RAS) fueron: 1.72 y 0.01 meq L-1 respectivamente. Las concentraciones de cationes y aniones estuvieron en el rango límite permitido por la FAO y la OMS. Por otro lado, las aguas de acuerdo con el diagrama de clasificación para riego se clasificaron como aguas C1S1 y C2S1, es decir aguas que no presentan restricción para ser usadas en sistemas de riego, agua tipo (I) y tipo (II).The department of Sucre, in northern Colombia, is predominantly a ranching and agricultural region where agriculture is the main source for livelihoods. The purpose of this study was to assess the physicochemical quality of surface water in irrigation systems at 141 farms. A water source for each property, taking a sample for each water source. To this end, 22 physicochemical parameters were selected and compared with the international standards proposed by the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Salinity and sodicity were measured using the irrigation water classification diagram, and the level of correlation between the 22 variables was assessed by means of correlation analysis. The results obtained indicate that based on the measured parameters, the water is classified as appropriate for use in irrigation systems. The maximum and minimum pH values were 9.32 and 4.40, respectively; the maximum and minimum values of electrical conductivity (EC) were 669 and 19.80 µS cm-1 respectively; the maximum and minimum values of total dissolved solids (TDS) were 478 and 11.80 mgL-1 respectively, and the maximum and minimum values of the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) were 1.72 and 0.01 meq L 1 respectively. Cation and anion concentrations were within the limits allowed by the FAO and the WHO. According to the irrigation water classification diagram, the waters were classified as C1S1 and C2S1, which implies that there are no restrictions for their use in irrigation systems, water type (I) and type (II).Introduccion 12
Planteamiento del problema 13
Justificación 18
Objetivos 21
Objetivos general 21
Objetivos específicos 21
Capítulo I 21
Marco teórico 21
Aguas superficiales 22
Calidad del agua 22
Efectos asociados a la mala calidad de agua de riego 23
Aplicación de fertilizantes 23
Eutrofización 24
Parámetros físicos y químicos que afectan al agua para riego 24
Conductividad eléctrica (CE) 24
Sólidos disueltos totales (SDT) 25
pH del agua 25
Relación de adsorción de sodio (RAS) 26
Salinidad 28
Sodicidad 29
Toxicidad por iones específicos 30
Sodio 30
Diagrama de clasificación agua para riego 31
Estado del arte 32
Área de estudio 39
Capítulo I 42
Metodología 42
Recolección de muestras de agua 44
Procedimiento de toma de muestra: 44
Análisis de calidad en el laboratorio 45
Clasificación de las muestras analizada 47
Análisis de datos por correlación de Pearson47
Determinación de salinidad y sodicidad 47
Diagrama de clasificación de agua para riego 47
Acciones para la conservación de la calidad del agua en las unidades productivas agrícola. 48
Capitulo III 48
Resultados48
Variables fisicoquímicos de la calidad del agua 48
Clasificación del agua para riego analizada 57
Acciones de manejo propuesta para mantener las características de calidad del agua para riego 58
Plan de acción 60
Discusión 63
Capitulo IV 68
Conclusiones 68
Referencias69
Anexos 82Magíster en Investigación en Desarrollo Sostenible MIDESMaestrí