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An analytic hierarchy process based approach for evaluating feasibility of offshore wind farm on the colombian caribbean coast
No full textPlanning a wind power generation project is intricate, considering the number of variables to be careful in the acceptable zone selection for its siting. One of the difficulties of developing a wind farm is finding the most satisfactory location to build it; this can take years of feasibility studies. The main objective of this research is to use the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to prioritize a group of criteria and sub-criteria as decision-making support for the selection of suitable areas in which implementing wind energy projects in the Colombian Caribbean Sea. The criteria to be applied in this study were selected based on the most recurrently employed criteria in other research papers and the experience of the authors. Thus, a hierarchical structure with 4 criteria (technical, environmental, social, and economic) and 14 subcriteria was implemented. All criteria were prioritized using the methodology proposed by AHP, for which 10 experts with experience in offshore wind projects were consulted, through a form designed with a matrix structure. The results allowed prioritizing a set of criteria necessary for offshore energy planning projects, in which the criteria of Protected Area (19.62%), Wind Speed (13.84%) and Military Areas (9.79%) were the most relevant
Categorización de los efectos de las prácticas de gestión del conocimiento en las pymes: una revisión de la literatura
No full textLarge firms have managed to design robust knowledge management (KM)
systems that help to create more effective responses to turbulent environments. On
contrary, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which often suffer from the
liability of smallness, usually carry out KM practices in a more informal and less
planned manner. The objective of this research is to characterize the effects of KM
practices in SMEs. The designed documentary review systematically analyzed 276
publications in journals indexed in Scopus in 2022. The main results suggest a tendency
to study the dimensions of KM, such as dynamic technological capability, human
capital, and their effects on financial and innovative performance, among others. The
findings contribute to the literature by reordering information provided by scientific
publications and revealing the dependent, mediating, and moderating variables linked
to KM that are currently used by SMEs.Debido a la mayor disponibilidad de recursos, las grandes empresas han
logrado diseñar robustos sistemas de gestión del conocimiento (GC) útiles para crear
respuestas a entornos turbulentos; sin embargo, la pequeña y mediana empresa
(PYME), al poseer características especiales y menos recursos, normalmente realizan
prácticas de GC de manera más informal y menos planificada, lo que ha dificultado
su estudio a pesar de la relevancia ampliamente demostrada de este tipo de empresa
para la competitividad. En este sentido, el objetivo es caracterizar los efectos de las
prácticas de GC en las PYME. Para esto se diseñó un trabajo de revisión documental
que analizó sistemáticamente 276 publicaciones obtenidas de Scopus en 2022. Los
principales resultados sugieren una tendencia a estudiar las dimensiones de la GC
como la capacidad dinámica tecnológica, capital humano y su efecto en el desempeño
financiero e innovador, entre otros. Los resultados constituyen un aporte a la
literatura al reordenar la información que se encuentra dispersa y develar las variables
dependientes, mediadoras y moderadoras utilizadas actualmente en la GC en PYME
Adsorptive behavior of the rare earth elements Ce and La on a soybean pod derived activated carbon: application in synthetic solutions, real leachate and mechanistic insights by statistical physics modeling
No full textIn this study, we aimed to produce a sustainable and efficient powdered activated carbon (SP-AC) and evaluate its adsorptive abilities to uptake and recover rare earth elements (REEs) from synthetic solutions containing lanthanum (La(III)) and cerium (Ce(III)), and real leachate, from phosphogypsum, containing several REEs. The adsorbent material was subjected to several characterization techniques to understand its physicochemical and adsorptive properties. The characterization results indicated that the activated carbon prepared in this work possesses a specific surface area, pore volume, and average pore diameter of 614 m2g−1, 0.121 cm3g−1, and 3.65 nm, respectively. Interestingly, the adsorbent material exhibited a highly negatively charged surface which was extremely beneficial for La(III) and Ce(III), which are positively charged and therefore were easily attracted to each other. The kinetic data were well fitted by pseudo-second-order, while the Liu model agreeably fitted equilibrium data. The maximum adsorption capacities for Ce(III) and La(III) were 107.7 and 127.2 mg g−1 at 298 K, respectively. The thermodynamic data indicated that the adsorption systems between SP-AC and both REEs were favorable, spontaneous, and exothermic. The adsorption mechanisms between SP-AC and the two REEs were proposed based on the experimental results, adsorbent characteristics, and statistical physics approach. Pore filling and ion exchange were the main mechanisms, although surface complexation was also involved. Finally, the SP-AC was employed to recover many REEs from real phosphogypsum leachate, demonstrating that SP-AC can selectively recover REEs in the real process
El hacinamiento carcelario y su influencia en el estado de cosas inconstitucionales que padecen los reclusos de los centros penitenciarios de la ciudad de Barranquilla
No full textEsta investigación tiene como finalidad Identificar las causas estructurales del hacinamiento carcelario y su influencia en el estado de cosas inconstitucionales que padecen los reclusos de los centros penitenciarios de Barranquilla. Método: Investigación dogmático-jurídica con técnicas de hermenéutica jurídica que se inscribe en la línea de investigación: Neurociencia cognitiva y salud mental, y en la sublínea: Relaciones Individuo-Estado, Democracia y Ciudadanía. Se emplearon técnicas de investigación etnográfica con enfoque cualitativo y de tipo no experimental. Resultados: en las cárceles de Barranquilla no hay coherencia entre lo consignado en la Constitución y la realidad debido al hacinamiento; la infraestructura en mal estado, las celdas pequeñas, 800 reos en 12 celdas. Cuyas causas estructurales son la nula resocialización de internos, penas carcelables a todos los delitos, incluyendo los menores, Políticas públicas mal implementadas y Centros de detención transitorias como cárceles para pagar penas. Conclusión: Se logró identificar las causas estructurales del hacinamiento carcelario y unificar las causas estructurales del hacinamiento carcelario y el estado de cosas inconstitucionales que padecen los reclusos.The purpose of this research is to identify the structural causes of prison overcrowding and its influence on the unconstitutional state of affairs suffered by the inmates of the penitentiary centers of Barranquilla. Method: Dogmatic-legal research with techniques of legal hermeneutics that is part of the research line: Cognitive neuroscience and mental health, and in the sub-line: Individual-State Relations, Democracy and Citizenship. Ethnographic research techniques with a qualitative and non-experimental approach were used. Results: in the prisons of Barranquilla there is no coherence between what is stated in the Constitution and the reality due to overcrowding; infrastructure in poor condition, small cells, 800 inmates in 12 cells. The structural causes are the lack of resocialization of inmates, prison sentences for all crimes, including juvenile offenses, poorly implemented public policies and temporary detention centers as prisons to pay sentences. Conclusion: It was possible to identify the structural causes of prison overcrowding and unify the structural causes of prison overcrowding and the unconstitutional state of affairs suffered by inmatesLista de Tablas y Figuras 8 – Introducción 9 -- Planteamiento Del Problema 10 -- Objetivos 17 -- Objetivo General 17 -- Objetivos Específicos 17 – Justificación 18 -- Delimitación 20 -- Delimitación Espacial 20 -- Delimitación Temporal 20 -- Delimitación Científica 20 -- Marco Teórico & Metodología Propuesta 21 -- Antecedentes de Investigación 21 -- Internacionales 21 -- Nacionales 25 -- Bases Teóricas 32 -- Referentes Históricos 43 -- Referentes Contextuales 48 -- Marco Constitucional, Legal y Jurisprudencial 50 -- Marco Constitucional 50 -- Marco Legal 52 -- Marco Jurisprudencial 55 -- Metodología Propuesta 66 -- Tipo y Enfoque de Investigación 66 -- Procedimientos Metodológicos 67 -- Informe Final 74 -- Análisis y Discusión de Resultados 74 -- Observar el Estado de Cosas Inconstitucionales que Padecen los Reclusos de las Cárceles en Barranquilla por el Hacinamiento Carcelario 76 -- Precisar la Postura de la Corte Constitucional ante las Causas Estructurales del Hacinamiento Carcelario de las Cárceles en Barranquilla 78 -- Reconocer las Consecuencias que Padecen las Personas Privadas de la Libertad (PPL) en la Ciudad de Barranquilla a causa del Hacinamiento Carcelario 81 -- Conclusiones 86 -- Recomendaciones 88 -- Referencias 90 -- Anexos 99Abogado(a)Pregrad
Historiography and Marxism in Colombia in the second half of the 20th century
No full textEste articulo analiza la producción historiográfica de textos sobre Karl Marx, el marxismo, y autores abiertamente marxistas en Colombia en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. El objetivo principal es reconocer la importancia de las técnicas y teorías relacionadas con el estudio de la historia adelantadas por autores afines al marxismo, a la doctrina del materialismo histórico, enfatizando en el estudio de las relaciones de producción, y su aplicación científica y política. Tiene como hipótesis definir la relación entre marxismo e historiografía, y los principales aportes de la historiografía marxista a la academia de Colombia. El diseño metodológico hace una revisión conceptual, histórica y jurídica. A manera de reflexión, destacó el impulso que dio el discurso del marxismo y los marxistas al modo de lucha de los trabajadores, los gremios y las organizaciones de los círculos de los estudiosos.This article analyzes the historiographical production of texts on Karl Marx, Marxism, and openly Marxist authors in Colombia in the second half of the 20th century. The main objective is to recognize the importance of the techniques and theories related to the study of history advanced by authors related to Marxism, to the doctrine of historical materialism, emphasizing the study of relations of production, and its scientific and political application. Its hypothesis is to define the relationship between Marxism and historiography, and the main contributions of Marxist historiography to the Colombian academy. The methodological design makes a conceptual, historical and legal review. By way of reflection, he highlighted the impulse that the discourse of Marxism and the Marxists gave to the way of struggle of the workers, the unions and the organizations of the circles of scholars
Financial consumer protection: new ways to understand financial business in Colombia
No full textSe presentan resultados de investigación sobre la regulación de la protección del consumidor financiero frente al régimen contractual en Colombia como una alternativa judicial de solución de controversias ante la contratación estandarizada, con el objetivo de determinar si los principios que inspiran la protección del consumidor financiero resuelven problemas contractuales propuestos ante la justicia ordinaria. El problema de investigación se abordó desde el paradigma de la hermenéutica comprensiva, a partir del enfoque dogmático como método para el análisis de la principialística de la contratación aplicada a los negocios jurídicos financieros y el derecho del consumidor financiero. Se trata de una investigación teórica y documental. A partir de los resultados del análisis se encuentra que los principios desarrollados por el derecho del consumidor financiero son mandatos de optimización que ordenan subreglas contractuales de interpretación y aplicación generalResearch results on the regulation of financial consumer protection against the contractual regime in Colombia are presented as a judicial alternative for dispute resolution in the face of standardized contracting, with the aim of determining whether the principles that inspire financial consumer protection solve problems. Contractual agreements proposed before the ordinary courts. The research problem was approached from the paradigm of comprehensive hermeneutics, from the dogmatic approach as a method for the analysis of the principialistics of contracting applied to financial legal business and financial consumer law. It is a theoretical and documentary research. Based on the results of the analysis, it is found that the principles developed by the financial consumer law are optimization mandates that order contractual sub-rules of interpretation and general application
Clinical features and real-world pharmacological treatment of severe atopic dermatitis in Colombia: data from an ongoing national registry of patients (RENDAC)
No full textIntroduction: The development of an atopic dermatitis (AD) national registry offers a representative view of disease status and its medical management. We sought to characterize clinical features, severity rates and real-world pharmacological treatment in Colombia. Methods: An ongoing National Registry of Patients with AD in Colombia was created in July-2021. Data from 906 medical records were extracted based on a structured form. Cases were diagnosed by a dermatologist in the outpatient service. Descriptive statistics are reported. Results: Mean age was 22.3 SD±15.6 years-old, half of patients were children (55.3%). Most patients were phototype III (64.5%) and IV (25.7%). SCORAD was reported in 37.4% of records; 39.5% (CI95%:34.2-44.9), 44.3% (38.8-49.7) and 16.2% (12.2–20.3) of cases were classified as mild, moderate, and severe, respectively. SCORAD correlated with age (rho=0.24, p<0.0001) and was similar between sexes. The severe group was in average older (28.1 years SD±23.28) than other groups (mild: 15.2 SD ±15.3, moderate: 18.52 SD ±15.1)) and had significantly higher total IgE levels and eosinophil counts. Most patients received emollients (89%) and topical corticosteroids (57%) for treatment. In the severe group, 40% received systemic immunosuppressants (24%), being methotrexate the most common (22%), 22% received calcineurin-inhibitors and 33% high potency topical corticosteroids. Dupilumab was the only prescribed biologic (15% among severe cases). Conclusions: Frequency and stronger type-2 responses observed in severe AD coincides with expected rates and patterns reported in the literature. Prescription of recommended pharmacological measures for severe DA was lower than expected. Barrier access to medication must be investigated
Public policies, rights, and dental health programs in the United States of America: implementation and access to care
No full textEl artículo tiene como propósito identificar la estructura de la política de salud pública en los Estados Unidos de América (EE. UU.) y la ejecución de los programas de salud bucal, los medios utilizados y el acceso de la población a éstos. Se orienta al enfoque cualitativo, apoyado en el paradigma interpretativo de documentos que aportan información de fuentes oficiales del gobierno, de entidades de salud pública, dependencias federales, estatales y locales, artículos científicos y literatura acerca del tema. El estudio esta categorizado con diseño documental-bibliográfico, el método utilizado fue el de análisis-síntesis. Los resultados revelan que las políticas de salud pública están formuladas según los niveles administrativos: federal, estatal y local, no obstante, la autonomía en cada estado permite definir normas adecuadas a su contexto geográfico. El acceso gratuito a la asistencia médica o de bajo costo, está condicionado a unos términos de elegibilidad a los planes del gobierno: Medicaid y Medicare, los cuales no contemplan asistencia dental. Servicios de prevención y fluoración son las estrategias más comunes aplicadas por proveedores de salud dental. Se concluye que, en el ciclo de la política de salud pública existe cohesión entre los niveles de gobierno y los actores. La falta de priorización de la salud dental como política pública no es exclusividad en USA, es un patrón mundial, vulnerando los derechos al acceso, desigualdad, condicionadas por costos elevados que representan servicios dentales. Se recomienda que las propuestas del gremio odontológico para la reformar la política de salud dental sean promovidas y visibles a toda la comunidad interesada en esta área.The purpose of the article is to identify the structure of public health policy in the United States of America (USA) and the execution of oral health programs, the means used and the population’s access to them. It is oriented towards a qualitative approach, supported by the interpretive paradigm of documents that provide information from official government sources, public health entities, federal, state, and local agencies, scientific articles, and literature on the topic. The study is categorized with a documentary-bibliographic design, the method used was analysis-synthesis. The results reveal that public health policies are formulated according to the administrative levels: federal, state, and local; however, the autonomy in each state allows defining norms appropriate to its geographical context. Access to free or low-cost medical care is conditioned by certain terms of eligibility for government plans: Medicaid and Medicare, which do not include dental care. Prevention and fluoridation services are the most common strategies applied by dental health providers. It is concluded that, in the public health policy cycle, there is cohesion between the levels of government and the actors. The lack of prioritization of dental health as a public policy is not exclusive to the USA, it is a global pattern, violating the rights to access, inequality, conditioned by the high costs of dental services. It is recommended that the dental union’s proposals for health policy reform should be promoted and visible to the whole stakeholders’ community
Evaluation of ultra-high-performance concrete columns at high temperatures after 180 days of curing
No full textUltra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is a material that has high compactness, low porosity, and high mechanical strength, with especially high tensile strength. Due to these characteristics, the behavior of the material when exposed to high temperatures is debatable. The high amount of fibers in the mixture, which makes UHPC present a high tensile strength, is seen as one of the arguments for the good performance of the material when exposed to high temperatures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the behaviors of ultra-high-performance concrete columns with hybrid steel and polypropylene fibers and no loose reinforcements when subjected to elevated temperatures after 180 days of curing. The exposure of concrete with a low age, less than 90 days, to high temperatures results in greater damage to the concrete due to spalling, and because of this, this study sought to evaluate the UHPC with a higher age. Two columns were manufactured with a cross-section of 250 mm × 250 mm and a height of 2800 mm. A heating regime followed the heating curve of standard ISO 834-1. The physical characteristics of the samples were evaluated during and after exposure to high temperatures with measurements of the decreases in the cross-section and surface aspect. Effects on the compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and apparent density were evaluated with cylindrical test bodies of 100 mm in diameter and 200 mm in height. These samples were cured for 180 days, subjected to the same heating regime, and evaluated after cooling. The results showed an increase in the compressive strength with an increasing temperature up to a factor of 30% at a temperature of 400 °C. The modulus of elasticity and apparent density decreased gradually as the temperature increased, with maximum decreases of 29% and 6%, respectively. Throughout heating, audible cracks were heard from the columns because of spalling. The spalling frequency peaked at an oven temperature of 600 °C, and testing was suspended at 78 min after the complete rupture of a column section. On average, 46.5% of the column cross-sections suffered from spalling
Estrategias para la adopción de procesos de innovación en unidades productivas agropecuarias del Departamento de la Guajira - Colombia: revisión literaria y aproximación sistémica
No full textFrom the appearance of man to the present, food production has been a critical issue in ensuringthe survival of the human species. Over the centuries, agricultural production has evolved with the domestication of plant and animal species and the emergenceof technologies and techniques in production processes, affecting population growthand cities. The research seeks to describe the strategies for adopting innovation processes in the Department of La Guajira -Colombia agricultural production units.The results show that, in the last four decades, innovation strategies have begun to be discussed as a term that has evolved, going from incorporating new technologies to including elements related to efficiency, economic sustainability, sustainability, redesign of organizational structures, and the implementation of best practices that result in quality, quantity, safety and hygiene of agricultural activities. It is concluded that the studies on innovation strategies in agricultural productive units can be about phenomena that promote agricultural innovation, agricultural production models,and improvements in agricultural production processes, of which there is evidence of application in the Department of La GuajiraDesde la aparición del hombre hasta la actualidad, la producción de alimentos ha sido un asunto crítico para asegurar la supervivencia de la especie humana. En el trasegar de los siglos, la producción agropecuaria ha evolucionado con la domesticación de especies de plantas y animales, el surgimiento de tecnologías y técnicas en los procesos productivos, incidiendo en el crecimiento de la población y las ciudades. La presente investigación pretendió describir las estrategias para la adopción de procesos de innovación en unidades productivas agropecuarias del Departamento de La Guajira – Colombia. Los resultados muestran que, en las últimas cuatro décadas, se ha empezado a hablar sobre estrategias de innovación como un término que ha evolucionado, pasando de incorporar nuevas tecnologías hacia la inclusión de elementos relacionados con la eficiencia, sostenibilidad económica, sustentabilidad, rediseño de las estructuras organizacionales, y la puesta en marcha de mejores prácticas que redunden en calidad, cantidad, inocuidad e higiene de las actividades agropecuarias. Se concluye que los estudios sobre las estrategias de innovación en unidades productivas agropecuarias pueden ser sobre fenómenos que promueven la innovación agropecuaria, los modelos de producción agropecuaria y mejoras en procesos de producción agropecuaria, de los que se encuentran evidencias de aplicación en el Departamento de La Guajira