Nirma University Journals
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ROLE OF PHARMACIST IN DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
Full text linkThis review is focusing on a proactive role of pharmacists to maintain and further promote sustainability in the healthcare system. It is very essential for pharmacist to play an active role in educating and spreading awareness to the public and helping other healthcare professionals for the sustainable practices in healthcare system. A pharmacist with updated knowledge and efficient skills for best practices in sustainability can provide high-quality care and build up a safe environment. The versatile role of pharmacist makes him a leader as well as a trusted health professional of a healthcare system. There are many different roles that pharmacist can perform include patient counsellor, clinical practitioner, formulation scientist, analyst, regulatory controlled, educator, health professional, in medicines management and safe environment, etc. are also depicted in this review. At last, it is the collective efforts by all stakeholders who are engage in health wellness of the society to work together for a very noble cause by understanding various health related problems, their causes and learn effective management of medicines and its disposal and also teach to common people, which can help in improvement of public health and also help in keeping the safe environment for the future generations also
Corrosion Studies of Metal Alloys in Carbonated Ionic Liquid Solution
Full text linkSaturated carbonated solvent in carbon capture plant in industries has lower pH results in serious corrosion to the material of construction. Material corrosion can have an impact on plant integrity since it reduces efficiency and significantly increases maintenance costs. The acid-gas loading sections, such as the liquid storage, absorption unit, lean-rich exchanger, and regenerator unit, are particularly prone to corrosion during the carbon-capture process. In an aqueous ionic liquid-CO2 environment, the corrosion rates of carbon steel, aluminium, copper, and stainless steel are investigated using weight loss and electrochemical techniques. Polarisation-resistance measurements and extrapolation from Tafel plots were used to calculate the corrosion current densities. The change in surface morphology is also observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results of the measurements demonstrate that the investigated ionic liquid is found to be a corrosion inhibitor in carbonated solutions. Stainless steel was discovered to exhibit resistance in ionic liquid systems that were both carbon dioxide-free and carbonated-diluted. The corrosion rate was found to be roughly the same for both experimental techniques
CHALLENGES AND NOVEL APPROACHES FOR THE TREATMENT OF ONYCHOMYCOSIS
Full text linkOnychomycosis is a fungal disease of nail and approximately half of the patients of nail disorders suffers from it. The current review focuses on human nail, disease, factors affecting drug penetration for understanding the challenges in drug delivery, as well as, current and novel approaches for the treatment of onychomycosis. Human nail composed of compressed keratinized cell act as major barrier for drug penetration for treatment of damaged nail. Variety of factors affecting drug penetration through human nail like molecular weight, partition coefficient, affinity to keratin, pKa and ionization, type of vehicle, use of penetration enhancers, etc are to be taken into consideration while design and development of topical formulations. Apart from oral treatments, mechanical approaches as nail abrasion,physical approaches like iontophoresis, etching, laser, ultrasound have also been explored for penetration enhancement. Formulation scientists are working towards development of novel nano-formulations like nanoparticles, SLN, NLC, liposomes, spanlastics, nano-emulsions, etc. Lastly, the review focuses on several attempts for drug penetration studies using humannail or bovine hoof membrane
REVERSE PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY (RP-HPLC) METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF SILDENAFIL CITRATE AND DULOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN COMBINE DOSAGE FORM
Full text linkSildenafil citrate (SIL) and Duloxetine (DULO) is a combination, which is a serotoninnorepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). The primary goal of the endeavor is to develop and evaluate a stability-indicating reverse-phase liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) technique for determining Sildenafil citrate and Duloxetine hydrochloride in the combined dosage form. Estimation of Sildenafil citrate and Duloxetine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage form was carried out using Thermoscientific C18BDS- (25 cm x 4.6mm x 5 mm). The mobile phase used consisted of Acetonitrile: Phosphate buffer (50:50%v/v), and the pH of the mobile phase was adjusted to 4.0 using 0.5%v/v Orthophosphoric acid. The flow rate was 1.0mL/min. The UV detection was done at 290nm. The injection volume was 20μl. Forced degradation studies including hydrolytic (acidic, basic, and neutral), oxidative, and thermal, have been carried out according to ICH Q1A (R2) guidelines. Potential degradation was found in acidic, oxidative, and basic environments.The development of the method was validated according to ICH guidelines, and the findings were deemed acceptable. The devised stability-indicating technique effectively evaluated sildenafil citrate and duloxetine in the pharmaceutical tablet dosage form in the presence of a degradation product, with test results showing satisfactory recovery
METHOTREXATE AND HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE COMBINATION THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS BASED ON CLINICAL DISEASE ACTIVITY INDEX SCORE
Full text linkIn the Indian population, the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is found to be 0.75%. Methotrexate (MTX) is a folate antagonist which is approved as a first-line drug by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of RA. MTX monotherapy has its limitations. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) belongs to the category of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Thus, the present work aims to study the effectiveness ofMTX and HCQ combination therapy in the management of RA based on the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) Score. A Bicentric Retrospective Observational Study was conducted on RA patients managed with the combination therapy of MTX and HCQ in the tertiary care hospitals of Ahmedabad city. Demographic information, CDAI score, RA factor, comprehensive therapy plan, and treatment results (remission) were all obtained using devised data input forms. The baseline CDAI score and CDAI score after one year and two years were noted. A total of a 576 RA patients on combination therapy of MTX and HCQ were enrolled to participate in the research study, of which 84% i.e. n=484 were female and 16% (n=92) were male. Data indicated that out of a total 576 patients, 26.2% (n=151) belonged to the age group of 40-49 years and 26.04% (n=150) were identified to beof age between 50-59 years. Interpretation of the results revealed that all groups significantly improved after receiving the combination therapy. However, remission was achieved in 56 patients (9.7%) with combination therapy. Thus, treating active RA with the combination of MTX and HCQ is efficacious
EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE: A DISEASE WITH NO SPECIFIC CURE
Full text linkEbola virus disease is an infectious virus-based disease that spreads through human-to human contacts. The first human case was found in 1967, in Germany, the patient was a scientist working in a lab with monkeys that were imported from the Uganda region. The first outbreak of this disease was found in 1976 in the Africa region near the Ebola River, Republic of Congo. Major symptoms of this disease are normal “flu-like” in its primary stage such as fever, coughing, headache, and diarrhea. As the disease progresses the symptoms get worsen. The treatment options for this disease are very limited. Many vaccines are found to be effective against the Ebola virus disease such as the chad3 vaccine, rVSVZEBOV vaccine, MVA-BN-Filoã vaccine, ERVEBO vaccine, there are many treatment options therapies such as Janssen Ebola prevention vaccine therapy, combination therapy (2014), EBANGA treatment, etc. Recently in 2019 US-FDA has approved another vaccine as the treatment option for Ebola virus disease. The basic supportive care system Is also found to be very helpful in the treatment of the disease. Some medications are still under investigation for their effectiveness against the Ebola virus such as Remdesivir, Favipiravir, Quinacrine, Tilorone. Some studies were done to compare the effectiveness of newly found drugs against Ebola virus disease which were known as PALM studies. Here In this review, we are going to look at all the possible treatment options and vaccines that are effective.against Ebola virus disease
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF SIMHANADA GUGGULU: A FORMULA FOR AMAVATA (RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS)
Full text linkAmavata is a disease characterized by gatrastabdhata caused by the combined effect of the formation of ama and prakupita vata per trikasandhi. When Ama and Vata simultaneously vitiate and enter Trika and Sandhi, it ultimately leads to stabdhata (stiffness), which is known as Amavata. The disease Amavata can be presented as very similar to Rheumatoid Arthritis.The sickness of Rheumatoid Joint pain is ongoing in nature and influences mostly the moderately aged people. It is one of the common crippling sicknesses due to its chronicity and effects. The beginning of infection is successive during the middle age with 80% of patients fostering the illness between 30 to 50 years old. Several studies show that female is more victim than male and the proportion of event between them is 3:1. It is also noted that frequency is often associated with remission of the disease in last trimester with subsequent relapse after delivery. However, in present era no appropriate medication is available that can give everlasting benefit by permanent remission of the symptoms. The treatment which are available can only give symptomatic relief for time being but their continuous use causes various adverse effects. Thus, people are looking for a safe and effective drug that gives permanent relief. The Ayurvedic system is having its pride in providing such a treatment to cure all these types of chronic ailments. Among them, Simhanada Guggulu is a well-known Guggulu preparation indicated in Amavata. It was first mentioned by Acharya Chakrapani in Chakradatta. Action of this drug works to offer pain relief and detoxification and combats loss of appetite. An attempt is made to compile the review of Ayurvedic literature of Simhanada Guggulu
Effect of quantization noise on the accuracy of Langmuir probe Measurements using DSO
Full text linkWith the recent advancement in digital electronics, a wide range of Digital Storage Oscilloscopes (DSO) are widely used instead of conventional analog oscilloscope. In-spite of having numerous advantages, the DSO’s has also some disadvantages. DSO converts the incoming analog signal into digital form by sampling and quantization. This phenomena leads to data inaccuracy due to amplitude quantization in DSO; which can be viewed as a form of random noise. The effect of this noise reduces the accuracy of measurements performed in plasma systems, particularly during low values of SNR. To highlight the quantization effect of data in a noisy plasma environment; in this paper, experimental results are presented to demonstrate the reduction in the accuracy of Langmuir probe measurements carried in a capacitively driven RF plasma. The dependency of SNR with various parameters namely the number of quantization bits, dynamic voltage range and background noise level have been simulated using MATLAB under experimental conditions. A qualitative discussion has been presented to account the uncertainty in the values of positive ion saturation current measurements using Langmuir probes. 
Analysing the Impact of Skewing Techniques for Cogging TorqueReduction in PM Synchronous Motor Design for Electric Vehicles
Full text linkThe paper aims to explore and analyze the various skewing techniques used for reducing cogging torque and torque ripple in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSMs) design for electric vehicles. The cogging torque, a phenomenon resulting from the interaction between permanent magnets on the rotor and teeth on the stator, causes higher torque ripple and affects overall performance and efficiency of PMSMs. This paper focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of different skewing techniques, including linear skewing, step skewing, and V- skewing, in mitigating cogging torque and reduction in torque ripple. The proposed method is investigated through static and time stepping finite element analysis (FEA) simulations. The results show a significant reduction in the cogging torque and torque ripple, resulting in improved performance of the MPSM motor. This study highlights the effectiveness of the linear skewing technique for cogging torque reduction in PMSMs, which can lead to better motor efficiency and performance
QUANTIFICATION OF PROPAFENONE HYDROCHLORIDE BY HPTLC METHOD IN ITS PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM
Full text linkBackground: Propafenone hydrochloride is an anti-arrhythmia drug which is available in tablet formulation. The aim of the present work is to develop and validate the HPTLC method for the estimation of propafenone hydrochloride in the tablet.Materials and Methods: The optimized chromatographic condition with a mobile phase of chloroform: methanol: acetic acid (8:1.5:0.5 v/v/v), silica gel G60 F254 is used as the stationary phase.The UV detection of the spot was performed at 251 nm. Propafenone hydrochloride has an Rf value of 0.72.Results: Propafenone hydrochloride calibration curve was found to be linear between 200 and 1000 ng/spot.The % recovery study was found to be 99.83%.Conclusion: The suggested approach can be used to determine the amount of propafenone hydrochloride in a commercial formulation