Nirma University Journals
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CORRELATION OF MAJOR FACTORS AND CO-MORBIDITIES TO ADHD (ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER): A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Full text linkADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) a neurobehavioral disorder mainly occurs in pediatric age group. It is more prevalent in boys than girls. It is characterized by three common symptoms Inattention, Hyperactivity, and Impulsivity. The impairment of norepinephrine and dopamine neurotransmitter systems is the main cause of ADHD. There are many parameters which trigger this disease. Socio-economic factors, genetic variation, air pollution, or any co-morbid condition like mental retardation, epilepsy, Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) like factors can trigger this disease. Evidences suggested that the age group children between 9 to 11 years are more prone to incidence and/or prevalence of disease. Temperament of the individuals can also leads to ADHD in some children. Various clinical and preclinical studies confirms that the brain is the most vulnerable part of the body for most of the pollutant. Sustained exposure to the vehicular pollution can affect ADHD. There is also some association between the 7-repeat allele of the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) and ADHD. The parental unipolar or bipolar affective disorder can also lead to childhood ADHD. The cytogenetic analysis shows various types of chromosomal aberrations observed in the ADHD patients. These aberrations include chromosome breaks, chromosome dicentric, and ring chromosome etc. so for effective treatment, it is necessary to prevent as well as to identify the correlation between ADHD and factors which triggered it.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF HIGH PERFORMANCE THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF CILNIDIPINE AND VALSARTAN ITS STANDARD MIXTURE USING BOXBEHNKEN DESIGN
Full text linkHigh performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method has been developed for the separation of cilnidipine and valsartan using pre-coated silica gel aluminium plate 60F254, with UV detection at 300 nm. Box- Behnken design was applied for multivariate optimization of the experimental conditions of HPTLC method. Three independent factors: Ethyl acetate content in mobile phase composition, saturation time and migration distance whereas Rf was taken as response which was used to design mathematical models. The predicted optimum assay conditions consisted of toluene: methanol: ethyl acetate: GAA (6:2:2:0.1, v/v/v/v), respectively as the mobile phase. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines
THE DEVELOPMENT OF MK2 INHIBITOR: WHERE DOES IT STAND?
Full text linkDrug development targeting protein kinases is the second most important group of drug target after G-protein coupled receptor which codes 22% of the druggable human genome. The protein kinases are key players in signal transduction, which regulate many different cellular processes in a tightly controlled manner through reversible phosphorylation. Several drugs that inhibit protein kinases have been in clinical use for the treatment of cancer. Mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2 or MAPKAP KINASE 2) is one such kinase activated by p38MAPK , which plays a pivotal role in the regulation of inflammation and associated diseases diversifying it from other p38MAPK regulated signaling pathway. Considering the toxicity and side effects of p38MAPK inhibition, in the last decade, efforts were undertaken to develop different classes of MK2 inhibitor for therapeutic interventions as an alternative to the direct inhibition of p38MAPK . This review article describes the biology and mechanism of action of MK2, its role in inflammation and the development of small molecular inhibitor of MK2 highlighting opportunities and challenges in drug development targeting such type of kinases. The development of small molecule MK2 inhibitor will provide a better and safe therapeutic option in future
STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE PLASMA CIRCULATION OF NANOPARTICLES
Full text linkThere is a tremendous interest in developing long-circulating nanocarriers as treatment and imaging modalities. Enhanced plasma circulation of nanoparticles can improve on-target accumulation and help maintain sustained therapeutic drug levels in the plasma. Nanoparticles, however, are rapidly eliminated from systemic circulation by circulating and stationary macrophages. There have been several approaches devised to overcome this rapid elimination of nanoparticles. Reducing particle size has been shown to reduce opsonization and phagocytic uptake. Particle shape has also been shown to strongly affect the biological interactions of nanoparticles. Coating the surface of nanoparticles with hydrophilic polymers has been one of the most widely used strategies to protect against opsonization. Recent development of facile synthetic approaches has allowed researchers to engineer formulations that mimic blood cells. These strategies have also proven to be successful in producing long circulating nanoparticles. This review provides a brief description of several approaches that have been used successfully to enhance the plasma circulation of nanoparticles