Nirma University Journals
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Dynamics of Slender Hollow Rotor Shaft and Bearing System using Harmonic Response Analysis
No full textNumerous engineering applications make substantial use of rotating machinery. When designing any kind of rotating machinery, it is crucial to accurately estimate dynamic features including critical speeds, natural frequencies, and sensitivity to mass unbalance. A harmonic response analysis of a slender hollow rotor shaft is carried out in this work. The shaft\u27s deformation and resonance frequency must be ascertained in a variety of applications since they impact the machinery\u27s operation and the made product\u27s quality. In order to prevent the resonance condition, the current work determines the ideal thickness of the slender hollow rotor shaft based on the aforementioned considerations. This thickness of the slender hollow rotor shaft results in the least amount of deformation and keeps the shaft\u27s natural frequency away from the excitation frequency
KYASANUR FOREST DISEASE: A REGIONAL REPORT OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS AND ITS CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Full text linkKyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), also known as Kyasanur Forest Virus (KFDV) infection, is a virus that mostly affects humans and monkeys. It was first discovered in the Kyasanur Forest in Karnataka, India, in 1957, hence its name is Kyasanur Forest Disease. The Kyasanur Forest Disease virus, a member of the Flaviviridae family and a close relative of the tick-borne encephalitis virus, is the culprit behind KFD. The Haemaphysalis spinigera tick species, which act as the virus\u27s reservoir and vector, is particularly known for carrying the disease through its bite. The primary hosts of KFDV are thought to be monkeys, which also serve as amplification hosts and help the virus propagate among tick populations. Signs and symptoms of KFD are similar to those of other viral illnesses, such as a high fever, headache, muscle soreness, and exhaustion. Some people may experience more serious symptoms, such as hemorrhagic signs and neurological issues which further resulted in death. KFD management mostly involves supportive care to manage symptoms and avoid complications because there is no particular antiviral medication for the disease. The Kyasanur Forest Disease is primarily seen in southern India and is regarded as an emerging infectious disease with a small geographic spread. However, occasional cases and outbreaks have also been documented in nearby areas. In order to provide more efficient prevention measures and therapies for KFD, the present regional report strives to better understand the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and potential risk factors connected with this condition.The article also discusses future perspectives and strategies to address Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), providing valuable insights that could guide the development of more effective treatments and preventive measures in the future
HOLISTIC APPLICATION OF QUALITY BY DESIGN (QbD) FOR PHARMA PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT EXCELLENCE AND REGULATORY COMPLIANCE
Full text linkThe realm of optimizing the drug formulations has gained significant momentum towards more systematic approach of “Quality by Design (QbD)” based strategies employing “Design of Experiments (DoE)” from the erstwhile traditional short-gun approach of changing “One Factor at a Time (OFAT)”. These traditional approaches are generally associated with multiple intricacies including utilization of greater magnitude of time, money and energy, inconduciveness to plug errors, unpredictability and inability to reveal interactions and only “just workable” solutions. In this regard, the new holistic QbD-based paradigm, i.e., “Formulation by Design (FbD)”, applicable especially in the development of drug delivery systems brings about complete understanding of the product and processes based on the sound knowledge of science and quality risk management. Further, the recent regulatory guidance’s issued by the key federal agencies to practice QbD has coerced the researchers in industrial milieu to employ these rational approaches during drug product development. Beyond the pharmaceutical formulation development, QbD has diverse applications in API synthesis, analytical method development, dissolution testing, manufacturing and stability testing. The present article describes the principles, methodology and applications of QbD in the entire product development life cycle for attaining product development excellence and regulatory compliance
PP-405: A NOVEL REGENERATIVE APPROACH FOR ANDROGENETIC ALOPECIA THROUGH MITOCHONDRIAL PYRUVATE CARRIER INHIBITION AND HAIR FOLLICLE STEM CELL REACTIVATION—A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
No full textAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) affects over 80% of men and 50% of women, driven by hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) dysfunction and follicular miniaturization. Regenerative approaches that directly reactivate dormant HFSCs offer promise beyond supportive treatments. To critically appraise PP-405, a first-in-class topical mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) inhibitor, evaluating its mechanism, preclinical validation, and early clinical efficacy and safety in AGA. A systematic review was conducted analyzing peer-reviewed literature, clinical trial data, and regulatory submissions related to PP-405 and mitochondrial pyruvate carrier inhibition in hair follicle biology. PP-405 operates through mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) inhibition, redirecting cellular metabolism toward lactate production and subsequently activating dormant hair follicle stem cells. Phase 1 clinical trials demonstrated safety, target engagement, and statistically significant stem cell activation. Phase 2a trials involving 78 participants showed that 31% of men with advanced hair loss achieved greater than 20% hair density increase at 8 weeks, compared to 0% in the placebo group. No systemic absorption was detected, indicating localized scalp activity. PP-405 inhibits MPC protein complexes, preventing pyruvate entry into mitochondria and forcing cytoplasmic lactate production via lactate dehydrogenase upregulation. This metabolic shift triggers an integrated stress response mediated by the ATF4 transcription factor, ultimately reactivating quiescent hair follicle stem cells and promoting anagen phase entry. PP-405 represents a paradigm shift by targeting HFSC metabolism to regenerate hair follicles rather than merely halting loss. Early clinical data indicate rapid, robust efficacy and an excellent safety profile. Ongoing Phase 2b and planned Phase 3 trials (2026) will clarify durability of response and long-term safety, supporting potential regulatory approval in 2027–2028
A REVIEW OF METHODS FOR INDUCING VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY IN ANIMAL MODELS
No full textVitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency is a significant global health issue, particularly impacting older adults, vegetarians, and those with gastrointestinal disorders. It is linked with a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms, including megaloblastic anaemia, neurological impairments, and cardiovascular problems. To explore the pathophysiology of this deficiency and assess potential therapeutic approaches, animal models are essential. This review concentrates on various established techniques for inducing vitamin B12 deficiency in animal models, particularly rodents. Three main methods are examined: the nitrous oxide-induced functional deficiency model, the restricted diet model, and the modified diet model that omits vitamin B12. The nitrous oxide model is swift and can reproduce the neurological and hematologic symptoms of deficiency; however, it carries risks such as hypoxia and neurotoxicity. The restricted diet model consists of feeding animals a diet devoid of B12 for a prolonged period, which is safer but requires more time. The modified diet model incorporates pectin, which binds to intrinsic factor and obstructs B12 absorption, providing an alternative way to mimic issues with bioavailability. Each method presents unique advantages and drawbacks regarding safety, induction duration, reproducibility, and clinical relevance. Additionally, this review outlines the physiological pathways for B12 absorption and emphasizes the diagnostic tools utilized to evaluate deficiency, including serum B12 levels, methylmalonic acid, homocysteine, and holotranscobalamin. Gaining insight into these models and diagnostic methods is crucial for progressing research on vitamin B12 deficiency and crafting more effective prevention and treatment options. This review acts as a guide for researchers in choosing suitable models to investigate the clinical and biochemical dimensions of vitamin B12 deficiency
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON NEUROMARKETING IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES
Full text linkNeuromarketing has garnered significant academic and commercial interest due to -advancements in neural recording techniques and interpretation algorithms, making it an effective tool for deciphering consumers’ implicit responses to marketing stimuli. This article presents a pioneering systematic review of neuromarketing within the pharmaceutical advertising domain. The study commences with an in-depth exploration of the background and rationale for conducting this review, followed by clearly articulated objectives and research questions. A thorough literature review provides insights into neuroscientific perspectives relevant to consumer behavior and decision-making, laying the foundation for the methodology section. Here, the search strategy, inclusion and exclusion criteria, study selection process, and data synthesis methods utilized in this systematic review are delineated. The systematic review section is structured around key themes, including an analysis of neuromarketing techniques applied in advertising within the pharmaceutical sector and specific types of pharmaceutical advertisements. Additionally, the review investigates the methodologies employed in neuromarketing practices, offering an overview of commonly utilized techniques. Furthermore, the review discusses the implications of neuromarketing approaches in pharmaceutical advertising, highlighting practical applications and emerging trends. The discussion section critically examines key findings concerning the effectiveness of neuromarketing in pharmaceutical advertising, outlining both strengths and limitations of these approaches. Ethical considerations inherent in neuromarketing techniques are also explored, alongside gap analysis aimed at identifying areas for future research and development. In conclusion, this systematic review provides valuable insights into the applications of -neuromarketing in pharmaceutical advertising, offering recommendations for future directions and enhancements in this dynamic field
LUMPY VIRUS OUTBREAKS IN INDIA
Full text linkAnimal husbandry is a vital sector of the Indian economy. The emergence of new illnesses, which is a big worry for livestock owners, is currently one of the primary obstacles facing the livestock and dairy sectors. The transboundary illness lumpy skin disease (LSD), which affects cattle and water buffaloes, is significant economically. A virus known as the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) causes lumpy skin disease (LSD). This virus belongs to the Capripoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family. Recently, there has been a 7.1% morbidityrate among cattle in India due to LSD. Clinical signs of this illness usually involve fever, loss of appetite, and unique nodules on the skin’s mucous membranes found in the mouth, nose, udder, genital, and rectum. They also include a decrease in milk supply, abortion, infertility, and occasionally death. It may be possible to stop the spread of the illness by vaccination, stringent quarantine rules, and vector control
A ROAD MAP TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE GOALS IN THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM: A PERSPECTIVE OF A PHARMACIST
Full text link Total 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for 2030 are developed and adopted by UNs through several decades of work by member nations and the Department of economic and social Affairs of UN. The progress reports of the same have been reviewed from time to time by the UN system (i.e., SDG progress reports of 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023). Pharmacists can be a part of the major initiative to improve overall public health and can contribute at a large extent to reach the SGD-3 targets of good health and well-being. Through this SDG pharmacists can play an active part in improving and ensuring health and well-being of all age people through patient care, patient education and active participation in the health policy development of the country. This article reviews how pharmacists can play a crucial role in meeting SDG of health and well-being
BIORELEVANT DISSOLUTION MEDIA: ITS CURRENT STATUS AND FUTUTRE PERSPECTIVES
Full text linkThe landscape of dissolution media has been dynamically evolving with newer drugs entering the market among which most of them are either BCS class II or BCS class IV drugs exhibiting poor solubility. Conventional dissolution raises lot of doubts in the pharmaceutical industry owing to its composition which fails to adequately mimic in-vivo conditions. The effect of bile salts, enzymes are prevalent factors which are often neglected by conventional dissolution media. To overcome these hurdles biorelevant media was suggested by several research groups and several developments have been witnessed to maintain a proximity to the required in-vivo conditions during dissolution. Media such as simulated gastric fluid, simulated intestinal fluid, milk-based dissolution media (Ensure®) have been suggested for fast and fed state taking into the considerations several factors like pH, surfactant concentration, etc. The recent improvement has been on fast state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF- V2) where replacement of acetic acid by maleic acid is evident. Though biorelevant dissolution media has solved the primary hurdle of mimicking in-vivo conditions, it has still not been accepted as a quality control tool to test batch to batch consistency in pharmaceutical industry. The reasons being cost, time consumption and basic requirement of dissolution as test as discriminatory tool where biorelevant media fails at certain fronts where conventional dissolution passes fairly well. The use of surfactants like bile salts in biorelevant media shows increased dissolution profile of different batches and fails to discriminate between them. It is a common understanding that those compounds which show increased dissolution in conventional media are obvious to show better dissolution in biorelevant media. This is the reason why conventional media are preferred over biorelevant media during quality control evaluation and batch to batch variability tests to save cost and time. Biorelevant media are being used today majorly during developmental stages and still need to go a long way to be used as quality control tool
Maintenance Optimization in Process Plant Using Failure mode effect analysis
Full text linkExperimental investigations are conducted to assess the influence of various equipment in terms of MTBF(Mean time between failures) and MTTR(Mean Time To Repair) in this study. Analysis of these data has helped to find out the critical components in coil and mill Plant at Anjar, Kutch, India. The goal of this work is to analyze the maintenance data and recommend optimized maintenance plan. The genetic algorithm is proposed as a heuristic search method for maintenance optimization in Plate and coil mill plant unit. Genetic algorithm searches for the best solution for the efficiency enhancement of the plant. This paper presents the influence of genetic algorithm in maintenance optimization in Plate and coil mill plant. Failure mode effect analysis is the used methodology in proposed work which is a fundamental piece of the specialized plan of support to enhance framework quality and hence lessens costs related with upkeep that is utilized as a part of a wide range industry