Nirma University Journals
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Disturbance Storm Time forecast using ML methods with observations from sensors on Advanced Composition Explorer
No full textThis study discusses simulations performed to predict the Disturbance Storm Time (DST) index of Solar-wind using the data obtained by sensors on the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) satellite of The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) from 2016. Because of various features present in the dataset, the paper involves the use of a variety of feature selection techniques like correlation matrix, use of ROC-AUC (Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve) score, and Random Forest generation to find the effective parameters for the prediction of DST index. It was observed that all the feature selection techniques have different degrees of elimination of the features. The features having high impact were further considered for model preparation. With these features, several machine learning techniques like Multiple linear Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Machines (SVM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) were implemented. Results show that SVM outperformed the linear regression model. Although various advanced models have already been created showing different accuracy levels to predict the DST index, it is felt that the field needs more accurate models to predict the intensity of Solar wind using Real-Time Solar Winds
Application of Yield Restrained Brace for Enhancing Seismic Performance of Multi Story Frame Structure
No full textThere is a continuous development of methodologies to optimize the seismic performance of buildings. A key objective is to minimize damage, economic losses, and repair costs following an earthquake. The Yield Restrained Brace (YRB) is an advanced modification of the Buckling Restrained Brace (BRB). It is designed to enhance a building’s ability to withstand cyclic lateral loads induced by seismic events. YRB elements provide additional energy dissipation capacity and controlled yielding within braced-frame systems. A typical YRB comprises a BRB and a yield control mechanism. The BRB consists of a yielding steel core that offers axial resistance, confined by restrainer to prevent buckling that provides flexural and buckling resistance. A friction damper is incorporated as the yield control mechanism. This study presents the analysis and design of a G+14 story building incorporating YRBs in various configurations and locations. For this study, a rigid frame structure with plan dimensions of 23 × 23 m and a total height of 64.5 m is considered. Various bracing configurations, including forward diagonal, backward diagonal, cross diagonal, V-diagonal, and inverted V-diagonal, are incorporated in frame structure. Modelling and analysis of buildings ar carried out using ETABS software. A comparative assessment is performed on structures using conventional braces and YRBs to highlight improvement in performance. The optimal location and configuration of YRBs in a G+14 story structure are determined. Key seismic performance parameters, including time period, base shear, story displacement, and story drift are evaluated. The analysis results show a 70.54% and 63.51% reduction in story displacement for cross-diagonal and inverted V-diagonal configurations, respectively. Additionally, the effects of YRB incorporation on the design of beams and columns are examined. The findings provide insights into the efficiency of YRBs in enhancing the seismic resilience of high-rise structures
RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR STABILITY-INDICATING ANALYSIS OF FLURALANER AND PROCESS-RELATED IMPURITIES IN DRUG SUBSTANCE
No full textObjective: To develop and validate a stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for simultaneous quantification of Fluralaner and its process-related impurities in active pharmaceutical ingredient (API).
Methods: We employed a Phenyl hexyl column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5µm) with gradient elution using 0.1% perchloric acid, acetonitrile, methanol, and isopropanol as mobile phase components. Detection was performed at 210 nm wavelength with 1.0 mL/min flow rate. The method was validated according to ICH Q2(R1) guidelines [1] encompassing linearity, specificity, accuracy, precision, detection limits, and robustness parameters.
Results: Our method demonstrated excellent analytical performance with correlation coefficients (r²) of 0.9999 for Fluralaner and all four process impurities across the concentration range of 0.05-200%. Recovery studies yielded values between 88.88-108.28% with relative standard deviation (RSD) values ≤1.69%. Forced degradation studies revealed significant degradation under acidic conditions (26.70%) and minimal alkali degradation (3.83%), while oxidative, thermal, and humidity conditions showed no degradation.
Conclusions: This validated RP-HPLC method provides a robust, sensitive, and specific analytical tool for routine quality control analysis of Fluralaner drug substance. The method successfully separates Fluralaner from its four process-related impurities with baseline resolution and demonstrates stability-indicating capability suitable for pharmaceutical manufacturing and regulatory complianc
MOLECULAR DOCKING AND ADMET-BASED COMPUTATIONAL PRIORITIZATION OF CARBONIC ANHYDRASE IX INHIBITORS
No full textCancer cells thrive in hostile environments by activating specific molecular pathways. Inhibiting these survival mechanisms presents a valuable approach for developing targeted anticancer therapies. In this study, a library of 27 natural and semi-synthetic ligands was screened through molecular docking against the CA IX extracellular domain (PDB ID: 3IAI) using AutoDock 4.2.6. Subsequently, pharmacokinetic and toxicological characteristics were assessed using ADMETlab 2.0. A composite scoring method integrating docking affinity, drug-likeness rules, and toxicity penalties enabled systematic prioritization of candidates. Drug-likeness evaluation showed full Lipinski rule compliance, with ~65% of compounds passing additional filters (Pfizer, GSK, Golden Triangle). Among them, Naringenin, 6-hydroxyflavone-3-sulfonic acid, and a coumarin–sulfonamide hybrid exhibited strong binding, rule compliance, and favorable ADMET profiles. The results support these scaffolds as promising leads for CA IX inhibition and demonstrate the value of integrated in silico approaches in anticancer drug design
ENVIRONMENTAL AGGRESSORS AND SKING AGING: UNRAVELING THE IMPACT OF EXTERNAL FACTORS ON PHOTODAMAGE
No full textAbstract
Skin aging is a complex biological process influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. While intrinsic aging is determined by genetic and chronological changes, extrinsic aging is accelerated by environmental factors, leading to premature skin damage. Among these, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, air pollution, climate variations, and lifestyle habits such as smoking and poor nutrition contribute significantly to photodamage and skin deterioration. These external aggressors trigger oxidative stress, inflammation, collagen degradation, and DNA damage, ultimately resulting in wrinkles, loss of elasticity, and pigmentation disorders.
This review explores the impact of key environmental factors on skin aging, emphasizing their mechanisms and long-term effects. Additionally, it highlights various preventive strategies, including the use of sunscreens, antioxidants, and lifestyle modifications to mitigate photodamage. By understanding these influences, effective interventions can be developed to maintain skin health and delay the aging process
Communication Skills : Lifeline of Engineers
No full textCommunication skills are the key to success for professional courses like engineering. Communication skills help during the course and in the careers to establish themselves and achieve their desired goals. This study discusses the importance of Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing, Vocabulary skills for communication efficiency and also establishes the importance of communication for engineers. The study also uses a survey conducted with 150 First year students of a private engineering college to understand the level of communication skills of these students. The data from the survey offers insights into how engineering students perceive communication skills, their self-assessment of these skills and the challenges that they encounter. The study also conducts semi-structured inter- views of fifty students to understand whether they are taught different Communication skills and what is their take on the curriculum of communication in their college/university. The data from the survey is rather different from the general belief. The students show good awareness of the communication skills maybe because they are given a lot of training for it
SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF MULTIPLE EXPOSURE OF LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN AND STRESSOR ON REDOX IMBALANCE IN RAT BRAIN
Full text linkOur previous research indicated that exposure to psychological stress as immobilization stress, (IMS) and physical stress as forced swim stress (FSS) worsened lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) induced brain damage in rats. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we investigated the impact of IMS or FSS on LCT's effects on oxidative stress markers in the brain. Rats exposed to IMS, FSS, or LCT alone showed no significant changes in markers of oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl levels) or antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) compared to controls. However, pre-exposure to IMS or FSS before LCT treatment significantly increased oxidative damage and decreased antioxidant enzyme activity. These findings suggest that repeated stress exacerbates LCT's neurotoxicity by disrupting the brain's redox balance. Notably, the effects were more pronounced in rats pre-exposed to psychological stress (IMS) compared to physical stress (FSS) and LCT treatment. On the other hand, modification in these redox imbalances was more concentrated in LCT treated rats pre- exposed to psychological stressor as compare to those pre-exposed to physical stressor
A High-Speed and Energy-Efficient Compressor-Technique based 4-bit Signed Multiply Accumulate (MAC) Unit
Full text linkThis work presents the design of a novel 2-stage pipelined 4-bit signed Multiply and Accumulate (MAC) unit (called 2s4BSMAC), which is low-power, high-speed, and high-throughput. The unit incorporates a unique compressor-based 4-bit Vedic Signed Multiplier (VSM) architecture, a compressor-based 16-bit Ripple Carry Adder (RCA) architecture, and a saturation unit. Without adding buffers at intermediate stages, the proposed 4-bit Vedic Signed Multiplier (VSM) and 16-bit Ripple Carry Adder (RCA) based on compressors overcome the driving limitation of transmission gates. This paper introduces a novel hybrid Full Adder (FTGHFA-21T), low-power and high-speed, utilizing FinFET-Transmission Gate technology and 21 transistors. The FTGHFA-21T adder, operating at nominal supply voltage, exhibited significant improvements in maximum propagation delay of 39.02%, average power consumption of 13.4%, and Power Delay Product (PDP) of 47.18% as compared to the Transmission Gate Adder (TGA). The PVT analysis is conducted to analyze and comprehend the circuit\u27s variability in response to environmental and fabrication variations. The proposed compressor-based 16-bit RCA and the proposed compressor-based 4-bit VSM utilizing the FTGHFA-21T adder shows 5.41% and 11.92% reduction in PDP compared to the proposed compressor-based 16-bit RCA and the proposed compressor-based 4-bit VSM utilizing the TGA respectively. At the nominal supply voltage, the proposed 2s4BSMAC unit using the suggested adder exhibits a 7.14% enhancement in PDP and a 7.22% increase in throughput compared to the TGA-based design. The simulation uses 18nm Fin Field Effect Transistor (FinFET) technology in the Cadence Virtuoso tool at the nominal supply voltage of 0.8V with a nominal temperature of 27°C
RECENT ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF INULIN: A MINI REVIEW
Full text linkInulin is a polymer primarily composed of fructose units, and glucose unit at the end. It is neither digested nor absorbed in the stomach, thus staying in the bowel. Although it gets metabolized by bacteria in the colon to a gel that helps certain beneficial gut microflora grow, it could be classified as a prebiotic. Multiple research studies have been conducted to uncover its pharmacological use in various chronic disorders, but compiled information is lacking in the current literature. The recent advances in its pharmacological effects such as neuroprotective effects, anti-diabetic, hepatotoxicity, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory were discussed in this article. It showed promising pharmacological properties and can be explored further for developing formulations against the neuro-disorders, diabetes, liver and inflammatory bowel diseases
Driving towards Sustainability: A case study on Flex-Fuel and tracing the path to its adoption
No full textExploring the sustainability of a blend of ethanol and gasoline offering variable compositions is getting popular day by day, called the Flex-Fuel. This review paper delves into the potential of flex fuel as a sustainable energy source, enabling people around the world to select their preferred fuel blend. Integral to this transition is the development of Flex-fuel Engines and subsequently creation of Flex-fuel Vehicles. By varying fuel compositions, significant reductions in harmful emissions such as CO2, CO, HC, and NOx can be achieved. Notably, flex-fuel gained the attention of G20 Summit 2023, signaling its potential as the fuel of the future. The paper also discusses strategies for its global implementation, noting the benefits and challenges in making informed decisions regarding fuel selection for a cleaner and sustainable future