Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung / Journal of East Central European Studies (ZfO)
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Debordering and Rebordering. Central and South Eastern Europe after the First World War. Hrsg. von Machteld Venken und Steen Bo Frandsen
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Pavla Plachá: Zerrissene Leben. Tschechoslowakische Frauen im Konzentrationslager Ravensbrück 1939-1945
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Dějiny Československé akademie věd I (1952–1962). [Geschichte der Tschechoslowakischen Akademie der Wissenschaften I (1952–1962.] Hrsg. von Martin Franc, Věra Dvořáčková u. a.
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The Problem of School Activities during the Cholera Epidemic in the Lithuanian and Belarusian Governorates in the Nineteenth Century
No full textBetween 1831 and 1895, four epidemics of Asiatic cholera swept through the Lithuanian and Belarussian governorates under Russian rule. The disease prevailed there for 23 years. These lands were part of one of the largest educational districts of the Russian Empire—the Vilnius Educational District. Many students, especially of secondary schools and university, came from different parts of the country and lived near to their establishments in boarding schools, so there was a high chance that they would be carrying cholera when they travelled back to their homes. In order to reduce the danger of the disease spreading, the state and governorate authorities issued regulations to change the course of the school year. During the first epidemics, the start of school was delayed or the end of school was brought forward, depending on the date on which cholera appeared. In the second half of the nineteenth cen-tury, regulations were relaxed, leaving the decision to close schools or reschedule classes to local education inspectors. In schools at this time, stricter sanitary and hygienic regulations were also introduced with regard to limiting the number of pupils in relation to the area of the rooms, controlling the cleanliness of classrooms, the quality of food, securing first aid kits, and providing medical assistance. Compared to Prussia or Austria, the Russian Empire did not have an adequate health policy, which was reflected in the frequency of epidemics there.Between 1831 and 1895, four epidemics of Asiatic cholera swept through the Lithuanian and Belarussian governorates under Russian rule. The disease prevailed there for 23 years. These lands were part of one of the largest educational districts of the Russian Empire—the Vilnius Educational District. Many students, especially of secondary schools and university, came from different parts of the country and lived near to their establishments in boarding schools, so there was a high chance that they would be carrying cholera when they travelled back to their homes. In order to reduce the danger of the disease spreading, the state and governorate authorities issued regulations to change the course of the school year. During the first epidemics, the start of school was delayed or the end of school was brought forward, depending on the date on which cholera appeared. In the second half of the nineteenth cen-tury, regulations were relaxed, leaving the decision to close schools or reschedule classes to local education inspectors. In schools at this time, stricter sanitary and hygienic regulations were also introduced with regard to limiting the number of pupils in relation to the area of the rooms, controlling the cleanliness of classrooms, the quality of food, securing first aid kits, and providing medical assistance. Compared to Prussia or Austria, the Russian Empire did not have an adequate health policy, which was reflected in the frequency of epidemics there
Lena Sophie Dorn: Übersetzungsbewegungen. Zum Verhältnis von Literaturübersetzung und Nation
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Ralf Bernd Herden: Helmut Weihenmaier. Vom NS-Kreishauptmann in Polen zum Landrat im Schwarzwald
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Doppelter Geschichtsbruch. Der Wandel in Osteuropa nach der Helsinki-Konferenz 1975 und die Zukunft der europäischen Sicherheit. Hrsg. von Peter Brandt, Dieter Segert und Gert Weiskirchen
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Kate Korycki: Weaponizing the Past. Collective Memory and Jews, Poles, and Communists in Twenty-First Century Poland
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