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Evaluation of the Apically Extruded Debris During Canal Preparation by WaveOne Gold, Hyflex EDM and XP-endo Shaper, Anin Vitro Study
Full text linkObjective: The main cause of this in vitro study was to measure and compare the amount of debris extruded apically using three NiTi single rotary files (primary WaveOne Gold file, Hyflex EDM file, and the XP-endo Shaper). Methods: Palatal root of sixty freshly extracted human maxillary molar teeth were sectioned at 12 mm, and inserted through the center of a rubber stopper of a pre-weighed collecting vial except for the coronal quarter of the root. Then separated three groups in accordance with their (n =20) system. G I: primary WaveOne Gold single file system (Dentsply-Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland)., G II: Hyflex EDM single file system (Colten/Whaledent, Germany). and G III: Xp-endo Shaper single file system (FKG, Switzerland) used, the 1mm irrigation with distilled water applied for washing the instruments, apical debris was collected and dried at 100° C. Sequential weights were obtained for each vial, and the distinction between the weights of the vial (pre- instrumentation and post- instrumentation), considered debris weight. Data were analyzed statistically using the One-way ANOVA test and LSD test, p≤ 0.05 was considered for data analysis value. Results: All rotary systems applied in this study showed apical extrusion of debris. GIII showed the significantly highest amount of debris (p 0.001) compared to GI and GII, whereas, mean value differences of Hyflex and WaveOne Gold were statistically non- significant (p 0.05). Conclusions: The Hyflex EDM showed the lowest mean value of debris extruded apically compared to WaveOne Gold and Xp-endo Shaper. XP-endo Shaper had the highest mean value of debris extruded apically
High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Cholesterol Level as Risk Markers for Both Periodontitis and Coronary Artery Disease
Full text linkObjectives: The association between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has received considerable attention, although it is unclear whether there is a causal component. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the Correlation between high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) and total blood cholesterol levels in periodontitis (PD) and coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Eighty subjects (40 males and 40 females) divided into four equal groups: Group 1: control group, healthy without CAD or PD, group 2: PD without CAD (n=20). group 3: PD with CAD, and group 4: CAD without PD. Periodontitis was defined according to the 2017 periodontal disease classification. Periodontal probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded. All participants were assessed for CAD by angiography (coronary computed tomography angiography or coronary angiography). Finally, serum hs-CRP and total cholesterol levels were determined by using the particle enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay method. Results: The median of serum cholesterol and hs-CRP levels was significantly lower in the control group than the patients groups (P 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in gender and age among the studied groups (P 0.05). Furthermore, significant, positive, and strong correlations of PPD and CAL with the hs-CRP and Cholesterol. Conclusions: Serum levels of hs-CRP and Cholesterol were positively proportionate to the measurements of CAL and PPD by increasing the severity of PD parameters (PPD and CAL), serum level of CAD biomarkers (hs-CRP and Cholesterol) were increased
Immunohistochemical Expression of BubR1 and Telomerase in Minor Salivary Gland Tissue Adjacent to Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Full text linkObjectives: Evaluation of the expression of tissue markers in the parenchyma within the area adjacent to a primary tumor is critical in cancer progression, prevention, and identification of early changes in the field of cancerization. The present study aimed to evaluate BubR1 and telomerase activity in minor salivary gland tissue adjacent to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with their clinicopathological features. Methods: Four-micron tissue sections from 21 formalin-fixed paraffin blocks of OSCC surgical margins were prepared and stained for anti-BubR1 and anti-telomerase antigens. Results: The studied sample included 71.4% males and 28.6% females, and the most prevalent site was buccal mucosa (42.9%). The total sample showed a high (71.4%) BubR1 expression, while telomerase was expressed in 42.9%. BubR1 was expressed significantly in the buccal mucosa (p=0.000) in the myoepithelial (cytoplasmic) and ductal cells (cytoplasmic and mixed). In comparison, telomerase showed significant myoepithelial mixed and cytoplasmic expression of buccal mucosa (p=0.013) and nuclear expression in ductal cells within the tongue (p=0.05). Both markers showed altered expression and predominated significantly in cases adjacent to poorly differentiated OSCC (p 0.05). Lastly, a moderate/strong correlation between the aberrant accumulation of BubR1 and telomerase was found (r=0.5-0.8, p 0.05). Conclusions: Elevated expression of BubR1 and telomerase was found in the minor salivary gland adjacent to OSCC. Therefore, they represent a valuable tool to identify molecular changes in the field of cancerization. Cases of OSCC excised from buccal mucosa and tongue required a regular follow-up, especially poorly differentiated OSCCs. The elevated expression of both markers positively regulates each other
Evaluation of the Effect of Nitrofurantoin Paste as an Intracanal Medicament on the Chemical Structure of Radicular Dentine
Full text linkObjective: To investigate the effects of a new intracanal medicament (nitrofurantoin paste) on radicular dentin's chemical structure compared with modified triple antibiotic paste (MTAP). Methods: A total of 9 extracted human maxillary canine teeth were used. After cutting the crowns, the root length was standardized to 15 mm. Three 5 mm root cylinders (coronal, middle, and apical) thirds were obtained. Each cylinder was then sectioned longitudinally across the root canal's maximum diameter, resulting in six half-root specimens; two coronal halves, two middle halves, and two apical halves. Then each specimen was divided into three groups. Group 1: 25mg/mL Nit paste, Group 2: 25mg/mL MTAP, and Group 3: (Untreated). Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) with a diamond attenuated total reflectance (ATR) accessory was used to obtain infrared spectra to analyze dentin specimens. The data were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test, and significant differences were used for statistical analyses. Results: Dentin thirds treated with MTAP had a lower phosphate/amide I ratio (p 0.05) than Nit paste compared with the untreated group. Moreover, the phosphate/amide I ratio was highest in the apical third and decreased to the lowest value in the coronal third. The differences among all three-thirds were statistically significant. Conclusions: According to the current study results, at the concentration of (25 mg/mL), nitrofurantoin paste minimizes the reduction of phosphate/amide I ratio of the radicular dentine compared with the 25mg/mL MTAP
Prevalence of Oral and Maxillofacial Cases Attended in Shar Hospital along Two Years
Full text linkObjective: The Prevalence of oral and maxillofacial diseases is highly variable depending on the region, country, and data source. The study was designed to assess the Prevalence of all oral and maxillofacial cases in a reported sample from outpatients who attended the teaching clinics, Shar Hospital, in Sulaymaniyah city. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out in the Shar Teaching Hospital in Sulaymaniyah city from Jan 2018 to Jan 2020 for multidisciplinary dental and maxillofacial disease treatment. The data retrieved from the hospital files out of 817 patients, 554 met with the required information. Statistical analysis was performed using a statistical package for social science (SPSS version 16). In addition, chi-square tests were used for comparative analysis. Results: Out of 554 patients, more than half were females, 58.7 %, while males accounted for the remaining 41.3 %. The majority of patients were aged 20-39 years 42.2%. Dental and gingival pain were the patients' most frequent chief complaints, 24.9%, with the highest percentage in 20-39 age groups (11.6%). The most common diagnosis was dental and periodontal diseases (29.8%), followed by temporomandibular joint disorders (25.8%). Conclusions: Dental and gingival pain was the most common chief complaints, followed by temporomandibular joint pain and intraoral ulceration, and more common in the 20-39 age groups population. The most frequent diagnosis reported cases were dental and periodontal diseases followed by temporomandibular disorders and ulcerative /immunological lesions. Females were more frequently diagnosed with gender
Esthetic and Functional Assessment of Sixty Five Patients who Underwent Rhinoplasty (A maxillofacial surgeon’s experience)
Full text linkObjective: This study aims to assess patient satisfaction according to the shape and function of the nose using a rhinoplasty outcome evaluation (ROE) questionnaire, pre, and post rhinoplasty procedure. Methods: A prospective study of sixty-five rhinoplasty patients who underwent open rhinoplasty procedures, including other nasal procedures like septoplasty or turbinoplasty in Sulaimani Surgical Teaching Hospital, department of oral maxillofacial surgery. The Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE) questionnaire was used for esthetic and functional assessment. Results: In this study, sixty-five patients participated by completing the questionnaires and the follow-up period. The main reasons for rhinoplasty in our patients were: esthetic 55.4% (n=36), functional 3.1 %( n=2), and a combination of both in 41.5% (n=27) patients. Although there were no statistically significant gender differences for outcomes of rhinoplasty, statistically significant improvements were identified between the preoperative and postoperative scores for both genders. In the preoperative stage, patients recorded worse scores for anxiety and insecurity (p 0.05). There were no differences in gender, age, cause, or literacy level in the mean postoperative scores (p 0.05). Conclusions: The present study suggests that the rhinoplasty cases carried out by maxillofacial surgeons have high satisfaction rates regarding final esthetic and functional results. The rhinoplasty results have a great psychological impact on the patients lives
Evaluation of Metallic Ion Release from Fixed Orthodontic Appliance in Two Different Mouthwashes and Distilled Water An In Vitro Study
Full text linkObjectives: Biocompatibility is an essential requirement for orthodontic appliances, but it leaches metallic ions in the presence of saliva, prophylactic mouthwashes, and toothpaste. This study evaluates the amount of ion release from orthodontic brackets and archwires after immersing them in two different mouthwash and distilled water types. Methods: Twenty-four orthodontic sets for one mandibular quadrant, including (five brackets), one buccal tube, and a half of the required length of CuNiTi archwires for each set were used. The samples were dipped in Ortho Kin, Kin Forte, distilled water, and measurements were taken at two time points, first after twenty-four hours and second after two weeks. Distilled water was used as the control group. Then the amount of metallic ion release is evaluated by ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) spectroscopy. Results: Results showed that the highest concentration of metallic ion release was from samples containing Ortho Kin mouthwash (fluoridated) then the Kin Forte and distilled water. Conclusions: Fluoridated mouthwash caused more metallic ion release from orthodontic appliances than non-fluoridated mouthwash and distilled water
Prevalence of Oromaxillofacial Lesions in Major Histopathological Centers in Sulaimani City
Full text linkObjective: Oral and maxillofacial lesions are among the most prevalent oral diseases all over the world. They can be diagnosed through a thorough history and oral examination. The present study was aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of oromaxillofacial lesions in response to sex, age, type of surgery, site of distribution, clinical presentation, and histopathological diagnosis in Sulaimani city. Methods: A retrospective study conducted from January 2016 to December 2019 in three major histopathological centers in Sulaimani, 774 patients with oral and maxillofacial lesions were studied. Required data, including sex, age, type of surgical biopsy, site of lesions, and the clinical presentations of these lesions, were obtained from the patients' archived profiles and records. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and Chi-square test, and P-values of 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Over half of the patients (54.3%) were females. The patients' age ranged from 1 day to 90 years. Excisional biopsy was the most frequently conducted surgical procedure (67.8%). Intraoral soft lesions accounted for (64.2%) of the whole lesions, followed by bone lesions (20.4%). Soft tissue mass was the most common clinical presentation (62.3%). The most commonly diagnosed lesions were reactive/hyperplastic lesions (24.2%) and epithelial tumors (11.4%). There was a significant relationship between age and histopathological diagnosis as the p-value =0.000. Conclusions: Histopathological records provide essential data that help predict the frequent site and type of the most prevalent oral and maxillofacial lesions in Sulaimani city. They can be used for prevention and treatment planning
Oral Health Behaviours, Knowledge and Attitudes Among Dental College Students in Sulaimani City, Iraq
Full text linkObjectives: The present study aimed to investigate the oral health behavior, knowledge, and attitudes of dental college students. Methods: A self-assessment questionnaire was used in this study. Participants were divided into two groups according to their level of study (pre-clinical and clinical). Results: A total of 140 students participated in the study, with 79(56%) pre-clinical and 61(44%) were at the clinical levels. The majority of students reported brushing their teeth (90.7%) with no association between toothbrushing behavior and gender or level of study (P 0.05). The most common tooth brushing frequency was twice daily with no gender association (P 0.05), and a higher percentage of students at clinical levels of the study reported brushing their teeth more than twice daily (P 0.05). The majority of students reported using fluoridated toothpaste (60.7%). In total, about half of the students reported using dental floss with a significant association with the level of study (P 0.01). Tongue cleaning was reported by 69.3% of the students, and about half of the students reported using mouthwashes, and one-fourth of the students reported using Miswak. In total, about half of the students reported their oral health status as Good . Routine dental visits and the level of the study were significantly associated (P 0.01). Conclusions: Noticeable differences in oral health behaviors could not be concluded on a statistical basis. Nevertheless, there were areas of oral health behaviors where increased knowledge showed an improvement in health behavior. It is recommended that preventive programs, including self-care regimes, be started from the first year of dental education
Effect of Locator and Telescopic Attachment on Retention value for Two-Piece and One-Piece Implant-Supported Palateless Maxillary Over Denture An In-vitro study
Full text linkObjective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of two different implant designs (one-piece dental implant and two-piece dental implant) with attachment systems on retention value in implant-supported palate less maxillary overdenture. Methods: Two edentulous maxillary models were fabricated from cold-cure polymethyl methacrylate resin. Four implants were inserted for each model as follows: Model I (Four one-piece implants were inserted, two implants in the canine region and two implants in the second premolar region), while Model II (Four two-piece implants were inserted, two implants in the canine region and two implants in second premolar region). The maxillary denture was constructed over each model. In model I, four ready-made titanium telescopic attachments corresponding to implant abutments were embedded in the inner surface of the overdenture. In contrast, in model II, four locator attachments corresponding to implant abutments were embedded in the inner surface of the overdenture. Initial anterior, posterior, and central retention values of overdentures were recorded and compared with the retention after 540 and 1080 cycles of insertion and removal using a digital force gauge. Results: Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the initial, secondary and tertiary retention values for anterior, posterior, and central retentions for both models (higher values were recorded before insertion cycles). The higher anterior and central retention values were recorded in Model II (44.93 and 25.9) N respectively, on the other hand, the higher posterior retention value was recorded for Model I 23.3N. Conclusions: The type of attachment affects the retention value of maxillary overdenture. Continuous insertion and removal of the prosthesis lead to a decrease in the retention values