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A retrospective panoramic study for alveolar bone loss among young adults in Sulaimani City, Iraq
Full text linkObjective: to determine the prevalence of alveolar bone crest loss among a selected sample of archival orthopantomography (OPG) in relation to number of sites affected and gender in Sulaimani City. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted with an inclusive period running from March to December 2007 to determine the prevalence of alveolar bone loss among 1072 subjects on panoramic radiographs. Panoramic images were sampled at the radiological archive of Dental School Hospital–University of Sulaimani for a selected age class ranged from 17 to 30 years. Bone loss was estimated by measuring the distance from cementoenamel junction (CEJ) minus 2 mm (physiologic high of interseptal alveolar crest) to the crest of the alveolar bone at sites with reduced normal level of interseptal bone. Total bone loss was divided into two groups according to number of sites affected; group one (1-3) sites showing bone loss per panoramic radiograph, and group 2 showing bone loss at more than 3 sites. Samples were also divided into two age groups; group one from 17 to 23 years and group two from 24 to 30 years. Moreover, bone loss was determined according to gender into male and female and number of sites affected for each gender. Results: results showed that 347 images – 30.2% of the total images showed bone loss at one site or more. 14.6% of the images revealed bone loss at 1-3 sites, whereas, 15.6% demonstrated bone loss at more than 3 sites. Percentage of bone loss was significantly higher (P=0.001) among group two (24-30 years old group) than group one (17-23 years old group) 38% against 25% respectively. Female s radiographs recorded a non-significantly higher (P 0.05) bone loss than male s radiographs 31.7% against 28.7% respectively. Conclusion: prevalence of bone loss among young adults in Sulaimani City was relatively high compared to other published reports. There was a predilection for female. Bone loss was more prevalent at (24-30 years old group) compared to (17-23 years old group)
Prevalence of oral mucosal changes among 6- 13-year old children in Sulaimani city, Iraq
Full text linkObjectives: Understanding the distribution, etiology and epidemiology of oral mucosal changes is essential for preventiveand treatment planning. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of oral mucosal lesions andnormal variations among 6- to 13-year old children in Sulaimani city, north of Iraq.Method: A cross-sectional survey was carried out on primary school students in Sulaimani city. A total of 5113 Kurdishchildren was examined; 2757 (53.92%) were males and 2356 (46.08%) were females, enrolled in 20 primary publicschools. Any oral mucosal changes observed at the time of examination were recorded.Results: The prevalence of oral mucosal changes was found to be 12.87% (658 children): 12.91% (356) males and 12.82%(302) females, with no statistically significant gender variations (P 0.05). Twelve different oral mucosal changes/lesionswere diagnosed and the most common were herpes labialis (3.2%), aphthous ulcers (2.25%), linea alba (1.72%), angularcheilitis (1.7%), traumatic ulcers (1.58%) and geographical tongue (1.33%). No statistically significant association wasfound between different types of lesions and gender (P 0.05). The lips were found to be the most common affected site(27.36%) followed by buccal mucosa (23.86%), tongue (18.54%), labial mucosa (14.13%), and the lip commissures(13.22%).Conclusion: The present study represents the first cross-sectional epidemiological study of the prevalence and distributionof oral mucosal lesions among Kurdish Iraqi children in Sulaimani city providing the baseline data for future relativepreventive and health service programs
Assessment of oral hygiene in a sample of orthodontically treated patients using different bracket materials with different motivational techniques in Sulaimani City
No full textObjectives: To compare the effectiveness of three different motivational techniques for maintaining good oral hygiene during the long term fixed orthodontic treatment. Materials and methods: This comparative study was carried in Sulaimani city, on 60 patients with their age ranged from 12-18 years having fixed orthodontic appliances for a period of 18± 6 months were selected and divided randomly according to motivational techniques into three study groups (A, B and C), each group was subsequently subdivided into 2 subgroups according to the type of bracket material. The sample was subjected over a period of 6 months to different motivational techniques during the orthodontic treatment. Oral health status was examined and recorded twice using simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S). The results were statistically analyzed with Statistical Product and Service Solutions software (SPSS, V16). Results: After motivation and reinforcement, improvement of oral health was observed among the patients. Visual evidence motivational technique (applied for group C) approved to be the most significant effective motivational technique (P≤ 0.001) for patients undergoing orthodontic treatment regardless the type of the bracket material. Conclusions: Orthodontists should concern about the motivation of the patients undergoing orthodontic treatment keeping sustained oral hygiene throughout the treatment period. This study confirmed that visual evidence motivational technique is the best educational and motivational technique for orthodontic patients that should be carried out before and throughout the treatment