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Crown Size Comparisons in Patients with Unilateral Palatally Impacted Canine by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
Full text linkObjective: Impacted canine is a frequently encountered clinical problem. The goal of this study is to compare canines dimensions and the adjacent lateral incisors to investigate the impact of tooth size on canine impaction as it could help the orthodontists to prepare a scientific treatment plan which proportionally aligns the teeth on both sides. Methods: In this retrospective study, the cone-beam computed tomography of 40 patients with unilateral palatally impacted canines from the Kurdish population was assessed. Individual linear measurements were obtained from multiple axial slices of cone-beam computed tomography to assess mesiodistal width, gingivoincisal height, and labio-palatal thickness of the upper maxillary canines and lateral incisors crowns. The achieved data were compared between the impacted and non-impacted sides and a ratio of lateral incisor/canine for each dimension was calculated. Results: The crowns of maxillary impacted canines were significantly larger labio-palatally and mesiodistally than the canine on the normally erupted side. While lateral incisor crowns adjacent to the impacted canines were shorter gingivoincisally than those adjacent to non-impacted canines. There was a significant association between the erupted lateral incisor and higher gingivoincisal meanwhile no significant difference was observed in labio-palatal and mesiodistal dimensions. Conclusions: Palatally impacted canines were significantly larger in labio-palatal and mesiodistal dimensions than the normally erupted canines. The maxillary lateral incisors in the impacted canine side were slightly shorter than those on the non-impacted side and this difference has an effect on the orthodontic treatment planning
Evaluation of 5-Aminolevulinic acid, Methylene Blue, Toluidine Blue O Photosensitizers on Clinically Isolated Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia An in vitro Study
Full text linkObjective: To evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), methylene blue (MB), and toluidine blue O (TBO) photosensitizers against clinically isolated Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia). Methods: Patients with a periodontal pocket depth of ≥5 mm were selected for subgingival plaque sampling. Bacterial identification was carried out using colony morphology, gram staining and then validated using the PCR technique. The photosensitizers tested were 5-ALA, MB, and TBO. The antibacterial test was performed using an agar well, and disk diffusion methods and double-fold serial dilution was used for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results: Glossy, smooth, and looked grey, light brown, or black-pigmented colonies of P. intermedia on Columbia agar plates were confirmed by gram staining and PCR tests. Contrary to MB and TBO, 5-ALA photosensitizers didn t have antibacterial efficacy against P. gingivalis and P. intermedia. The antibacterial test showed an increased inhibition zone with increasing the photosensitizers concentration. The greatest inhibition zones were at 10mg/ml concentration for both MB and TBO. The MIC for MB was 2 mg/ml, and 1mg/ml, while for TBO, it was 1mg/ml and 0.5mg/ml for P. gingivalis and P. intermedia, respectively. Conclusions: MB and TBO have antibacterial properties against P. gingivalis and P. intermedia, and their efficacy increase with increasing concentration. TBO is more effective when compared to MB. Furthermore, P. intermedia is more sensitive to photoactivation in comparison to P. gingivalis
Effect of Adding Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Some Mechanical Properties of Dental Alginate
Full text linkObjective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) on Shore A hardness, Young s modulus, and tear strength of alginate impression material. Methods: Each test consists of one control group (alginate without TiO2NPs), and three test groups (2%, 3%, and 5%) of TiO2NPs were added, respectively. For each group, seven samples were constructed. For Shore A hardness, the samples were prepared according to ISO standards (7619-1:2010); Young s modulus was calculated from the obtained Shore A hardness value according to a special standard equation. In contrast, for tear strength, the samples were prepared according to ASTM D 624-00. Results: The Control group exhibited a significantly less Shore A hardness value than all the other groups except the group that contained 2% TiO2NPs, where the increase in the hardness value was non-significant. A similar result was observed for Young s modulus test, where the addition of TiO2NPs significantly increased Young s modulus compared to the control group. Although, on the contrary, the tear strength was significantly improved by adding 3% TiO2NPs compared to control and other groups, there was a significant drop in the value of tear strength when 5% TiO2NPs were added to alginate. Conclusions: The addition of 3% TiO2NPs to dental alginate increased Shore A hardness, Young s modulus, and significantly improved tear strength
Differences in Periodontal Parameters, Serum Vitamin D, Calcium, Phosphorus, Alkaline Phosphatase and C-Reactive Protein Between Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women with Periodontitis
Full text linkObjective: The study aimed to evaluate and compare the differences in periodontal and biochemical parameters between perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with periodontitis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 women with chronic periodontitis, aged 40-60 years, divided into 50 perimenopausal and 50 postmenopausal groups. Periodontal parameters (plaque index PI, gingival index GI, gingival bleeding index GBI, simplified debris index DI-S, simplified calculus index CI-S, simplified oral hygiene index OHI-S, clinical attachment loss CAL, and pocket depth PD) and blood samples were collected to estimate vitamin D, calcium Ca, phosphorous P, alkaline phosphatase ALP and C-reactive protein CRP. Results: The mean values of clinical periodontal parameters were significantly higher in the postmenopausal group as compared to the perimenopausal group (P 0.05), except for CI-S (P 0.05). For the biochemical parameters, the mean serum level of AlP, Ca, and P were within the normal reference ranges, with non-significant differences reported between both groups regarding ALP and P (P 0.05). While serum Vit.D level was more significantly reduced in the postmenopausal group (P 0.05), and CRP levels were increased in both groups, but with non-significant differences (P 0.05). Conclusions: Postmenopause could more significantly affect the progression severity of periodontal disease and vitamin D deficiency than peri menopause due to reducing circulating estrogen level
Stress Interpretation by Using Blood Glucose levels, blood pressure and pulse rate measurement in Patients attending Oral and Maxillofacial Clinic in College of Dentistry at University of Sulaimani
Full text linkObjective: Based on specific parameters such as blood glucose levels, blood pressure, and pulse rate, a prospective randomized case-control study was conducted to determine the stress during minor oral surgical procedures. Methods: A total of 200 patients who underwent minor oral surgical procedures were randomly assigned into two groups: group (1) received 2% lignocaine with adrenaline, while group (2) received the same plus an oral intake of 10 mg glucose in 200 mL water after administration of local anesthesia. Before starting the operation and after the procedure was completed, the blood glucose level, blood pressure, and pulse rate were taken at the chairside, with the time difference for each phase noted. Results: In group (1), blood glucose levels were found to decrease before operations and then increase to a value higher than the preoperative value, while in group (2), blood sugar levels remained constant before eventually rising to a higher postoperative value. Blood pressure increased gradually in all classes, and a rise in pulse rate was observed. Conclusions: We found a temporary decrease in blood glucose levels preceding an increase in blood glucose levels, lasting no more than four or five minutes in minor intraoral operations under local anesthesia. Mild hypoglycemia may trigger episodes of psychogenic syncope, so this brief hypoglycemia is of great clinical importance. At the same time, pulse rate and blood pressure gradually increase with the procedures' progress, which is due to sympathetic nervous system excitation that promotes norepinephrine-induced changes in many systems
Validity of a Self-reported Questionnaires for Periodontitis in a Kurdish Population of Sulaimani City/Iraq
Full text linkObjective: Full-mouth clinical periodontal evaluations in large surveys may not be practicable. Therefore, the questionnaire can be used to reduce cost and time. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate two previously used questionnaires to determine periodontitis and compare them in the Kurdish population. Methods: The two different questionnaires used were previously examined in different populations. Full mouth periodontal examination of bleeding on probing, pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, furcation involvement, and recession were recorded. The case definition of periodontitis is based on the 2017 classification. The receiver operating characteristic curve, area under the curve (AUC), and logistic regression were used to examine the validity of each questionnaire. Results: Self-reported questionnaires had a useful discriminative capability for detecting periodontitis patients. In questionnaire1, (Q1) has the uppermost true positive result (79.2%), and the strongest crude associations were seen for Q3 (17.72) and 4 (10.9). Whereas, in questionnaire 2, the most frequent positive response was to the Q12 (77.2%), and the strongest crude associations were detected for the Q2 (13.76%) and Q6 (20.78%). The combinations of questions revealed increasing the AUC. Conclusions: The use of several self-reported questions revealed a good performance for screening periodontitis in the Kurdish population, especially those related to patient awareness about periodontal disease, bleeding of the gum, treatment, and diagnosis that had been carried out for patients previously by a dentist
Efficacy of Curcumin Mouth Wash on Gingival Inflammation in Patients with Chronic Gingivitis
Full text linkObjective: For gingival disease, various modalities of treatment are available. Turmeric is a novel product obtained from plants that plays a vital role in treating gingival and periodontal diseases. This study aims to evaluate the anti-plaque and anti-inflammatory property effects of curcumin mouthwash (0.1%) on participants with plaque-induced gingivitis. Methods: From eighty subjects, sixty participants with generalized gingivitis received meticulous scaling and polishing (S P) and were divided randomly into 3 groups: Curcumin (CU), Chlorhexidine (CHX), and control (S P) groups. Clinical parameters: PI, GI, BOP, and salivary IL-1β were assessed at baseline and after 4 weeks of therapy. The rest of the twenty patients with clinically healthy gingiva. Results: The results showed a significant reduction in the mean values of PI, GI, BOP, and Il-1β levels after 4 weeks of therapy as compared to baseline in all 3 groups (p≤0.05), with the highest mean reduction of GI, BOP, and IL-1 β scores detected in the CU when compared to the CHX and S P groups, and the highest mean reduction of PI scores detected in the CHX group in comparison to the CU and S P groups (p≤0.05), with significant differences, existed between the 3 groups (p≤0.05). Conclusions: CU was more effective than CHX when anti-inflammatory property effects were considered, while CHX was more effective than CU when anti-plaque property effects were considered. Therefore, CU mouthwash can be considered an effective alternative antigingivitis agent to CHX due to its anti-plaque and anti-inflammatory property effects
Assessment of Clinical Attachment Level in Anxious Patients
Full text linkObjective: This study aimed to assess the clinical attachment level in anxious patients with periodontitis using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale Rate. Methods: The study was conducted at the University of Sulaimani, and Shorsh Dental Center teaching hospital; 100 individuals (50 males and 50 females) were included in the study ranging from (30- 65) years old. The individuals' anxiety level was evaluated using Hamilton Anxiety Scale Rate (HAM-A), and the WHO probe measured the clinical attachment level (CAL). The collected data were analyzed using the Chi square test and Spearman correlation, and p≤0.05 was significant. Results: Among 100 individuals that participated in the study,38% had mild anxiety, and the remaining (21,12,18 and 11) % had moderate, severe, very severe, and no anxiety, respectively. In these groups, the majority of participants had stage II periodontitis, followed by stage I, none periodontitis, stage III, and stage IV periodontitis, respectively. There s no significant difference in CAL between genders (P=0.81). But there were significant differences in anxiety between genders (P=0.028), and there was no significant association between anxiety and CAL (P= 0.803). Conclusions: In the present study, the severity of anxiety was stronger in males than in females. Anxiety didn't cause CAL
The Effect of an Audiovisual Distraction Method on 6-10-Years Old Children’s Behavior During Dental Treatment A Clinical Trial
Full text linkObjective: Management of uncooperative and anxious children during dental treatment is a major problem in pediatric dentistry. This study was designed to assess the effect of an audiovisual distraction method in minimizing the fear and anxiety of the child patient during dental treatment. Methods: A randomized clinical trial with a parallel design was carried out on 40 children aged between 6 and 10 years to ascertain the efficacy of the audiovisual (virtual reality eyeglasses) distraction method in reducing children's dental anxiety during local anesthetic administration. Forty children were randomly divided into two groups; the control group (conventional local anesthesia injection alone) and the study group (conventional local anesthesia injection combined with audio-visual virtual reality eyeglasses). The pain experience and anxiety were assessed using a combination of measures: visual analog scale (child self-report) visual analog scale (parent report), pulse rate and oxygen saturation SpO2 (physiological), and behavior assessment performed using (Frankl s behavior rating scale and Houpt s scale). Results: All 40 children completed the study. A highly significant reduction in the child s anxiety and pain experienced in the audiovisual distraction group was seen as reported by the visual analog scale (p 0.001) and Houpt scale (p 0.003). In contrast, pulse rate and spo2 showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: Audiovisual distraction method offers an effective distraction tool for alleviating the pain and unpleasantness that arises while administering local anesthesia in dental treatment
Bracket Removal and Enamel Polishing Procedures After Completion of Orthodontic Treatment; A Survey Among Iraqi Orthodontists
No full textObjective: To survey the orthodontic debonding techniques in Iraq and describe the most commonly used methods to remove the brackets and adhesive remnants from the enamel surfaces. Methods: A questionnaire survey consisting of 9 questions about general information of the participants (gender, work location, duration of practicing orthodontics), bracket debonding methods, and instruments used was electronically sent to Iraqi orthodontists. Results: Overall, 91 orthodontists responded. 67% of participants found enamel damage after bracket removal. The most commonly used pliers for bracket debonding were bracket removal pliers (73.6%) and ligature cutters (23.1%). For adhesive removal, high-speed tungsten carbide burs were the most widely used technique for adhesive removal, followed by low-speed carbide burs and low-speed abrasive discs, respectively. The most frequently used instruments for polishing after debonding were rubber cups with pumice (40.65%). Conclusions: In the present survey, it is shown that bracket debonding pliers are the most commonly used pliers for bracket removal. High-speed tungsten carbide bur is the most utilized method for adhesive removal, rubber cup together with pumice is the most commonly used technique for tooth polishing