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Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Profiles of Thymus vulgaris Essential Oil on Clinically Isolated Porphyromonas Gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia An In Vitro Study
Full text linkObjective: To investigate the antibacterial and antibiofilm effect of the essential oil extracted from Thymus vulgaris (TV) against clinically isolated Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia). Methods: Subgingival plaque samples were collected from periodontitis patients with a probing pocket depth of at least 6mm. Conventional microbiological tests and molecular techniques were used to isolate and confirm P. intermedia. In addition, previously isolated P gingivalis was obtained from the microbiology department of the college of dentistry, Sulaimani University. The hydrodistillation method was used for the extraction of the essential oil. The antibacterial activity of TV against the confirmed clinical strains has been determined by disc diffusion and broth dilution methods to determine the minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations. In addition, the antibiofilm activity of the essential oils was evaluated by a qualitative tube method. Results: The essential oil extracted from TV revealed comparable antibacterial activity with inhibition zones ranging from 9.55±0.30mm to 15.85±0.30mm for P. gingivalis and 10.55±0.25mm to 16.85±0.40mm for P. intermedia. The MIC of the tested oil were 1.56μL/mL and 0.78μL/mL, while the MBC were 3.125μL/mL and 1.56 μL/mL against P. gingivalis and P. intermedia, respectively. TV essential oil showed moderate and robust antibiofilm activity against P. gingivalis and P. intermedia. Conclusions: TV essential oil showed antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against clinically isolated P. gingivalis and P. intermedia. Further studies should focus on using TV essential oil as an adjunct to periodontal therapy
Preference for Using Posts to Restore Endodontically Treated Teeth among Dentists in College of Dentistry Hawler Medical University
Full text linkObjective: Traditional restorative approaches are being modified as newer materials become available and patient preferences shift. The purpose of the study was to see if dentists' preferences for using posts and other materials associated to post used to restore endodontically treated teeth are influenced by practical experience, whether measured by the length of clinical practice time or level of specialty. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with dentists (n = 108) working at Hawler Medical University/College of Dentistry utilizing a questionnaire. Data on sociodemographics, clinical experience, postgraduate training, and post-endodontic restoration characteristics (posts/types of cement, rubber dam application) were obtained. The samples only included general and specialist dentists. A descriptive analysis was performed on the data. The Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test investigated the relationships. Results: The most chosen materials were metal posts (53.7 %) and resin cement (50 %). There was a statistically significant association between clinical practice duration and post-use type (P = 0.017). In addition, there was a highly significant relationship (P = 0.001) between clinical practice time, level of specialty, and the use of rubber dams. Conclusions: Dentists favored metal posts for post endodontic restorations, while resin-based cement was the preferred luting cement for the posts' cementation. Additional training and more clinical practice time were factors in several dental post-selection decisions
Parents’ Behavior as an Indicator for Children’s Oral Health
Full text linkObjective: Children are exceptional imitators of the surrounding people in the early childhood period. They use imitation as a mechanism in cognitive development. This study was designed to assess the effect of parents' oral health Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP), socioeconomic status, occupational type, and educational level on their children`s oral health status in Sulaimani city. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 490 children at the mixed dentition stage. They were examined for oral health status with dmft and DMFT indices following WHO criteria at different Pedodontics clinics in the city. Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice, in addition to the parent's socioeconomic status and educational level, were assessed through a structured questionnaire. Results: Statistical analysis demonstrated that children s dmft/DMFT scores were strongly and positively associated with their parents` KAP, socioeconomic status, and educational level. Furthermore, the marital status of the parents had a direct impact on the children's oral health. Additionally, children of parents in the medical profession were presented with significantly better oral health. Conclusions: Oral health of the children represented by dmft/DMFT scores were significantly affected by the KAP, educational level, profession type, and marital status of their parents. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to consider the parents in children s oral health improvements
Evaluating Diagnostic Validity of Various Sagittal Cephalometric Parameters (a Comparative Retrospective Study)
Full text linkObjective: The goal of this study was to determine the accuracy and reliability of numerous skeletal analyses for determining the sagittal skeletal pattern. Methods: A total of 105 cephalometric x-rays were used. The Steiner s ANB angle, anteroposterior dysplasia indicator (APDI), and angle of convexity by Down s assessed the anteroposterior skeletal pattern. According to the diagnostic results of the majority of the criteria, the samples were divided into three classes: I, II, and III. The analyses' validity and reliability were assessed using Kappa statistics, positive predictive value, and sensitivity. Results: There was a moderate agreement between the ANB angle and the final diagnosis (K= 0.593). The ANB angle demonstrated the highest sensitivity in class II and III groups (1.00). Conclusions: The ANB angle and down's angle of convexity was the most accurate markers for class I and III groups, respectively, while the Down's angle of convexity and APDI were the most accurate indicators for class III group
Initial Sign and Period Until the Diagnosis of Behçet's Diseased Patients in Sulaimani Rheumatology Center
Full text linkObjective: The present study aimed to register the initial clinical findings in BD patients regarding age, sex, and family history as well as to estimate the time lapse until establishing the diagnosis. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was implemented to include 50 cases of Behçet's disease over 14 years from the Rheumatology center in Sulaimani governorate-Iraq. Data were tabulated and analyzed by chi-square and independent t-test. Results: The sample predominates in females (56%). The male-to-female ratio was 0.78:1. Their ages ranged from 23 to 71 years (43.92 ± 12.02 years). The most affected age group was 41-50 (16 cases, 32%). To a major extent, the first reported sign was oral ulceration (94%); however, the ocular lesion was the first sign in 3 females (6%). Family history was present in relatives of 6 cases (1 male and five females). An average delay of (10.66 ± 6.77) years was noted from the initial manifestation of the first sign to the time of diagnosis. Conclusions: Dentists could reduce the delay in Behçet's disease diagnosis because patients in clinical settings may give a history of recurrent oral ulceration with other manifestations that infer possible background of BD
Evaluation of Skeletal Jaw Relation by Different Cephalometric Angles for Sample of Kurdish Young Adults in Sulaimani City-A Cephalometric Study
Full text linkObjective: An accurate evaluation of the skeletal sagittal jaw relationship is important in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. This study was done to establish cephalometric norms of all types of malocclusions using ANB angle, Wit s appraisal, and Beta angle and evaluate the significance of W angle compared to these parameters. Methods: Ninety pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of male and female patients aged 18-28 years from Sulaimani city that met the sample criteria were traced digitally by the Easy Dent 4 software program. The sample was divided into three groups of skeletal malocclusions, class I, II, and III, by the two-finger method of Foster initially. It was later confirmed cephalometrically by ANB angle, Beta angle, and Wit s appraisal; each group consisted of 30 patients. Also, for each subject, the W angle was measured. Results: Significant differences were found in the ANB angle, Beta angle, Wit s appraisal, and W-angle in all 90 patients. The coefficient of variability showed that Wit s appraisal was the most variable parameter and W angle was the least variable parameter. Conclusions: ANB angle, Beta angle, Wit s appraisal, and W-angle are significant parameters to assess the sagittal jaw relationship. The use of W angle and other parameters can provide a more accurate assessment of the sagittal skeletal jaw relationship as it has the least coefficient of variance; it should therefore enable better diagnosis and treatment planning for patients
Antibacterial and Anti-biofilm Effect of Lactuca serriola Extract Against Clinically Isolated Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia: An in vitro study
Full text linkObjective: To investigate the antibacterial and anti-biofilm effect of Lactuca serriola (LS) extract against clinically isolated Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia). Methods: LS extract was prepared by solvent extraction method. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze phytochemical components. Plaque samples were obtained from periodontitis patients with probing pocket depth ≥6mm to isolate P. intermedia. Microbiological tests and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to confirm P. intermedia. Antibacterial activities of LS against the confirmed clinical strains (P. intermedia and revised P. gingivalis) were determined by agar well diffusion method. Broth macro dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The anti-biofilm assay of the LS was performed by using tube adhesion method. Results: Antibacterial activity of LS against clinical isolates revealed that the inhibition zones ranged from 11.75 ±0.95mm to 24.25 ±1.7mm for P. gingivalis and 12.75 ±0.95mm to 25.5 ±1.29mm for P. intermedia. The MICs of LS extract were 212.5mg/mL and 106.2 mg/mL, while the MBCs were 425mg/mL and 212.5mg/mL against P. gingivalis and P. intermedia, respectively. The anti-biofilm of LS extract exhibited strong anti-biofilm activity. Conclusions: LS extract exhibited bactericidal and anti-biofilm activity against clinically isolated P. gingivalis and P. intermedia in an in vitro study
Identification and Genotyping of Candida Species Involved in Oral Candidiasis among Diabetic Patients
Full text linkObjective: Oral candidiasis is more prevalent among diabetic patients than non-diabetics due to the factors that promote Candida oral carriage. This study aimed to isolate and identify Candida species involved in oral candidiasis of patients with diabetes mellitus in Sulaymaniyah city. Methods: The study was performed from August 2021 to March 2022 on two diabetic patients, Type 1 and Type 2 (n=150) and non- diabetics (n=50), as a control group. In Iraq's Kurdistan region, oral swabs were taken from 200 participants at the Sulaymaniyah governorate's Diabetic and Endocrine Center and Shar hospital. Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) medium was used to culture the swabs. Candida isolates were identified using HiCromeTM Candida Differential agar, then confirmed using polymerase chain reaction based on the ITS region and CHS1 gene detection. Using the CA25S and CA-INT primers, all C. Albicans isolates were genotyped based on the transposable intron in 25S rDNA. ITS1 and ITS4 primers were used to sequence the 18S region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Descriptive statistics were used for summaries and to describe data. Results: From the samples of 150 diabetes patients and 50 controls, 64 (42.6%) and 12 (24%) were positive for Candida spp. In the diabetic patients, 34 (53.1%) of the 64 isolated Candida spp. were identified as C. Albicans, while 6 (50%) of the healthy subjects had C. albicans. The genotypes A (450 bp), B (840 bp), C (450 and 840 bp) of C. Albicans and D (1040 bp) that belongs to C. dubliniensis were detected. Genotype A (54.69%) was the most frequent. Conclusions: This study concluded that there was a difference in the proportion of Candida spp. colonization in the oral cavity of diabetic patients compared to the healthy group; also, we found that C. Albicans with Genotype A was the most prevalent species among all other species in both groups
The Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride, CPP-ACPNaF, and Sodium Fluoride Varnish on Deciduous Enamel Erosion by Daily Snack ( Drink) in Children An In Vitro Study
Full text linkObjective: Most children consume carbonated soft drinks and fruit juices daily, inducing detrimental low pH and contributing to dental erosion. The current study aimed to assess and compare the efficacy of a single application of 38% Silver diamine fluoride (38% SDF), CPP-ACP/NaF varnish, and Sodium fluoride varnish (NaF) in the prevention of enamel demineralization in primary teeth against daily snack drink in children. Methods: Forty primary anterior teeth (n=40) were divided into four groups and exposed to the following treatments (n=10): G1= 38%SDF (e- SDF TM); G2= CPP-ACP/NaF (MI VarnishTM); G3= NaF varnish (FluoroDose ); G4= Distilled water. The specimens were submitted for four days, with six pH cycles per day (10 minutes in orange juice) (SUNQUICK, IRAQ). Artificial saliva was used to remineralize the specimens after erosion challenges and as storage media between cycles. After four days of pH cycling, all the specimens were subjected to an atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) to measure the amount of Calcium and phosphorus loss in each acidic solution. Scanning Electron Microscope evaluated the enamel topographic characteristics. Results: All varnishes promoted better results for protecting enamel than the distilled water, with a difference. However, 38% of SDF demonstrated less Calcium and phosphorus loss than CPP-ACP/NaF, NaF varnish, and distilled water (p 0.001). Conclusions: Considering calcium and phosphorus loss values, a single application of each 38% SDF, MI varnish, and Naf effectively inhibited enamel erosion after four days of an erosive challenge, although the best protective effect was in favor of SDF
Pathological Fractures Of The Jaws Due To Cystic Lesions A Three Case Series With A Brief Review Of The Literature
Full text linkThis study aims to describe pathologic fractures of the jaws due to cystic bone lesions. Their daily clinical practice findings are not very common, so their treatment can be challenging. In addition, endosseous benign lesions like a radicular, residual, solitary, aneurysmal cyst, and odontogenic keratocyst, might weaken the bone so that trauma, or usual chewing, could break it. We follow from the first clinical examination to the X-ray or CBCT examination and surgical management of our patients, reporting all procedures and results to explain our approach to these cases. We also reviewed the literature briefly to determine if our operative management is in line with the scientific community. Mandibular angle and body are common locations, while symphysis and condyle are less so. Young men are the most affected, and trauma is the most triggering event. Cyst enucleation, followed by fracture reduction and fixation, is the treatment of choice for our clinical team and the scientific community. We observe how impactful it is to approach the cavity of the cystic lesion from the fracture line as the surgical gold standard