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Study the effect of different shades and thickness on surface hardness of light cure composite restoration (A Comparative In Vitro Study)
Full text linkObjectives: Study performed to determined the effect of cavity depth shade of composite on surface microhardness of the restoration. Materials and Methods: Eighty cylindrical specimens were prepared, (Group R) 40 specimens of Nano filled composanceram, divided into four subgroups(R1,2.5 mm,A1shade / R2, 2.5mm, C2 shade / R3,4.5mm, A1shade / R4, 4.5mm, C2shade). And (Group E) 40specimens of Micro hybrid, 3G SDI, divided into four subgroups as the same as first group. After curing with visible light cure 230v/50Hz, output 470 nm, measuring the Vicker Hardness number of top and bottom surface of each specimen, then analyzed by Student t-test. Results: Showed highly significant in difference in relation between top and bottom surfaces for all subgroups,and also there was highly significant indifference in relation to different types of composite, while there was non-significant indifference in relation to difference in shade in case of thin thickness, while it was significant in difference in case of thick thickness of specimens. Conclusions: In case of deep cavity it wise to use thinner composite increments to improve polymerization and should avoid thicker increment especially in a dark shade of composite
The prevalence of enamel white spot lesions before and after fixed orthodontic treatment among patients attending Shorish Dental Center
Full text linkObjectives: This study was done to determine the prevalence of WSLs among orthodontic patients visiting Shorish Dental Center in Sulaimani City during 4 months (1st June 2013- 30 sep 2013) requiring fixed orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: Six hundred and seventy patients (223control and 447study groups) who attended orthodontic department of Shorish Dental Center during 4 months were included in this study. The presence of white spot lesions was determined by visual examination in two groups of patients. The study group consisted of patients who did wear fixed orthodontic appliance, and the control group consisted of patients who didn t having their braces placed on their teeth. Results: Out of 477 orthodontic patients, 148 cases presents WSL, and their prevalence was equal to (31%). Conclusion: The development of white spot lesion during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance was not a significant clinical problem and its prevalence didn t affect by the age and the gender of the patients, suggesting that any preventive therapy provided appeared to be effective. Conclusions: Fixed orthodontic appliance was not a critical factor that contributed to the development of WSL. The age and the gender of the patient didn t play a role in the prevalence of the WSLs
Fluoride concentration of well water in different areas of Sulaimani province
Full text linkObjectives: To determine the amount of fluoride concentration in well water of different places in Sulaimani province, Iraq. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two samples of well water were taken from different areas in Sulaimani Province. The areas are different from the geographical point of view. The water samples were directly taken from the wells pumps. Each sample was filtered through a 0.45 µm and 47 mm diameter membrane filter before analyzing by ion chromatography machine. The machine had been standardized for fluoride ion by using Dionex seven anion standard to allow the machine is reading fluoride ions within these certain concentrations. Anion identification is based on the comparison of analyte signal peak retention times relative to those of known standards. Quantitation is accomplished by measuring the peak area and comparing it to a calibration curve generated from known standards. Results: All the 22 samples had shown the very low amount of fluoride concentration. The maximum concentration was 0.157 mg/l, and the minimum concentration was zero mg/l. Conclusion: The fluoride ions in the samples taken from different sources of well water in Sulaimani province had shown concentrations that could not provide any benefits for the purpose of caries prevention
Age changes in the position of mandibular foramen related to the occlusal plane and other mandibular parameters on orthopantomograms among 7-11 years old ages among Sulaimani children
Full text linkObjectives: Main objective of this study was to estimate gender and age changes in the position of MF in relation to the occlusal plane among boys and girls aged 7 to 11 years old, also to record the distance between MF with each of the anterior border of ramus (AB), posterior border of ramus (PB), and the inferior border of ramus (IB) near the mandibular angle. Another aim was to find a correlation between the gonial angle (GA) and other mandibular ramus parameters. Materials and Methods: 200 normal panoramic radiographs belong to 100 boys and 100 girls between 7-11 years old age, were included in this study. Radiographs collected from different sources. Seven points; four planes; four lines; and one angle were traced on the right side of the radiographs. AutoCAD and Photoshop programs were used to measure distances from MF to each of the occlusal planes; AB; PB, and IB. also GA were measured. These measuring were assessed and compared in different age and sex groups to determine the relative position of MF to the occlusal plane and other parameters. Results: These results showed statistically significant increasing in all parameters in relation to the aging process and both sexes (P value 0.5). Boys had higher measurements than girls in all parameters except for the distance between MF and occlusal plane. GA showed a negative correlation with aging in both sexes. Conclusions: It is concluded that IANB anesthesia is well done if the dental needle inserted below and above the occlusal plane in 7-9 and 10-11 years old boys respectively. While it should be inserted below and above the occlusal plane in 7-8 and 9-11 years old girls respectively. GA has a negative correlation with the occlusal plane and other mandibular parameters (P value 0.5). The relation between MF distance to other mandibular parameters and with advancing age in both sexes were statistically significant (P value 0.5)
Comparison of volume loss of tooth structure between tradisional and conservative FPD designs
No full textObjectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the amount of tooth structure that is sacrificed with the conventional preparation of a 3-unit bridge and compare this with a variety of more conservative 3-unit bridge designs. Materials and methods: Fifty typodont Frasaco teeth were used to prepare five 3-unit FPD preparation designs (25 lower right first premolar teeth and 25 lower right first molar teeth). One conventional full coverage crown retainer, two different innovative partial coverage crown retainer and two different Inlay design retainer. The volume of tooth structure lost was measured for each design and statistically analyzed. Results: One-way ANOVA with Tukey s test statistical analysis of the results at (p˂ 0.001), revealed that there was a highly significant effect of the preparation design on the volume loss of tooth structure. Volume tooth structure saved design IV and V was about twice that saved with the partial coverage crown in design II and III. Conclusion: The amount of tooth structure sacrificed in the proposed conservative FPD designs is significantly less than that calculated for the traditional design
Prevalence of orofacial changes in patients with β-thalassemia major in Karbala City, Iraq
Full text linkObjectives: The aim of this study was to investigate findings of oral abnormalities or changes in these patients, and compare it to healthy control subjects. Materials and Methods: Patients were selected from Thalassemia Center of Pediatric of Al Hussaini Teaching Hospital in Holy-Karbala during the period from March to September 2013. Forty (40) subjects were incorporated in this study. All these patients with age range (4-15) years, (22 males, and 18 females). All these patients were without any other systemic diseases. Results: The prevalence of orofacial complications in β-thalassemia major patients was: prominent maxilla (85%), bad oder (80%), oral ulcers (50%), angular stomatitis (40%), candidal infection (35%), changes in oral mucosa (30%), xerostomia (15%), and the last one was enlargements of salivary glands (zero). Conclusions: Knowing the prevalence of complication can help the dentists to do properly for these patients to solve their problems and improve knowledge of the parents about their children's dental health
Conservation of dentin thickness in the root canals orifice following two preparation techniques
Full text linkObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of dentine removed after canal preparation using ProTaper (PT) and Greater Taper (GT) rotary instruments. Materials and methods: Twenty extracted human teeth with single roots were selected and sectioned at the level of CEJ. The roots were distributed in two groups (n= 20) using stratified randomization, and prepared under simulated clinical conditions with ProTaper (PT) and Greater Taper (GT) rotary NiTi system. The pre- and post-preparation photographs were traced and superimposed, dentin thickness was measured at the levels of canal periphery, canal area, tooth area, mesial dentin thickness, distal dentin thickness, buccal dentin thickness and lingual dentin thickness both before and after preparation. Results: The thickness of removed dentin was significantly different between the two preparation techniques (p 0.01) at the level of both tooth and canal area with more conservation for GT system while ProTaper system more conservative at buccolingual width than mesiodistal width, and GT system was more conservative at mesiodistal dimension than buccolingual dimension. Conclusion: GT rotary instrumentation prepares root canals has greater conservation of dentine structure on the overall dimensions of the root, while the ProTaper system is more conservative at buccolingual dimension
The prevalence of fracture in acrylic removable dentures in Sulaimani city
Full text linkObjective: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of fractures in Acrylic Removable Dentures in Sulaimani City. Patients and methods: A questioner was used to collect the data from two dental laboratories. 264 fracture cases were collected. The variables evaluated were; the fracture area, the possible cause of fracture, fracture frequency, place of denture construction, the age of the denture, and the type of Removable Denture, Partial or Complete Denture. Results: The data result showed; The ratio of fracture incidence in complete denture to partial denture fracture was nearly 4:1, the ratio of upper to lower denture was 2:1, the most common fractures was midline fracture 112 (42.424%), followed by the De-Bonding of the artificial teeth 62 (23.484%). Dropping was the main possible cause of fracture 66 (25%), followed by poor occlusion 38 (14. 393%). 128 (48.484%) of the denture fractures was first time fracture, 136 (51.515%) of the dentures had repeated fracture. 112 (42.424%) of the fractured dentures were constructed by a technician like people (Dan Saz), 76 (28.787%) were constructed in dental hospital. 58 (21.969%) of the fractured dentures were constructed 1 years ago or less, 146 (55.303%) of the fractured dentures were more than 3 years old. Conclusion: Midline fracture had the highest rate among all the other types of fractures; fracture of upper denture was more than lower dentures. Dropping followed by the De-bonding of the artificial teeth was the most possible cause of fracture. Fracture rate increased among the dentures which were first constructed by a technician like people (Dan Saz). Fracture frequency increased as the denture age increased, also increased among dentures with repeated fracture
Prevalence of common white lesions in oral cavity among patients attended School of Dentistry in Sulaimani/ Iraq
No full textObjectives: This study was conducted to examine the prevalence of common white lesions in the oral cavity. Patients Methods: Examination was done for 500 patients visiting dental school, in Sulaimani city, Kurdistan region-Iraq from different age groups and sexes for presences of white lesions. Examination includes the type, site and size of the lesion in oral cavity. Results: The result showed that about 44.2% (221 patients) had one type of white lesions with male predominance. Candidiasis and hyperkeratosis represented the majority of these cases 54.2% and 38% respectively while leukoplakia represented the less finding in this study (3.6%). According to the age group these lesion were founded in above 50 years patients more than the other groups. Conclusion: White lesions in oral cavity may be symptomless and can be found by routine oral examination. Early diagnosis may aid in the treatment of these lesions
The prevalence and etiology of maxillary midline diastema among orthodontic patients attending Shorsh Dental Clinic in Sulaimani City
Full text linkMaxillary midline diastema (MMD) is a common aesthetic problem of people seeking orthodontic problem, which meansspacing greater than 0.5 mm between the proximal surfaces of maxillary central incisors. The causes for MMD may be: highfrenum attachment; microdontia; macrognathia; supernumerary teeth; peg laterals; missing lateral incisors; midline cysts andunhealthy oral habits.Objectives: The purposes of this study were to determine the prevalence of MMD among Shorish dental clinic`s patientsseeking orthodontic treatment and to find the factors associated with this anomaly.Materials and Methods: During 6 months, 507 patients with age (13 – 40) years old attending Shorish Dental Clinic, seekingorthodontic treatment were screened to find the prevalence and etiology of MMD.Result: The MMD was present in 110 patients (21.7%). The frequency of MMD was the same in males and females. It ishighest in the young age group and lowest in the older age group (29% vs. 4%).Conclusion: The most frequent factor among the observed etiological factors was oral unhealthy habit which was found in40% of MMD patients and 8.7% of all cases