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Evaluation of the antimicrobial effects of ozonated water on the sanitization of endodontic files contaminated with C. Albicans
Full text linkObjectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 0.5 ppm ozonated water in the elimination of Candida albicans, from endodontic files. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 20 K-files, 21 mm long and of size 25. Of these, five files were taken as a control group, and the remaining 15 files were divided into three groups of 5 files each and they were tested for the efficacy of sanitization with different disinfecting material: sodium hypochlorite alone, sodium hypochlorite followed by ozonated water and ozonated water alone. From the prepared sample of C.albicans, the 20 K-files were contaminated. Results: Antimicrobial effectiveness was evaluated by the reduction of microbial counts. Incomplete disinfection of ozonated water up to 20% was observed (%80 sterilization). Conclusions: The results showed that disinfecting and exposing to ozonated water alone cannot give complete sterilization. Sodium hypochlorite followed by ozonated water can be used as an alternative method for using ozonated water alone
The selection of maxillary anterior teeth width in relation to facial measurements
Full text linkObjectives: This clinical study was carried out to determine the relationships between maxillary anterior teeth width [canine arc distance, central incisor width], and certain horizontal facial parameters which include: [(Interzygomatic, inner and outer canthus and interpupillary) distances, and (interalar, mouth and philtrum of upper lip) widths], to be used as a guide to selection of the maxillary anterior teeth width. Materials and Methods: The facial measurements were taken directly from (60) under-graduate students in age range (19-24) years old by using an electronic digital vernier caliper. While canine arc distance and central incisor width were measured indirectly on the casts made from impressions of the selected subjects using flexible millimeter ruler. The collected data were analyzed and correlated using statistical package SPSS version 20. Results: The mean value of all the parameters measured were significantly higher in males than female, for male just a significant correlation was found between canine arc distance and mouth width, CARCD =0.994×MW, while for females significant correlation was found between canine arc distance mouth width, inner and outer canthal distance, and interpupillary distance, but the most significance relation was with the mouth width, CARCD=1.036×MW, and central incisor width was significantly correlated with, mouth width, CIW = MW ÷6.15, CIW = MW ×0.16. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that certain horizontal facial parameters could be used as a guide in maxillary anterior teeth width selection to achieve an optimal esthetic result for each gender
Complete edentulism and related factors among patients visiting prosthodontics department clinic of School of Dentistry - University of Sulaimani
Full text linkObjectives: The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of complete edentulism and associated factors among patients visiting prosthodontics department clinic of School of dentistry Sulaimani University, in order to plan for future oral health care provisions for the society, collecting epidemiological data on oral health particularly related to prosthodontics and its related issues. Materials and Methods: The samples comprised 280 completely edentulous patients, who attended University of Sulaimani School of dentistry prosthodontics department clinic, patients questioner filled out which covered their age, gender, reasons for edentulousness, medical history, and presence of previous denture and the reason of not using it. The patients were divided in to four age groups; Group I (40-49) years, Group II (50-59) years, Group III (60-69) years, and Group IV 70 years and above. The relationship between the variables were investigated then evaluated. Results: The results showed that 155 (55.4%) of the patients were males and 125 (44.6%) of the patients were females. The majority of the patients were from age group III (60-69) years, while minority of the patient were from age Group I (40-49). Tooth decay was the major cause of edentulousness (75.4%), while periodontitis constitutes only (24.65) of the cases. Among the total number of participants only (35%) of them were have systemic problems, 61.2% suffered from hypertension, 29.6% were diabetic, and only 9.2% of the patients have cardiovascular problem. Finally, the results revealed that from 280 patients 164 (58.6 %) have previous dentures, poor retention (48.2%), fracture (31.7), tooth wear (12.2%), discomfort (4.2%), and stability (3.7%); were the reason of not using these dentures. Conclusions: An effective relationship between age, gender, tooth decay, periodontal disease, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease with edentulism is present
Pattern, incidence and causes of partial edentulism in a group of patients attending dental school of Sulaimani university
Full text linkObjectives: The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of partial edentulism and its relationship with age, gender and etiological factors in group of patients attending prosthodontic department, School of dentistry, University of Sulaimani-Iraq. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 274 patients attending prosthodontic department, the partial edentulism was recorded by visual examination using Kennedy s Classification. The source of data was patient s case sheets and the patients were informed that the recorded informations were required for a research purpose and their consent and agreements were taken verbally. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16 and presented as a simple frequency table and figures. Results: The study results showed that 170 of the patients were female (62.1%) and 104 of the patient were male (37.9%). The most frequently occurred Kennedy class was Kennedy Class I (39.2%) followed by Kennedy Class III and II (31.9%), (27.6%) respectively and the least frequent was Kennedy Class IV (1.3%). The highest percentage of Kennedy class I arch was seen in the mandible (49.4%), while the most frequently seen Kennedy class in the maxilla was class III arch (40.9%), with an increase in age, there is an increase in class I and class II dental arches and a decrease in class III arch both in maxilla and in mandible. Finally, the results revealed that the most frequent reason of exodontias stand out to be caries in both male and female (81.7%), (85.2%) respectively. Conclusions: It was concluded that the most common pattern of partial edentulism in examined sample was found to be class I in mandible then class III in maxilla and class IV being the least common in both jaws. The mandibular arches are more partially edentulous than maxillary arches and female patients more demanding Prosthodontic treatments than male patients. With an increase in age there is a transition of bounded saddle to free end saddles and the principle cause of tooth loss was dental caries
Influence of prefabricated post screw head design on the stress pattern in the core and crown. Finite element stress analysis study
Get PDFObjectives: This study evaluated the influence of dental post head design on the stress distribution in the core and crown structure as an in vitro study. Materials and Methods: 3D finite element model prepared for three different stainless steel post head designs (rectangular with sharp line angle (A), rectangular with fillet line angle (B), and post with round head (C), inserted in single rooted tooth and retained the composite core and zircon crown. Two configurations of load (100) Newten were applied vertically (V) and lateral oblique (LO) on the occlusal surface of the crown. The results were analyzed and the maximum Von Mises stress option of the stress analysis, at the core and crown parts were compared. Results: The results shown that the Maximum Von Mises stresses value in design A (45.58, 186.16) MPa, design B (44.48, 183.71) MPa and design C (29.31, 12984) under V load and LO load in sequence. The maximum Von Mises stress location was at the cervical margin of the crown, in design A and B, while located at the top surface of the core for design C under both load configurations. The stresses were concentrated at the top surface of the core in designs A and B, whereas, the stress pattern distributed uniformly in the core structure for design C. Conclusions: The round post screw head design produces more benign stress distribution under different occlusal load compared with rectangular shape particularly at the crown margin
Prevalence, Extension and Severity of the Gingival Recession in an Adult Population Sample of Sulaimani city– Iraq
Full text linkObjectives: to determine the prevalence, severity and extension of gingival recession in an adult population in Sulaimani city – Iraq. Materials and Methods: 627 subjects, males and females were examined at Shorsh teaching hospital - dental center in Sulaimani city to determine the prevalence, severity and extension of gingival recession. The sample was divided into four age groups, group 1 (20 to 29 years) 232 patients, group 2 (30 to 39 years) 223 patients, group 3 (40 to 49 years) 128 patients and group 4 (above 50 years) 44 patients. A calibrated periodontal probe marked up to 15 mm was employed for measuring the amount of gingival recession from cementoenamel junction to the gingival margin on four surfaces of each tooth - mesial, buccal, distal and lingual. Miller s classification was used to evaluate the severity of the recession. Results: In this study a total of 249 subjects out of 627 recorded gingival recession. Whereas, 1453 teeth out of 6776 adding up to 2340 sites displayed (≥1 mm) gingival recession. Furthermore, the majority of older age group (≥ 50 years) sample revealed gingival recession (93.2%). Statistically gingival recession among male subjects were non-significantly higher than female subjects 46% against 34.5% respectively, whereas females recorded higher number of teeth and sites affected by gingival recession than males (823 teeth against 630 teeth and 1277 sites against 1063 sites). According to Miller s classification, class one recession was most prevalent (55%) followed by class III (38.2%). According to age, Class I recessions decreased as age increased, however, Class III and Class IV recessions showed an increasing status as age increased. According to tooth type, mandibular central and lateral incisors showed the highest percentages of gingival recession (23.6% and 19.4%) respectively. Conclusion: Prevalence of the gingival recession was high among the population examined in this study with a predilection for males. Gingival recession was more prevalent in higher age groups. Furthermore, mandibular central and lateral incisors were the most frequent teeth revealing recession among the total dentition
A correlation between human ABO phenotypes and periodontal status
Full text linkObjectives: To investigate the frequency of periodontal diseases among ABO blood groups and the Rh factors. Materials and Methods: the double-blind cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 systemically healthy subjects (90) males and (110) females, were examined at the Department of Periodontics – School of Dentistry – University of Sulaimani. The sample was divided into 3 groups – control (healthy) group, gingivitis group and periodontitis group according to plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss, then participants examined for their blood phenotypes and a correlation among the obtained data was formulated using SPSS 17.0 software. Results: Results of this study revealed high incidence of periodontitis and gingivitis among (O) and (A) group subjects compared to (B) and (AB) subjects, whereas no significant relation was detected between Rhesus (Rh) factors and periodontal lesions. Conclusions: A positive correlation was detected between (A) and (O) blood groups and frequency of periodontal lesions, this correlation could be employed as a risk marker for early detection of susceptible subjects to periodontitis
Subgingival application of 25% metronidazole gel, 1% chlorhexidine gel as adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planing in treatment of chronic periodontitis
No full textObjectives: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical effect of subgingival application of 25% metronidazole gel or 1% chlorhexidine gel as an adjunctive to scaling and root planing over a root planing alone. Materials and Methods: Ten adults (6 females and 4 males) with an age range of (30-60) years, each with at least three non-adjacent periodontally involved teeth with a probing pocket depth of ≥ 5mm and bleeding on probing participated in this randomized, split mouth, clinical study. A total of (394) sites were included in the study, the selected sites in each patient were divided into: Group 1 (root planing plus 25% metronidazole gel), Group 2 (root planing plus 1% chlorhexidine gel) and Group 3 (root planing alone).Clinical evaluation included: plaque index PLI (Silness and Loe, 1964), gingival index GI (Loe and Silness, 1963), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Results: All groups showed a fluctuated mean PLI scores between visits and a gradual reduction of GI, BOP, PPD and CAL scores for all groups during subsequent visits. Intergroup comparisons for PLI, BOP, PPD and CAL parameters showed no significance difference between the 3 groups, whereas GI showed a significant difference between groups except at week 2 only; this significance observed when group 1 compared with group 3. Conclusions: The 3 treatment modalities similarly showed improvement in almost all clinical parameters applied in this study. Also, there was no significance difference between the application of metronidazole gel and chlorhexidine gel on improvement of clinical periodontal parameters
Effect of fixed orthodontic appliance on some factors and elements of saliva
Full text linkObjectives: to determine the prevalence, severity and extension of gingival recession in an adult population in Sulaimani city – Iraq. Materials and Methods: 627 subjects, males and females were examined at Shorsh teaching hospital - dental center in Sulaimani city to determine the prevalence, severity and extension of gingival recession. The sample was divided into four age groups, group 1 (20 to 29 years) 232 patients, group 2 (30 to 39 years) 223 patients, group 3 (40 to 49 years) 128 patients and group 4 (above 50 years) 44 patients. A calibrated periodontal probe marked up to 15 mm was employed for measuring the amount of gingival recession from cementoenamel junction to the gingival margin on four surfaces of each tooth - mesial, buccal, distal and lingual. Miller s classification was used to evaluate the severity of the recession. Results: In this study a total of 249 subjects out of 627 recorded gingival recession. Whereas, 1453 teeth out of 6776 adding up to 2340 sites displayed (≥1 mm) gingival recession. Furthermore, the majority of older age group (≥ 50 years) sample revealed gingival recession (93.2%). Statistically gingival recession among male subjects were non-significantly higher than female subjects 46% against 34.5% respectively, whereas females recorded higher number of teeth and sites affected by gingival recession than males (823 teeth against 630 teeth and 1277 sites against 1063 sites). According to Miller s classification, class one recession was most prevalent (55%) followed by class III (38.2%). According to age, Class I recessions decreased as age increased, however, Class III and Class IV recessions showed an increasing status as age increased. According to tooth type, mandibular central and lateral incisors showed the highest percentages of gingival recession (23.6% and 19.4%) respectively. Conclusion: Prevalence of the gingival recession was high among the population examined in this study with a predilection for males. Gingival recession was more prevalent in higher age groups. Furthermore, mandibular central and lateral incisors were the most frequent teeth revealing recession among the total dentition
Immunohistochemical expression of P-cadherin and cortactin in oral squamous cell carcinomas
Full text linkObjectives: to assess the expression and pattern distribution of P-cadherin and cortactin in OSCC, and to relate such expression to the histopathological grading. Materials and Methods: An immunohistochemical staining for P-cadherin and cortactin was performed on paraffin blocks of 40 oral squamous cell carcinoma and five normal mucosa. Fisher's exact test and Spearman's rank-order correlation were applied for analysis. P 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: P-cadherin was either aberrantly cytoplasmic re-localized or lost in 45% of cases. 58.6% of positive cases were in grade I. Focal heterogeneous pattern was the commonest pattern (27.5%) and related to the degree of cell differentiation. The expression percentage was reported mainly in score 1 and 2 with no differences among histopathological grades (P=0.778). On the other hand, 70% of oral SCC had cytoplasmic cortactin expression. The majority of cases (85.7%) expressed diffuse pattern including all positive grade II and III cases. Nevertheless, statistical analysis did not reach a significant level (P= 0.722). Furthermore, no significant correlation was found between P-cadherin and cortactin expression. Conclusion: Oral SCC had P-cadherin under-expression (focal) and cortactin over-expression (diffuse). The P-cadherin pattern distribution rather than expression percentage was related to the degree of cell differentiation. The expressions of these molecules were unrelated to each other