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Assessment of denture hygiene habits among complete denture wearers attending Sulaimani Dental School
Full text linkThe purpose of the study was to record self-reported hygiene habits and examine the influence of denture hygiene level on the prevalence and intensity of denture stomatitis and traumatic ulcers in the edentulous maxilla of older patients wearing a complete maxillary denture. The study population comprised 38 maxillary complete denture (UCD) wearers (20 males and 18 females) aged 50–80 attending prosthodontics department of Sulaimani School of Dentistry. Denture hygiene habits were assessed and recorded. Biofilm on the internal surface of UCD was quantified using digital photos. Any relationships between denture hygiene habits, denture plaque and the condition of oral tissue were assessed.Of the participants, 94.7% cleaned their dentures with a toothbrush and 50% of them used toothpaste as cleaning method. The majority of them did not remove their dentures overnight and knew nothing about chemical denture cleansers for denture immersion. Only 26.3% of participants received instruction about denture and oral care from their dentists. Stomatitis was observed in 68.4% and traumatic ulcers in 18.4% of participants. A positive relation was observed between overnight removal of the denture and the presence of denture-related stomatitis. Data was analyzed using Chi-square test (P 0.05).The degree of denture hygiene was significantly associated with sex, education, and overnight denture removal. No significant relation was found between denture plaque and denture stomatitis.Participants surveyed had limited awareness of denture hygiene care
Comparison of Topical Metronidazole, Ciprofloxacin, Cimetidine, and Meloxicam Treatment in Plaque- Induced Gingivitis
Full text linkObjectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the clinical effectiveness of newly prepared topical dosage forms as an adjunct to scaling and polishing (S P) in plaque-induced gingivitis. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 75 patients (35 males and 40 females) with a moderate to severe gingivitis randomly divided into five groups, each including 15 patients. In each group, the patients received (S P) plus one of the oral gels (1% metronidazole, 1% ciprofloxacin, 1% cimetidine, 0.5% meloxicam) twice daily for seven days, except group 0 which were treated by (S P) alone without any drug application. All the patients were evaluated before treatment and 7 days after treatment for plaque index [PLI], gingival index [GI], and bleeding on probing [BOP] and biochemical parameters (salivary enzymes) like aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Results: There was a significant improvement following all treatments type when compared to pretreatment records with minor differences in the effects of treatment modalities on the clinical parameters (PLI, GI, and BOP). Combination therapy of (S P) plus ciprofloxacin gel resulted in the best improvement of PLI and BOP whereas the highest significant improvement in GI was with the combination therapy of (S P) plus cimetidine gel. Similarly, AST, ALT, CK, and LDH significantly reduced in all five groups, with the most observed reduction of both AST and CK was found in the combination therapy of metronidazole gel along with (S P). The highest decrease in ALT and LDH was observed with the combination therapy of cimetidine gel along with (S P). Conclusion: The above studies revealed that adjunctive use of topical gels particularly ciprofloxacin and cimetidine along with (S P) results in significant benefits in the treatment of plaque-associated gingivitis
Modified Flap Design for Lower Third Molar Surgery: A Short Patient-based Outcome Comparative Study
Full text linkObjectives: to compare the influence of a newly suggest modified flap design on pain and swelling with the traditional two sided flap. Materials and Methods: Patients were divided into two groups: conventional approach (control) group (n=42) and modified approach (experimental) group (n=41). Pain and swelling were evaluated for the first three postoperative days using 10 cm visual analogue scales. Presence of dry socket was documented in the 7th postoperative day. Results: There was statistically significant difference on the third postoperative day (p 0.05) in the mean pain score between the two surgical groups. The mean score of swelling in conventional group was slightly higher than the modified approach (p 0.05) in the first and the third post operative days. The incidence of dry socket in the modified approach was significantly less than conventional approach group (p 0.001). Conclusions: The modified flap design has a relative advantage over the conventional two sided buccal approach in terms of postoperative pain, swelling and dry socket incidence
Prevalence of missing permanent teeth in 9-14 years dental patients in Sulaimani city - Radiographic study
Full text linkObjectives: The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence of missing permanent teeth in a sample of dental patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 1133 digital OPG images, for students aged between 9-14 years, were retrieved from archived records. All the digital images were evaluated on the computer screen for determining the number, type and site of missing teeth in relation to age and sex. Results: The prevalence of hypodontia was 14.1% (6% for males, 8.1% for females) with no sex variation. Most cases (51.28%) with hypodontia had only one missing tooth (21.79% for males, 29.49% for females). The most commonly missing teeth were the maxillary lateral incisors (37.8%), followed by the mandibular second premolars (34.1%). Conclusion: High prevalence of missing teeth could be reported depending on OPG alone. Single tooth loss, maxillary jaw, and left side were the common features of missing permanent teeth in teenagers of our sample
Clinical analysis of salivary gland tumors and their treatment methods: An experience in treatment of 154 cases
Full text linkObjectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment plan methods used in the treatment of different type site of salivary gland tumors. Materials and Methods: This study represents the experience of author in surgical treatment of 154 patients who were admitted in the clinic of maxillofacial surgery in the Babylon teaching hospital during the period May 2004- October 2010 for surgical treatment of salivary gland tumors. The clinical finding; distribution of patients according to the histology the site of origin is summarised. Analysis of different types of surgical procedures that used with others possible treatment recurrent rate were done. Result: There were 82 females (53.2%) 72 (46.8%) males. The average age of patients was 48.5 years. Parotid gland tumors represent 55.2% (85 patients), submandibular gland 20.7% (32 patients) minor salivary glands 24% (37 patients). Malignant tumors represent 42.2%, mostly in submandibular minor salivary glands while 57.7% were benign mostly in the parotid gland. Conclusions: Early diagnosis correlated with careful treatment plan selection depends on histopathology, staging and type of tumor leads to good prognosis of salivary gland tumors. When possible a conservative resection of the malignant tumor is recommended
Temporomandibular joint disorders among a group of patients attending the Oral Diagnosis Clinic of the School of Dentistry at University of Sulaimani, Iraq
Full text linkObjectives: The objectives of the present study was to find the number of subjects and distribution, etiology and some associated factors of TMJ problems of patients attending the Oral Diagnosis Clinic at the School of Dentistry/ University of Sulaimani. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study consists of available case-sheet records for patients attended the clinic of Oral Diagnosis of the School of Dentistry at the University of Sulaimani within one academic year (2013-2014) and consisted of 1325 patients aged from 10-79 years; 650 males (49.05%) and 675 females (50.94%). Results: Out of 53 (0.04%) patients who complained of TMJ problems, 30 patients were males (56.6%) and 23 patients were females (43.4%). The highest numbers of patients seen were from the younger age groups (20-30 years; n= 37, 69.8%). The pain was the most prevalent reported symptom followed by clicking in the joints and more than half of patients reported emotional stress as a causative factor. About one-third of the patients reported that their TMJ problems have affected their functional activities, and also only one-third of the patients reported ear symptoms. Conclusions: TMD patients require a special kind of attention due the multifactorial nature of the condition and the wide range of clinical manifestations that may be associated with the condition. Furthermore, the impact of the condition on the general health and the quality of life are clearly evident and should not be overlooked by any clinician who encounters such patients
Prevalence of endodontically treated teeth in Sulaimani adult population
Full text linkObjectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of root filled teeth in a Sulaimani adult population. Material and Methods: Panoramic radiographs of 1015 patients were examined for the presence of endodontically treated teeth between April 2009 and October 2014. Two independent examiners discussed interpretation criteria and classified specimens according to the following data: presence of root canal treatment, which was defined as partially or completely filled canal space, regardless of whether filling ended at the radiographic apex or not; presence of intracanal post; and associated apical periodontitis. Results: Chi-square test and descriptive analysis were used for statistical analyses. Significance level was set at p 0.05. Of 24218 teeth evaluated, 4534 (18.7 %) were treated endodontically. Endodontic treatment was most frequent in mandibular molars, whereas mandibular incisors showed the lowest. Most endodontically treated teeth were found in people aged 18-29 years old. Females (54.29%) showed a higher prevalence of teeth with root fillings than males. Conclusions: The present study found a higher prevalence of endodontically treated teeth in lower molars; females had more endodontically treated teeth than males
The prevalence of lower alveolar flat ridge among completely edentulous patients in Sulaimani
Full text linkObjectives: The aim of the present study is to investigate the prevalence of lower flat ridge among a sample of completely edentulous patients, and to correlate it with age, gender, the presence or absence of a previous denture and the period of complete edentulism. Materials and Methods: 297 patients with lower flat ridge were included in the study. A questionnaire was used to record the data of each patient which include; the gender, the age of the patient, the presence or the absence of a previous denture, and the date of the last tooth extraction (the period of complete edentulism). The patients were informed that the recorded information was required for a research purpose, and it will be used in a survey, and their consents and agreements were taken verbally. All the collected data were checked and assessed by a prosthodontic specialist. The patients age were divided into four groups; (41-50 years), (51-60 years), (61-70 years), (more than 71 years). The period of complete edentulism were divided into two groups; (up to 5 years), and (more than 5 years). The data were correlated and descriptive statistic of tables, numbers and percentages along with Chi-Square, were used to analyze the data. Results: The results of the study showed that; 150 (50.505%) of the patients were males and 147 (49.494%) of the patients were females. The majority of the patients were from the age group (61-70) and (51-60) years in male and female respectively. No significant differences were found between gender and age group (P 0.05). The occurrence of the lower flat ridge was significantly higher in patients with previous dentures 184(61.952%) than those without dentures 113(38.047%) in both genders (P 0.05). Finally, the results revealed that patients who were completely edentulous for up to five years had significantly higher numbers of lower flat ridge 178(59.932%) comparing to those who were completely edentulous for more than five years 119(40.067%). Conclusions: The presence of a previous denture, the longevity period of complete edentulism, the age, and the gender of the patient has an effect on the resorption of the lower residual ridge, and on the height of the lower residual ridge
Height, weight and the number of erupted permanent teeth among 6-16 years old children in Sulaimani City
Full text linkObjectives: This study was conducted in order to evaluate the influence of gender, weight, and height on number of permanent teeth emerged among 6-16 years age group children in Sulaimani city. Material and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out among randomly selected primary school in Sulaimani city including an oral clinical examination, and weight and height measurements. All measurements were carried out following standardized guidelines. Missing teeth due to extraction were counted as erupted and other cases were excluded from the study if missing of teeth were not approved to be due to tooth extraction. Results: A total of 1125 children aged 6-16 years were recruited for the study. The overall mean age of the children was 10.7 ± 2.8 years (boys, 10.6 ± 2.6; girls, 10.9 ± 3.0). Females showed higher number of erupted teeth than males by an average of about 1.4 teeth/ child and the total number of erupted teeth was 18.2 teeth/ child in the total sample. Partial correlation coefficient of total numbers of erupted teeth was positively significant with weight in both males and females and was significant with height among females only. The partial correlation results of the eruption (presence) of individual teeth with height and weight were mixed as; all incisor teeth showed no significant relation, but the teeth number 17, 15, 13, and 47 showed positive significant correlation with height and weight. Conclusions: The mean total number of erupted teeth per child increased with age and the mean total number of erupted teeth was higher in females than males. The influence of weight on the number of erupted teeth was obvious among both males and females, while the height of the child showed a significant influence on the number of erupted teeth only among females. Furthermore, the influences of height and weight on the eruption of individual teeth were inconclusive
Comparison of predominant cultivable microflora on acrylic denture base resin cured by two different techniques
Full text linkObjectives: To characterize the prevalence of normal microorganisms on complete upper dentures on successive weeks after insertion reaching a stable condition. Also, to find out the effect of the microwave curing system on the periodic microbiological growth on complete upper dentures and compare them with the results obtained from the water-bath curing method. Materials and Methods: Ten healthy fully edentulous patients were selected. A comparative micro flora on acrylic resin samples cured by two ways: the water-bath curing method and microwave curing energy. The samples fixed in the fitting surface of complete upper denture. The micro flora were studied during four experimental periods starting from zero time, the time just before the insertion of new complete dentures till the 6th week of denture insertion. The data were analyzed using SPSS software with T-test, and the differences were considered statistically significant at P 0.05. Results: Various microorganism species isolated from both samples, include streptococci, staphylococci, Gram-positive rods, Gram-negative rods and cocci. The microwave samples appeared to support significantly more aerobic Gram-positive rods and anaerobic Gram-negative rods, but less aerobic and anaerobic streptococci, Gram-negative cocci, and aerobic staphylococci. No candida growth could be identified before and after denture insertion. In spite of oscillate population of the bacteria, it has been noted it tends to stabilize on two subjects at the 10th week. Conclusions: It was difficult to decide which one of the either methods of curing acrylic resin is better in harboring fewer microorganisms. The number of both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms significantly increased as the period of wearing denture is prolonged. Early plaque contains different kinds of bacteria; the majority was Gram-positive rods. No candida growth was detected